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Collaboration on Waste
Management in Malaysia -
~ 30 Years of Solving the Puzzle
Dr. Theng Lee Chong Environment / Waste Management Specialist
Background of Collaboration - turning dumpsite into proper landfill
Waste management is traditionally a problem in
Malaysia, under the management of the local
authorities
Open dumping / Open burning Leachate contamination Bad smell / Hygiene problem
Alarming stage (1980s)
In 1987, the Malaysia Government requested the
Japan Government to assist in improving the
waste management as a whole, particularly
looking at the disposal sites.
In 1988, JICA dispatched technical assistance to
Malaysia, selected site at Seberang Prai.
1987
1987
1987
Prof. Yasushi Matsufuji (松藤康司教授)
Main Issues Faced
MATERIALS
MAN POWER
MONEY
~ Lack of 3M
NO MONEY
NO MANPOWER
NO MATERIALS
Utilization of local available materials – used metal drums
Development of Semi Aerobic Landfill
in Malaysia
Utilization of local available materials – used metal drums
Utilization of local available materials – bamboo
Utilization of local available materials – bamboo
Utilization of local available materials – bamboo
Consultations with the local
Construction of 1st Semi Aerobic Landfill System
Construction of 1st Semi Aerobic Landfill System
1992
Further improvement of leachate quality
Further improvement of leachate quality
Leachate Re-circulation and filtration systems
1993
Comparison of Leachate from Anaerobic landfill, semi aerobic landfill and filtrated leachate
1988 1988
1992 1996
Monitoring / Analysis at the Closed Landfill
2012
2015
Our Collaboration continues..
The Japan Government through JICA and some other
agencies continued supports to the Malaysia
Government in development of important documents:
Guidelines on Development and Operation of Sanitary Landfill Landfill Closure Guidelines National Waste Management Minimization and Action Plan National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management
Continuous capacity building /
training of Malaysian personnel in
Japan, on various expertise with
regard to solid waste management.
Collaboration projects at local levels – Sibu, Penang,
Hang Tuah Jaya, Iskandar Malaysia,
Frasers’ Hill etc.
Witnessing the Evolution of Waste
Management in Malaysia Hygiene problems
Pollutions
Health Concerns
Proper
Closure
Environmental
Protections
Waste-to-Energy
Effective Recovery - Recyclable materials
Reduce, Reuse, Recycling
Alternative Solutions
Integrated SWM
<1970s
2020
Specific Wastes:
- Food Wastes
- Construction Wastes
- E-wastes / HHW
Composting
Open Dumping
SWM Strategic Plan
Waste Minimization Plan
Sanitary
Landfills
SWM Act and Regulations
(2007)
Quality
Services
Landfill Guidelines
1987 2015
Prof. Dr. Yasushi Matsufuji (松藤康司教授)
Technical
Know-how Money,
Materials and
Manpower
Capacity Building
30 Years of Solving the Puzzle
Commitments /
Self-efforts by the
Malaysians
1980s - 2017
Development of technical
Guidelines
Trainings in Japan
Conducts of pilot projects
Supports of local experts
Advisory / Continuous monitoring
– Finding a holistic Solution
The Challenges
Setting of Priority
Technical
Legal & Institutional Frameworks
Economic Instruments /
Funding
POLITICAL WILL
Culture
Technical know-how Transfer of technology Technology barriers
(Local vs foreign)
Not in priority list Lack of long-term planning Economic / Physical
development
Willingness to pay Best Affordable Model Development budget
Maintenance Awareness Commitments
Overlaps of jurisdictions Private and Public gap Capacity constraint Enforcement
Lessons Learnt from Collaboration
on Waste Management in Malaysia
Solving immediate problems, lack of long term
planning.
Weak in duplication / sustainability of projects.
Setting of priority on waste management vs other
development sectors
Commitments from the decision makers
High turn over of trained personnel
Constraints of local experts
Availability of other options / alternatives Other local constraints such as political and
economical constraints
The Way Forward Transfers of know-how from Japan to Malaysia have
contributed significantly to the waste management sector in
Malaysia for the past 30 years.
Future Collaborations
Very specific focus areas (still a lot to learn from) – such as
E-waste, food waste, used diaper recycling, sea-landfilling
etc.
JICA SME driven projects is an interesting new scheme,
helping the private sectors to link with each others.
Capacity building / training of expertise or human resources
at all levels is still highly required while moving towards a
developed nation.
