college student developement presentation
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The International Student ExperienceThe International Student ExperienceHanju Kang
Dave Nguyen
Leigh Viscomi
Hanju Kang
Dave Nguyen
Leigh Viscomi
Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
What is an international student? Theory Previous Research Support Services Model Application of Theory/Model Learning Outcomes
What is an international student? Theory Previous Research Support Services Model Application of Theory/Model Learning Outcomes
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
At the end of this presentation, participants will: Know the definition of an international student Define the student experience for international
students Apply previous research about international
students to improve current program offerings Understand the needs of international students
At the end of this presentation, participants will: Know the definition of an international student Define the student experience for international
students Apply previous research about international
students to improve current program offerings Understand the needs of international students
International StudentInternational Student
A college student, typically in early adulthood, who: Is not a citizen or permanent resident of the
United States but is enrolled in an American higher education institution.
Needs to be authorized for study in United States by holding a valid Study Permit/F-1 Visa
A college student, typically in early adulthood, who: Is not a citizen or permanent resident of the
United States but is enrolled in an American higher education institution.
Needs to be authorized for study in United States by holding a valid Study Permit/F-1 Visa
TheoryTheory
International students are likely to have a positive college experience if they are able to balance their own ethnic identity with American culture through assistance from college support services.
International students are likely to have a positive college experience if they are able to balance their own ethnic identity with American culture through assistance from college support services.
Previous ResearchPrevious Research
Phinney’s Model of Ethnic Identity Development
Schossberg’s Transition Theory Oberg’s Theory of Cultural Adjustment
Phinney’s Model of Ethnic Identity Development
Schossberg’s Transition Theory Oberg’s Theory of Cultural Adjustment
Jean Phinney (1990)Jean Phinney (1990)
Ethnic identity develops from the shared culture, religion, geography, & language that individuals share
Focus is on how individuals come to understand the implications of their ethnicity and make decisions about its role in their lives, regardless of the extent of their ethnic involvement
Ethnic identity develops from the shared culture, religion, geography, & language that individuals share
Focus is on how individuals come to understand the implications of their ethnicity and make decisions about its role in their lives, regardless of the extent of their ethnic involvement
2 Major Conflicts2 Major Conflicts
Conflict 1: Stereotypes and prejudice Conflict 2: Clash of values
Conflict 1: Stereotypes and prejudice Conflict 2: Clash of values
3 Stages3 Stages
Diffusion-Foreclosure Ethnicity not explored
Moratorium Increasingly aware of ethnicity and seeks more
information Identity Achievement:
Healthy and secure sense of ethnic identity
Diffusion-Foreclosure Ethnicity not explored
Moratorium Increasingly aware of ethnicity and seeks more
information Identity Achievement:
Healthy and secure sense of ethnic identity
Nancy Schlossberg (1984)Nancy Schlossberg (1984)
3 Types of Transitions Anticipated Unanticipated Non-events
4 S’s Situation Self Support Strategies
3 Types of Transitions Anticipated Unanticipated Non-events
4 S’s Situation Self Support Strategies
Kalervo Oberg (1960)Kalervo Oberg (1960)
Four stages of emotional reactions related to cross-cultural adjustment Honeymoon stage Crisis Stage Recovery Stage Adjustment Stage
Four stages of emotional reactions related to cross-cultural adjustment Honeymoon stage Crisis Stage Recovery Stage Adjustment Stage
Support ServicesSupport Services
Counseling Center Residential Life Academic Advisor Health & Wellness Writing/Tutoring Center Spiritual Life Language Center Career Center
Counseling Center Residential Life Academic Advisor Health & Wellness Writing/Tutoring Center Spiritual Life Language Center Career Center
Support ServicesSupport Services
Since foreign students are often overlooked, employees at a university writing center need to become aware of specials needs of non-native English Speakers (Hall, 2001)
Since foreign students are often overlooked, employees at a university writing center need to become aware of specials needs of non-native English Speakers (Hall, 2001)
Support Services
Academic RigorAcademic Rigor
This is often a key consideration for international students when selected an institution.
This is often a key consideration for international students when selected an institution.
Academic Rigor
Office of International StudentsOffice of International Students
Financial pressure is one of the most significant issues facing international students.
Students did not frequently use this resource
Financial pressure is one of the most significant issues facing international students.
Students did not frequently use this resource
Office of International
Students
OrientationOrientation
According to the study of the Center for Teaching and Learning, international students don’t have an understanding of what will be required in American class.
According to the study of the Center for Teaching and Learning, international students don’t have an understanding of what will be required in American class.
Orientation
Establishing Meaningful RelationshipsEstablishing Meaningful Relationships
It was found that international students who spent more leisure time with Americans were significantly better adapted than those who spent more time with non-Americans (Surdan & Collins, 1984)
It was found that international students who spent more leisure time with Americans were significantly better adapted than those who spent more time with non-Americans (Surdan & Collins, 1984)
Establishing Meaningful
Relationships
Loyalty to Ethnic ValuesLoyalty to Ethnic Values
Maintaining a sense of self and where the student is from. Enriching the campus
Maintaining a sense of self and where the student is from. Enriching the campus
Loyalty to Ethnic Values
Student ExperienceStudent Experience
Series of experiences that make up the college experience. Positive student experiences often lead to retention.
Series of experiences that make up the college experience. Positive student experiences often lead to retention.
Student Experience
International Student ModelInternational Student Model
Office of International
Students
Academic Rigor
Support Services
Loyalty to Ethnic Values
Student Experience
OrientationEstablishing Meaningful
Relationships
Adapted From: Bradley (2000); Hall (2001); Valdiriz (1982)
International Student ModelInternational Student Model
Office of International
Students
Academic Rigor
Support Services
Loyalty
to
Ethnic
Val
ues
Student
Experience
Establishing Meaningful
Relationships
Stu
den
t
Exp
erie
nce
International Student ModelInternational Student Model
Office of International
Students
Support Services
Loyalty to Ethnic Values
Student
Experience
Orientation
Establishing
Meaningful
Relationships
Application of Theory/ModelApplication of Theory/Model
Faculty/Staff Training Knowledge of support services
Student Peers Understanding & openmindness Community expectations
Institution Commitment to diversity
Faculty/Staff Training Knowledge of support services
Student Peers Understanding & openmindness Community expectations
Institution Commitment to diversity
Learning ReconsideredLearning Reconsidered
Relationships make the “map” come alive. Student Outcomes Focusing on student learning outside of the
classroom
Relationships make the “map” come alive. Student Outcomes Focusing on student learning outside of the
classroom
Review and ApplicationReview and Application
International students have different needs and dilemmas than traditional US-based students
Universities should provide supports services to better student experiences and for retention
The University community should promote the diversity and cultural richness international students bring to campus
Utilize previously performed research to better integrate international students
International students have different needs and dilemmas than traditional US-based students
Universities should provide supports services to better student experiences and for retention
The University community should promote the diversity and cultural richness international students bring to campus
Utilize previously performed research to better integrate international students
ReferencesReferences
ACPA/NASPA (2004). Learning Reconsidered: A campus-wide focus on the student experience.
Bradley, G. (2000). Responding Effectively to the Mental Health Needs of International Students, Higher Education, 39(4), 417-433.
Hall, H. (2001). When background matter: three writing center employees' views on ESL students, paper presented at the annual meeting of the conference on college composition and communication in Denver, CO, March, 14-17, 2001.
Surdan, J. C. & Collins, J. R.(1984). Adaptation of International Students: A cause for concern, Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(3), 240-245.
Valdiriz, J. E. (1982). Foreign Students' Language Proficiency, their Perceptions of Language Adequacy and their performance at the Graduate level, Doctoral dissertation, The University of Michigan.
ACPA/NASPA (2004). Learning Reconsidered: A campus-wide focus on the student experience.
Bradley, G. (2000). Responding Effectively to the Mental Health Needs of International Students, Higher Education, 39(4), 417-433.
Hall, H. (2001). When background matter: three writing center employees' views on ESL students, paper presented at the annual meeting of the conference on college composition and communication in Denver, CO, March, 14-17, 2001.
Surdan, J. C. & Collins, J. R.(1984). Adaptation of International Students: A cause for concern, Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(3), 240-245.
Valdiriz, J. E. (1982). Foreign Students' Language Proficiency, their Perceptions of Language Adequacy and their performance at the Graduate level, Doctoral dissertation, The University of Michigan.
Thank YouThank You
Any Questions?Any Questions?