cole crops: cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower introduction are varieties of brassica oleracea are...
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Cole Crops: Cabbage, Broccoli, Cauliflower Introduction
Are varieties of Brassica oleracea Are members of the _________________ family
Can be pungent Contain ____________________
Shown to have anti-carcinogen effects
Environmental requirements Cool season Biennial
Head we consume is produced the first year Second year after a ___________ treatment it will flower
Cole Crops Keys to producing
cole crops Transplanted
Transplant stems _____________ that pencil size in diameter
Rapid growth/ no stress
_______________ must be controlled
What is a cabbageworm? A group of 3 _________
that feed on cole crops
Adults lay eggs on ___________ of leaves
Overwinter on trash of host plants
Can be controlled with _________ or synthetic insecticides
Cabbage (Brasscia oleracea Capitata group)
Background Developed from wild,
leafy, ______________ plants that occur throughout Europe
History Cabbage was in general use by ______ B.C.
Was a leafy type Heading types first described in 1500’s
Could be stored over the winter
Cabbage forming a head
Cabbage Are consuming leaves Plant characteristics
Have a wide range Color from ________ to ________ Leaf character from smooth
to savoyed leaves Head shape from flat to ________ Maturity from early (______ days)
to late (______ days) Late maturing used for cabbage grown over the
winter
Chinese ornamental cabbage
Early Jersey Wakefield
Cabbage Cultivation
Planting Can withstand
temperatures below _____ F
Can plant at 2 times Early spring
Early summer crop Use transplants
Late summer Fall crop
Transplants used Adequate _______________
fertilizer important
Cabbage
Harvesting Harvest when
____________ has become fairly firm but before it _______________ or splits
Heads from late maturing cultivars can be stored for several months at _______ F and high humidity in pits or root cellars
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica group)
Background Developed from
various leafy cabbage forms in southern _________
Plant characteristics Forms a loose flower
__________ on a tall, green, branching stalk
Adapted to all parts of the U.S.
Can harvest over an extended period by harvesting _________ heads
Broccoli Are consuming
unopen flower buds
Harvesting Harvest central ____
together with 6 inches of stem
Harvest __________ the flower buds start opening and develop a ___________ color
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Botrytis group)
Background Originated from a
leafy form of cabbage in southern ______________
Is the most difficult to grow among the cole crops
Must be blanched Does not tolerate
______________
Cauliflower
Characteristics Grown for white head
called a ______________ Head is formed from shortened flower parts
at the top of the plant Temperature response
Too much ______________ prevents the head from forming
Plant is more sensitive to ______________ than cabbage
Cauliflower Blanching
Some cultivars are self-blanching Leaves grow over top of the curd
If not self-blanching, leaves should be tied ______ around the head
Why blanch? Keeps a whiter head Protects against __________ Protects against __________ injury Prevents off-flavor
Cauliflower Harvest Curds are harvested based on their
___________ Buying a quality curd depends on:
Florets being tightly closed White color No purple color on
stems or florets No black spots on
curds Caused by ______
soft rot