Collapse of the Collapse of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

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Pair-SharePair-ShareDescribe Describe

what you what you see in the see in the cartooncartoon

Predict why Predict why communism communism will fail in the will fail in the Soviet Union Soviet Union and Eastern and Eastern EuropeEurope

ObjectiveObjectiveStudents will be able Students will be able to analyze the to analyze the reasons for the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet collapse of the Soviet Union by writing a Union by writing a paragraph summary.paragraph summary.

CA StandardCA Standard• 10.9.7: Analyze the reasons 10.9.7: Analyze the reasons

for the collapse of the for the collapse of the Soviet Union, including the Soviet Union, including the weakness of the command weakness of the command economy, burdens of economy, burdens of military commitments, and military commitments, and growing resistance to Soviet growing resistance to Soviet rule by dissidents in rule by dissidents in satellite states and the non-satellite states and the non-Russian Soviet republics.Russian Soviet republics.

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Communism Fails

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Film Clip: Film Clip: The Sound of StalinThe Sound of Stalin

I. Soviet LeadersI. Soviet Leaders

A. Stalin dies March 5, 1953A. Stalin dies March 5, 1953

1.Nikita Kruschev is appointed leader1.Nikita Kruschev is appointed leader

“Support the United States

rulers is rather in the nature of the support that the rope gives to a hanged man.”

I. Soviet LeadersI. Soviet Leaders

A. Stalin dies March 5, 1953A. Stalin dies March 5, 1953

1.Nikita Kruschev is appointed leader1.Nikita Kruschev is appointed leader

a. Destalinizationa. Destalinization

(1) denounced Stalin for killing (1) denounced Stalin for killing innocent Soviets innocent Soviets

(2) destroyed Stalin monuments(2) destroyed Stalin monuments

(3) reburied his body outside (3) reburied his body outside the the Kremlin Kremlin

b. maintained tight control on b. maintained tight control on satellite satellite nations nations

c. 1959 China acts independently of c. 1959 China acts independently of the the USSR USSR

(1)Kruschev refused to share (1)Kruschev refused to share nuclear secrets to nuclear secrets to

punish thempunish them

(2)stopped all economic aid(2)stopped all economic aid

2. Leonid Breshnev, 19642. Leonid Breshnev, 1964

a. repressive domestic policiesa. repressive domestic policies

(1) limited basic human rights (1) limited basic human rights = speech, = speech, worship, censorship worship, censorship

“I shall add that only he who has decided to commit suicide can start a nuclear

war in the hope of emerging a victor from it.

No matter what the attacker might possess, no

matter what method of unleashing nuclear war he chooses, he will not attain his aims. Retribution will

inevitably ensue. “

Nixon announces Détente

• President Nixon announces that the USA wants to start ending the Cold War

• he visits China in early 1972

• he meets with the Russians and agrees to reduce the number of nuclear missiles in the SALT treaty

3. Détente’3. Détente’

a. a policy of lessening Cold a. a policy of lessening Cold War tensions War tensions (Nixon) (Nixon)

b. SALT (1972) – Strategic b. SALT (1972) – Strategic Arms Arms Limitation Talks Limitation Talks

(1)limited the number of (1)limited the number of missiles and missiles and nuclear nuclear submarines each country submarines each country could havecould have

4. Realpolitik (realistic politics)4. Realpolitik (realistic politics) a. Dealing with other nations in a. Dealing with other nations in

aa practical & flexible mannerpractical & flexible manner b. Personal & political shift b. Personal & political shift c. Nixon: 1c. Nixon: 1stst president to visit president to visit communist China and the communist China and the

Soviet UnionSoviet Union Mao Zedong Richard Nixon

“The Big Gipper”

• Ronald Reagan becomes president in 1980 and announces an end to Détente and starts the Strategic Defense Initiative (also known as Star Wars) and starts a massive increase in military spending

“The Soviets ... have enough accurate and

powerful nuclear weapons to destroy virtually all of our

missiles on the ground.”

Pair-SharePair-ShareList the problems List the problems with communismwith communism

II. Problems under CommunismII. Problems under CommunismA. Totalitarian StateA. Totalitarian State

1. rewarded silence, death or jail for speaking 1. rewarded silence, death or jail for speaking outout

a. society rarely changed (no new a. society rarely changed (no new ideas)ideas)2. No incentive to work hard2. No incentive to work hard

a. no extra pay for more worka. no extra pay for more work3. Economic control by the government 3. Economic control by the government caused shortages and surplusescaused shortages and surpluses

a. people waited hours in line for a. people waited hours in line for food that had food that had gone bad gone bad4. Could no longer afford to keep up with the 4. Could no longer afford to keep up with the U.S. in the arms raceU.S. in the arms race

a. billions spent on space and a. billions spent on space and military had military had broken the government broken the government

Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev

“More socialism means more democracy,

openness and collectivism in everyday life.”

B. Mikhail Gorbachev (reform minded)- 1982B. Mikhail Gorbachev (reform minded)- 1982

1. 1. GlasnostGlasnost (openness) (openness)

a. encouraged discussion on a. encouraged discussion on how to improve how to improve society society

b. allowed churches to openb. allowed churches to open

c. re-printed banned booksc. re-printed banned books

d. reports allowed to report d. reports allowed to report truthfully on the truthfully on the condition of condition of governmentgovernment

e. released critics from prisone. released critics from prison

2. 2. Perestroika Perestroika (economic restructuring)(economic restructuring)

a. allowed people to open small a. allowed people to open small private private businesses businesses

b. gave managers authority over b. gave managers authority over farms & farms & factories factories

(1) he wanted to make (1) he wanted to make Communism more Communism more efficient efficient

3. 3. democratization democratization (political openness)(political openness)

a. held open elections (voted a. held open elections (voted reforms in)reforms in)

b. urged satellite nations to b. urged satellite nations to open economic open economic political systems political systems

(1.) Poland and Hungary (1.) Poland and Hungary voted out voted out Communism and Communism and became democraticbecame democratic

III. Germany reunites, 1989III. Germany reunites, 1989

A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to escape into Austria in order to get into escape into Austria in order to get into West GermanyWest Germany

1. East Germany closed all its borders (no 1. East Germany closed all its borders (no one in or out)one in or out)

a. Riots and demonstrations broke out a. Riots and demonstrations broke out

III. Germany reunites, 1989III. Germany reunites, 1989

A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to escape into Austria in order to get into escape into Austria in order to get into West GermanyWest Germany

1. East Germany closed all its borders (no 1. East Germany closed all its borders (no one in or out)one in or out)

a. Riots and demonstrations broke out a. Riots and demonstrations broke out

2. November 9, 1989 opened the Berlin 2. November 9, 1989 opened the Berlin WallWall

a. families reunited and discovered a. families reunited and discovered the inequality and corruption they the inequality and corruption they had been living underhad been living under

(1)Communist government (1)Communist government was forced to was forced to resignresign

Film Clip: Film Clip: Changes with Soviet Changes with Soviet BlocBloc

III. Germany reunites, 1989III. Germany reunites, 1989A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to A. Hungary began allowing East Germans to

escape into Austria in order to get into escape into Austria in order to get into West GermanyWest Germany

1. East Germany closed all its borders (no 1. East Germany closed all its borders (no one in or out)one in or out)

a. Riots and demonstrations broke out a. Riots and demonstrations broke out 2. November 9, 1989 opened the Berlin Wall2. November 9, 1989 opened the Berlin Wall a. families reunited and discovered the a. families reunited and discovered the

inequality and corruption they had inequality and corruption they had been living underbeen living under

(1)Communist government (1)Communist government was forced to was forced to resignresign

3. October 3, 1990 Germany reunited under 3. October 3, 1990 Germany reunited under democracy with permission of the United democracy with permission of the United NationsNationsa. East Germany had be completely a. East Germany had be completely rebuiltrebuiltb. Czechoslovakia and Romania become b. Czechoslovakia and Romania become democratic soon after democratic soon after

IV. The Soviet Union CollapsesIV. The Soviet Union Collapses

A. 1990 Lithuania declares A. 1990 Lithuania declares independenceindependence

1. USSR attacked unarmed 1. USSR attacked unarmed civilians civilians fearing other fearing other republics would secederepublics would secede

B. The August Coup B. The August Coup

1. Gorbachev resigns 1. Gorbachev resigns (demanded)(demanded)

2. Boris Yeltsin becomes 2. Boris Yeltsin becomes leaderleader

Pair-SharePair-ShareWhat do you What do you

predict will predict will happen to happen to the Soviet the Soviet Union?Union?

IV. The Soviet Union CollapsesIV. The Soviet Union Collapses

A. 1990 Lithuania declares A. 1990 Lithuania declares independenceindependence

1. USSR attacked unarmed civilians 1. USSR attacked unarmed civilians fearing other republics would secedefearing other republics would secede

B. The August Coup B. The August Coup

1. Gorbachev resigns (demanded)1. Gorbachev resigns (demanded)

2. Boris Yeltsin becomes leader2. Boris Yeltsin becomes leader

3. By December all 15 republics 3. By December all 15 republics declared independence declared independence

The artist for this cartoon uses the symbol of the USSR, the hammer and sickle.

In 1991, the USSR (hammer and sickle) has been smashed into 15 pieces.

Each piece of the broken symbol represents one of the 15 Soviet republics, which became independent of the dominant Russian Republic.

The Cold The Cold War War is is

over!over!

Film Clip: Film Clip: The Hoff-Berlin WallThe Hoff-Berlin Wall

Class Notes / Learning Log / Textbook Notes Summary, Reflection, Analysis

For homework, create at least one question per chunk of information related to the notes on the right side.

Topic:

Name: Class: Period Date:

Sample Cornell Note Paper

Communism Fails

Write a paragraph Summary