collagen and gut health · in addition to leaky gut and ibds, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is...

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COLLAGEN AND GUT HEALTH

The human gut, or gastrointestinal tract, is a complex system that plays an important role in food digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune homeostasis.1,2

When the gut is functioning properly, a structure known as the intestinal barrier allows nutrients and other benefi cial molecules to pass from the lumen into the bloodstream while preventing penetration of most antigens and pathogens.3 The intestinal barrier also minimizes interaction between benefi cial gut microbes and immune cells, further contributing to immune homeostasis.4

The intestinal barrier is comprised of three main lines of defense, each with several components. The fi rst line of defense is located in the lumen–the hollow space of the intestine–and is comprised of gastric acid, pancreatic juice, and commensal bacteria. Lining the lumen, there is a second line of defense made up of mucus layers and the epithelial glycocalyx; this second layer prevents bacterial adhesion and contains antimicrobial products.3 The third line of defense is the epithelium, a layer of cells that serves as yet another physical barrier and has an important role in regulating immune responses to gut microbes.4 The cells in this third layer, known as epithelial cells, are joined together by a variety of cell junction proteins which allow only select ions and molecules to permeate the epithelium.3

Increased intestinal permeability, also referred to as leaky gut syndrome, describes conditions in which intestinal barrier function has been compromised.5 It is particularly associated with dysfunctional tight junctions between epithelial cells.6 One pro-infl ammatory cytokine that especially disrupts tight junctions is known as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); TNF-α antibodies have been successfully employed in treatment of leaky gut symptoms.6 In addition to TNF-α antibodies, collagen supplementation has also shown promise in reducing this harmful cytokine and healing the gut. In fact, both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that supplemental collagen decreases production of TNF-α in the body, helping to reduce infl ammation.7,8,9 Furthermore, one of these studies demonstrated that TNF-α signifi cantly decreased the expression levels of occludin, a tight junction protein. However, treatment with collagen protected the tight junction protein from TNF-α induced breakdown,8 suggesting that collagen supplementation may help prevent or reverse increased intestinal permeability.

SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION AND EASES INFLAMMATION

Figure 1 The intestinal barrier is a complex structure that allows for nutrient absorption while blocking antigens and pathogens. Impaired intestinal barrier function has been associated with a variety of gut disorders.

AND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATION

The cells in this third layer, known as epithelial cells, are joined together by a variety of cell junction proteins which allow only select ions and molecules to permeate the variety of cell junction proteins which allow only select ions and molecules to permeate the

The cells in this third layer, known as epithelial cells, are joined together by a The cells in this third layer, known as epithelial cells, are joined together by a The cells in this third layer, known as epithelial cells, are joined together by a The cells in this third layer, known as epithelial cells, are joined together by a as yet another physical barrier and has an important role in regulating immune responses to as yet another physical barrier and has an important role in regulating immune responses to

The cells in this third layer, known as epithelial cells, are joined together by a

AND EASES INFLAMMATIONSUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION

AND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONSUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION


AND EASES INFLAMMATIONSUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION

AND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONSUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION

AND EASES INFLAMMATIONSUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION



AND EASES INFLAMMATIONSUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION

AND EASES INFLAMMATION

antibodies have been successfully employed in treatment antibodies have been successfully employed in treatment antibodies, collagen supplementation has also

shown promise in reducing this harmful cytokine and healing the gut. In fact, both in vitro and shown promise in reducing this harmful cytokine and healing the gut. In fact, both in vitro and shown promise in reducing this harmful cytokine and healing the gut. In fact, both in vitro and

antibodies have been successfully employed in treatment

shown promise in reducing this harmful cytokine and healing the gut. In fact, both in vitro and

antibodies have been successfully employed in treatment antibodies have been successfully employed in treatment antibodies have been successfully employed in treatment antibodies have been successfully employed in treatment

shown promise in reducing this harmful cytokine and healing the gut. In fact, both in vitro and shown promise in reducing this harmful cytokine and healing the gut. In fact, both in vitro and

Small Intestine A Fold of the Intestinal Lining Villi Epithelial Cell

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While distinct from leaky gut syndrome, infl ammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis have also been associated with this specifi c gut issue. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by infl ammation and ulceration of the mucosa in the colon, and diagnoses are made on the basis of biopsy, colonoscopy, or stool test results.10 Various environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute to the development of ulcerative colitis, perhaps by altering gut barrier function and leading to abnormal immune responses and chronic infl ammation.11 Consequently, management of ulcerative colitis often involves anti-infl ammatory and immunosuppressant medications, which alleviate infl ammation but do not necessarily heal the damaged mucosa. In contrast, a recent study indicated that treatment with collagen both lessens infl ammation and promotes mucosal healing.7

Collagen treatment was found to decrease expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a factor known to correlate to disease severity. Collagen treatment also decreased expression of TNF-α, the cytokine already noted as responsible for increased expression of various other pro-infl ammatory mediators as well as matrix metalloproteinases that appear to contribute to mucosal ulceration.7

In addition to leaky gut and IBDs, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is another gut disorder impacting many Americans. In fact, it is among the most prevalent gut disorders in the United States, with an estimated prevalence of 10-15%.12 IBS is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms such as are abdominal discomfort and abnormal bowel habits rather than a diagnostic test,6 which can make it di� cult to distinguish IBS from other conditions. Several biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development, including increased mucosal permeability and activation of the mucosal immune system12

– phenomena also associated with leaky gut syndrome and ulcerative colitis. Thus, the benefi cial e� ects of collagen supplementation on gut permeability and infl ammation may also improve the symptoms of IBS.

COLLAGEN·NATIVE·TYPE 2 is designed to help maintain gut health. It is produced from bovine cartilage through a gentle extraction process that maintains the “native” or natural helical structure of the collagen. This structure is thought to have powerful immune-modulating e� ects that lessen infl ammation.9,13 In addition, native collagen is at least partly broken down by enzymes of the stomach and pancreas for absorption in the small intestine. After entering the bloodstream, these peptides are further broken down for incorporation into new collagen structures both in the gut and throughout the body. Supplementation with COLLAGEN·NATIVE·TYPE 2 is therefore an easy way to alleviate the discomforts of digestive symptoms by easing infl ammation and promoting repair of the intestinal lining.

1. Michielan A, et al. Intestinal permeability in infl ammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut. Mediators Infl amm. 2015:628157.2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune mechanisms and biological treatments. Mediators Infl amm.2015:493012. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.

Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;24:503-512. 4. Okumura R, et al. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Exp Mol Med. 2017;49(5):e338.5. Brom B. Integrative medicine and leaky gut syndrome. SA Fam Pract. 2010;52(4):314-

316.6. Kiefer D, et al. A brief evidence-based review of two gastrointestinal illnesses: irritable bowel syndrome and leaky gut syndrome. Integr Med. 2004;3(3). 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal

healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2016;91:216-224.8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in

immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions. Food Funct. 2017;8:1144-1151.

9. Ding CH, et al. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-infl ammatory mediator production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003;132:416-423.

10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. Am J Gastroenterol.

2010;105:501-523. 11. Strober W, et al. The fundamental basis of infl ammatory bowel disease. J Clin Invest.

2007;117:514-521.12. Barbara G, et al. The immune system in irritable bowel syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol

Motil. 2011;17(4):349-359.13. Bagchi D, et al. E� ects of orally administered undenatured type II collagen against

arthritic infl ammatory diseases: A mechanistic explanation. Int J Clin Pharm Res. 2002;22(3/4):101-110.

Figure 2 Infl ammation of the tight junctions between epithelial cells contributes to increased permeability of the gastrointestinal tract.

Infl ammationNormaltightjunction

SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION AND EASES INFLAMMATION

SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION

Several biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development, Several biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development, including increased mucosal permeability and activation of the mucosal immune systemincluding increased mucosal permeability and activation of the mucosal immune systemSeveral biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development, Several biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development,

SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION

Several biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development, Several biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development, which can make it di� cult to distinguish IBS from other conditions.

Several biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development, Several biological factors have been identifi ed as possible contributors to IBS development,

SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION AND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATION

SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION AND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATION

SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION AND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATION

SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION SUPPORTS HEALTHY GUT FUNCTION AND EASES INFLAMMATIONAND EASES INFLAMMATION

1. Michielan A, et al. Intestinal permeability in infl ammatory bowel disease:

3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease. 2012;24:503-512. 2012;24:503-512.

4. Okumura R, et al. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of

evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut.

3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.


1. Michielan A, et al. Intestinal permeability in infl ammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis, clinical

3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil.


2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune 2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune mechanisms and biological treatments. mechanisms and biological treatments. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.

2012;24:503-512. 2012;24:503-512. 4. Okumura R, et al. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of





1. Michielan A, et al. Intestinal permeability in infl ammatory bowel disease: 1. Michielan A, et al. Intestinal permeability in infl ammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis, clinical pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut.


evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut. 2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune 2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune mechanisms and biological treatments. mechanisms and biological treatments. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.

Neurogastroenterol Motil.Neurogastroenterol Motil.4. Okumura R, et al. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of

3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil.


1. Michielan A, et al. Intestinal permeability in infl ammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis, clinical pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut. evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut. 2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune mechanisms and biological treatments.

pathogenesis, clinical 1. Michielan A, et al. Intestinal permeability in infl ammatory bowel disease:



4. Okumura R, et al. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of 4. Okumura R, et al. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of





Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. 2010;105:501-523.

immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions. immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions. 2017;8:1144-1151.

9. Ding CH, et al. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-infl ammatory

immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions. 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in

2010;105:501-523. 2010;105:501-523.

mediator production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis. mediator production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis. 2003;132:416-423.

10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of 10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee.

2010;105:501-523.

10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of 10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee.

2010;105:501-523. 2010;105:501-523.

immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions.

healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy. healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy. 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in



6. Kiefer D, et al. A brief evidence-based review of two gastrointestinal Integr Med. Integr Med.

7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal Eur J Pharm Sci.Eur J Pharm Sci.

8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in

9. Ding CH, et al. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-infl ammatory 9. Ding CH, et al. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-infl ammatory

gut homeostasis. 5. Brom B. Integrative medicine and leaky gut syndrome.

316.

gut homeostasis. 4. Okumura R, et al. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of

In addition, native collagen is at In addition, native collagen is at least partly broken down by enzymes of the stomach and pancreas for absorption in the least partly broken down by enzymes of the stomach and pancreas for absorption in the

316.

least partly broken down by enzymes of the stomach and pancreas for absorption in the

gut homeostasis. gut homeostasis. 5. Brom B. Integrative medicine and leaky gut syndrome. 5. Brom B. Integrative medicine and leaky gut syndrome.

316.



316.


316.

2004;3(3). 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal

2016;91:216-224.8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in

7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal


2016;91:216-224. 2016;91:216-224.

2004;3(3). 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal


Integr Med. 6. Kiefer D, et al. A brief evidence-based review of two gastrointestinal

Integr Med. Integr Med. 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal

Eur J Pharm Sci.Eur J Pharm Sci.8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in



7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal 2016;91:216-224.

8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in




2004;3(3).

2010;52(4):314- 2010;52(4):314- 2010;52(4):314-

6. Kiefer D, et al. A brief evidence-based review of two gastrointestinal 6. Kiefer D, et al. A brief evidence-based review of two gastrointestinal Integr Med. 2004;3(3).

7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal


7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal 2016;91:216-224.

8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in

7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal 2016;91:216-224.Eur J Pharm Sci.Eur J Pharm Sci.

8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions.





10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of 10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of

J Clin Invest. J Clin Invest.

J Neurogastroenterol J Neurogastroenterol J Neurogastroenterol J Neurogastroenterol

13. Bagchi D, et al. E� ects of orally administered undenatured type II collagen against


J Neurogastroenterol

10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Am J Gastroenterol. Am J Gastroenterol.

11. Strober W, et al. The fundamental basis of infl ammatory bowel disease.

12. Barbara G, et al. The immune system in irritable bowel syndrome. 12. Barbara G, et al. The immune system in irritable bowel syndrome.


J Clin Invest.

J Neurogastroenterol


10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of

12. Barbara G, et al. The immune system in irritable bowel syndrome.



9. Ding CH, et al. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-infl ammatory Clin Exp Immunol. Clin Exp Immunol.

9. Ding CH, et al. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-infl ammatory Clin Exp Immunol. Clin Exp Immunol.

10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of 10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Am J Gastroenterol.


10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of


evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut. Mediators Infl amm.2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune mechanisms and biological treatments. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.


Mediators Infl amm.2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune mechanisms and biological treatments. Mediators Infl amm.3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.

Mediators Infl amm.3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.

4. Okumura R, et al. Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of 2017;49(5):e338.

5. Brom B. Integrative medicine and leaky gut syndrome. SA Fam Pract.

6. Kiefer D, et al. A brief evidence-based review of two gastrointestinal

2015:493012. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.


SA Fam Pract. 2010;52(4):314-

6. Kiefer D, et al. A brief evidence-based review of two gastrointestinal

Mediators Infl amm. 2015:628157.2. de Mattos BRR, et al. Infl ammatory bowel disease: an overview of immune

Mediators Infl amm.2015:493012. 3. Camilleri M, et al. Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease.

healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy.

6. Kiefer D, et al. A brief evidence-based review of two gastrointestinal illnesses: irritable bowel syndrome and leaky gut syndrome. 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal

healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy. Eur J Pharm Sci.8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in


9. Ding CH, et al. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-infl ammatory mediator production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis.

5. Brom B. Integrative medicine and leaky gut syndrome.


healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy. healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy. 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in

immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions. 2017;8:1144-1151.


10. Kornbluth A, et al. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee.

healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy. 8. Chen Q, et al. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in









immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions. Food Funct.


small intestine. After entering the bloodstream, these peptides are further broken down for healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy.

small intestine. After entering the bloodstream, these peptides are further broken down for healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy.

small intestine. After entering the bloodstream, these peptides are further broken down for immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions.

small intestine. After entering the bloodstream, these peptides are further broken down for immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions.

small intestine. After entering the bloodstream, these peptides are further broken down for 7. Ramadass SK, et al. Type I collagen and its daughter peptides for targeting mucosal




5. Brom B. Integrative medicine and leaky gut syndrome. 316.


healing in ulcerative colitis: a new treatment strategy.

mediator production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis. 2003;132:416-423.


2010;105:501-523. 11. Strober W, et al. The fundamental basis of infl ammatory bowel disease.

2007;117:514-521.12. Barbara G, et al. The immune system in irritable bowel syndrome.

2011;17(4):349-359.

Food Funct. 9. Ding CH, et al. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-infl ammatory

mediator production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis. 2003;132:416-423.


These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease.

collagen and gut health · in addition to leaky gut and ibds, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is...

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