Collecting and ManagingBuilding Data

Jorge OrtizActionWebs Weekly Meeting

September 1, 2010

Buildings large electrical energy consumer

• 72% of electrical consumption, 40% of total consumption, 42% of GHG footprint

• 370 B$ in US annual utility bill• 9.5% of GDP in bldg

construction/renovation• Primarily Coal generation• 10-20% of the energy is wasted1

– Visibility and intelligence can help reduce waste2

2

Electricity source

Coal consumption by sector

1 K. W. Roth et al., Energy Impact of Commercial Building Controls and Performance Diagnostics, TIAX (http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/corporate/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf, 2005).

Talk overview

• Building energy management goals• Cory Hall project• Simple Monitoring and Actuation Protocol

(sMAP)– Live, raw data

• Integrated Sensor-Stream Storage System (IS4)– Live, raw, contextualized and processed

• Current state and future work

Power proportionalityin buildings

• Uncover underlying energy usage– What are the usage patterns and models?

• Uncover available energy– How much energy is available?

• Electric, solar, wind, etc.

– How much does it cost? Etc.

• Shed unnecessary waste– Define efficiency metrics

• Schedule the remaining load– Optimization

REPEAT

Uncovering each layer

5

CT: mains power monitoring

Panel 1 Panel 2

A

B

A

B

Panel 1 Panel 2

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A1

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panel level power monitoring

ACme: plug load energy monitor and

controller

Temperature

Humidity

Vibration

Pressure

Load TreeClimate Plant

Environments & Activity

Electrical

Weather

GeographicalWater

EnvironmentalStructuralActuator

Occupancy

sMAP

Modeling

Visualization

ContinuousCommissioning

Control

PersonalFeedback

DebuggingStorage LocationAuthentication

Actuation

App

licat

ions

Phy

sica

l Inf

orm

atio

nUniform Representation of

Physical Data

sMAP Overview

• Simple Monitoring and Action Profile• JSON data format for measuring,

sensing, and metering• HTTP/Restful interface to each sensor

or meter

Term DescriptionSensing sampling an instantaneous

physical quantity.Metering determining the integral of some

physical quantity over time.measurement point

Refers to a single physical point of instrumentation.

measurement channel

Measurement devices often derive multiple values from a single instrumentation point.

TinyOS/BLIP

HTTP Engine

Application Interface

802.15.4 Link

6lowpan HC

HYDRO Routing

TCP

Capturing electric load treeElectrical Physical

Humidity

PAR/TSR

Temperature

Panel 1 Panel 2

A

B

A

B

Panel 1 Panel 2

A

B

A

B

1

5

9

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25

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A1

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A2

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B2

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A1

5

9

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1

5

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A2

6

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B2

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B

Circuit/breaker panel level power monitoring

Vibration

Load Tree

CT mains power monitoring

ACme: plug load energy monitor and controller

Data-Metadata BindNaming

GET

{ "status": "success", "pubid": "68060935-1457-414c-b330-

e2220969d970", "properties": { "formatting": { "UnitofTime": "second", "UnitofMeasure": "kW", "Divisor": 10, "MeterType": "electric", "Version": 1,

… }

REPLY

Main

xformhttp://is4/cory/lt /main/devices/C3/true_power

Cory Hall Load TreeRESTful access

Capturing context

Chiller

Pump

Chiller

Pump

AHUSF EF

Vent Vent

Zone

HVAC namespace

/<building>/hvac/hvac_wet/<CT_source>

/devices/<device>

/<publisher>

/<pump_source>/devices

/<device>

/<publisher>/<Chiller_source>

/devices

/<device>

…

Namespace for spaces

/<building>/spaces/<floor>

/<area>

/devices

/<device>

/<publisher>

/<room>

/devices

/<device>

/<publisher>

/<area>

/devices

/<device>

/<publisher>

…

Hierarchical composition

• Resource node hierarchy rules for each namespace– i.e. Room may have area child but not a floor child

• Some resource have “devices” child• “devices” contain device instances• Device instances contain publishers

– Publisher map to sMAP “measurement points”• Namespaces combined through measurement

devices

Combining namespaces

Combining query facilities

IS4 ArchitecturalOverview

HumidityPAR/TSRTemperature VibrationCT mains power monitoring

ACme: plug load energy monitor and controller

Publish

Subscribe

Storage

HTTP/REST

Publish Manager

Subscribe Manager

Metadata Manager

Query Processor

Data processing Security Manager

IS4

Subscribe

Subscribe

JSON

JSON

JSON

JSON

Current state

• 69 raw stream sources available (sMAP)• 55 contextualized stream sources available

(IS4)• IS4 release available for download

– Version 2.0 to be released in a few weeks

(Near) future work

• Direct all sMAP feeds through IS4• Integrate modeling with querying features• Automatic device configuration

Questions

• More information– http://is4server.com– Quickstart tutorial:

http://smote.cs.berkeley.edu:8000/tracenv/wiki/is4_quickstart

– jortiz@cs.berkeley.edu