collision regs lrg

Grunt Productions 2007

INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS REGULATIONS

FOR FOR PREVENTING COLLISION AT PREVENTING COLLISION AT

SEASEA


Collision RegulationsCollision Regulations


General PointsGeneral Points

Every vessel has a responsibility to avoid Every vessel has a responsibility to avoid collisions.collisions.

If every vessel follows the rules, there cannot be a If every vessel follows the rules, there cannot be a collision.collision.

Even if these rules require another vessel to keep Even if these rules require another vessel to keep out of your way, you must be ready to take action out of your way, you must be ready to take action yourself.yourself.

If you are in a collision, you will always be partly If you are in a collision, you will always be partly to blame. to blame.


General PointsGeneral Points

All actions must be clear, in good time, and large All actions must be clear, in good time, and large enough so other vessels will understand your enough so other vessels will understand your intentions. intentions.

Generally alterations of course are more obvious Generally alterations of course are more obvious than alterations of speed, but never hesitate to than alterations of speed, but never hesitate to slow down to give yourself thinking time or more slow down to give yourself thinking time or more room.room.


Night VisionNight Vision

At night keep lighting within your own vessel to a At night keep lighting within your own vessel to a minimum; it preserves your night vision. minimum; it preserves your night vision.

Only use spotlights where it is vital to pick up an Only use spotlights where it is vital to pick up an unlit object (mooring buoys for instance).unlit object (mooring buoys for instance).

Respect other people’s night vision.Respect other people’s night vision.


Night VisionNight Vision


Extra Care at NightExtra Care at Night Many navigation aids are unlit, and there are many Many navigation aids are unlit, and there are many

other potential hazards, so keep your speed down.other potential hazards, so keep your speed down.


CCGA-P RequirementsCCGA-P Requirements

The CCGA-P requires that at all times:The CCGA-P requires that at all times:

1. radar, if available, is to be in use, unless alongside 1. radar, if available, is to be in use, unless alongside another vesselanother vessel

2. appropriate navigation lights are displayed2. appropriate navigation lights are displayed

3. If in doubt stop, assess, plan3. If in doubt stop, assess, plan


Section I - Rules 4 to10Section I - Rules 4 to10

Conduct of Vessels in Any Type of VisibilityConduct of Vessels in Any Type of Visibility


Rule 5 - LookoutRule 5 - Lookout

You must keep a good lookout with eyes and ears at You must keep a good lookout with eyes and ears at all times. all times.

This includes poor visibility and nighttime. This includes poor visibility and nighttime.


Rule 6 - Safe SpeedRule 6 - Safe Speed

You should travel at a speed that gives you adequate You should travel at a speed that gives you adequate time to assess and plan the manoeuvre to avoid time to assess and plan the manoeuvre to avoid collision.collision.

Some of the factors that might cause you to slow Some of the factors that might cause you to slow down are:down are: visibility, visibility, volume of traffic, volume of traffic, background lighting, background lighting, water depth water depth


Rule 7 - Risk of CollisionRule 7 - Risk of Collision

Frequently assess all the vessels in the vicinity Frequently assess all the vessels in the vicinity of your vessel to see if they are likely to come of your vessel to see if they are likely to come close.close.

If the compass bearing of another vessel does If the compass bearing of another vessel does not change much, i.e. is steady, you are on, or not change much, i.e. is steady, you are on, or nearly on, a collision course.nearly on, a collision course.

A bearing (true or compass) is the ONLY way A bearing (true or compass) is the ONLY way to assess risk of collision. to assess risk of collision.


Rule 8 - Action to Avoid CollisionRule 8 - Action to Avoid Collision

Any action you now take, must comply with these Any action you now take, must comply with these rules, and must be obvious to the other vessel, and rules, and must be obvious to the other vessel, and result in the two vessels passing well clear of each result in the two vessels passing well clear of each other.other.


Rule 9 - Narrow ChannelsRule 9 - Narrow Channels

In narrow channels, all vessels should keep to the starboard In narrow channels, all vessels should keep to the starboard side of the channel.side of the channel.


Rule 10 - Traffic Separation SchemesRule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes

Traffic shall follow the traffic separation scheme where one is designated.Traffic shall follow the traffic separation scheme where one is designated. Where you are outside it, you should avoid it.Where you are outside it, you should avoid it. If you have to cross it you have to cross it as near right angles as possible.If you have to cross it you have to cross it as near right angles as possible. A vessel less than 20 metres in length shall not impede a ship in a separation scheme.A vessel less than 20 metres in length shall not impede a ship in a separation scheme.



Good courses in or near separation schemes



Bad courses in or near separation schemes


Section II - Rules 11 to 18Section II - Rules 11 to 18

Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One AnotherConduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another


Collision RegulationsCollision RegulationsSection II - Conduct of vessels in sight of one Section II - Conduct of vessels in sight of one

anotheranother• Rule 11 ApplicationRule 11 Application

• Rule 12 Sailing VesselsRule 12 Sailing Vessels

• Rule 13 OvertakingRule 13 Overtaking• Rule 14 Head-onRule 14 Head-on• Rule 15 Crossing SituationsRule 15 Crossing Situations• Rule 16 Action by the Give-way VesselRule 16 Action by the Give-way Vessel• Rule 17 Action by the Stand-on VesselRule 17 Action by the Stand-on Vessel

• Rule 18 Responsibilities Between VesselsRule 18 Responsibilities Between Vessels


Rule 12 - Sailing VesselsRule 12 - Sailing Vessels

Wind on different sidesWind on different sides When sailing vessels have When sailing vessels have

the wind on different sides, the wind on different sides, the vessel that has the wind the vessel that has the wind on the port side shall keep on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.out of the way of the other. A keeps clear of B.A keeps clear of B.

Wind

A B



If a sailing vessel with the If a sailing vessel with the wind on the port side sees a wind on the port side sees a sailing vessel to windward sailing vessel to windward and cannot determine with and cannot determine with certainty whether the other certainty whether the other sailing vessel has the wind sailing vessel has the wind on the port or starboard side, on the port or starboard side, it shall keep out of the way.it shall keep out of the way.



Wind on the same sidesWind on the same sides When both sailing vessels When both sailing vessels

have the wind on the same have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is the side, the vessel which is the closest to the wind closest to the wind (windward) shall keep out (windward) shall keep out of the way of the vessel of the way of the vessel which is to leeward.which is to leeward. B keeps clear of A.B keeps clear of A.

Wind

B

A


Rule 13 - OvertakingRule 13 - Overtaking

This rule overrides all the other give-way rules.This rule overrides all the other give-way rules. The overtaking vessel (even if sailing) must keep out of the The overtaking vessel (even if sailing) must keep out of the

way of the vessel being overtaken.way of the vessel being overtaken. You can pass on either side of the vessel, but keep well You can pass on either side of the vessel, but keep well

clear – the other vessel may not have seen you.clear – the other vessel may not have seen you. If you are being overtaken, hold your course and speed until If you are being overtaken, hold your course and speed until

the other vessel is past and well clear.the other vessel is past and well clear.


Rule 14 - Head onRule 14 - Head on

Both vessels must alter course to Both vessels must alter course to starboardstarboard.. If the other vessel turns the wrong way, you should turn even If the other vessel turns the wrong way, you should turn even

more to more to starboardstarboard, slow down, or stop your vessel., slow down, or stop your vessel.


Rule 15 - Crossing SituationRule 15 - Crossing Situation

If the other vessel is on your If the other vessel is on your starboardstarboard side it has right of way side it has right of way and you must keep clear: you must either turn to and you must keep clear: you must either turn to starboardstarboard, slow , slow down to let the other vessel pass ahead of you – or do both.down to let the other vessel pass ahead of you – or do both.

A gives way to BA gives way to B

A

B


Rule 15 - Crossing SituationRule 15 - Crossing Situation

If the other vessel is on your If the other vessel is on your portport side, you have right of way and side, you have right of way and should hold your course and speed. However, if you think the should hold your course and speed. However, if you think the other vessel is leaving it too late, you have to take action yourself. other vessel is leaving it too late, you have to take action yourself. The “right rule” still applies: if you alter course, alter to The “right rule” still applies: if you alter course, alter to starboardstarboard. Or you can slow down, or do both.. Or you can slow down, or do both.

A

B


Rules 13-15: Vessels in Sight andRules 13-15: Vessels in Sight andin Risk of Collision (Review)in Risk of Collision (Review)

HEAD ON OVERTAKING CROSSING

Description Meeting on reciprocal courses, masthead lights in line, both sidelights visible.

Overtaking another vessel more than 22.5 abaft the beam, at night only the sternlight visible.

Two vessels crossing, risk of collision exists.

Action Both vessels turn to starboard to pass port-to-port.

Overtaking vessel keeps out of the way on the overtaken vessel.

The vessel which holds the other on her starboard must keep out of the way of the stand-on vessel.


Rule 16: Give-way VesselRule 16: Give-way Vessel Take early and substantial action to stay out of the Take early and substantial action to stay out of the

way of the stand-on vessel.way of the stand-on vessel.


Rule 17: Stand-on VesselRule 17: Stand-on Vessel Maintain course and speed.Maintain course and speed. Sound 5 short rapid blasts.Sound 5 short rapid blasts. Take action if the give-way is not taking Take action if the give-way is not taking

substantial action to avoid collision.substantial action to avoid collision. If risk of collision exists and if circumstances If risk of collision exists and if circumstances

allow, avoid altering course to port.allow, avoid altering course to port. If collision is If collision is imminentimminent, any action that will , any action that will

avoid collision or mitigate it, is permitted.avoid collision or mitigate it, is permitted.


Rule 18: ResponsibilitiesRule 18: ResponsibilitiesBetween VesselsBetween Vessels

Vessels in order of priorityVessels in order of priority Vessel not under commandVessel not under command Restricted in ability to maneuverRestricted in ability to maneuver Vessel constrained by draftVessel constrained by draft Vessel engaged in fishingVessel engaged in fishing Sailing vesselsSailing vessels Power driven vesselsPower driven vessels SeaplanesSeaplanes


Rule 18 - Power meets sailRule 18 - Power meets sail

In general, power vessels have to keep out of the way In general, power vessels have to keep out of the way of sailing and fishing vessels, and vessels that are of sailing and fishing vessels, and vessels that are hampered by such tasks as dredging, cable laying and hampered by such tasks as dredging, cable laying and so on.so on.


Operating ruleOperating rulePort:Port: If a power-If a power-driven vessel driven vessel approaches within approaches within this sector this sector maintain your maintain your course and speed course and speed with caution.with caution.

Starboard: If any vessel approaches within this sector, keep out of its way. (Note: This rule may not always apply if one or both vessels are sailboats.)

Stern: If any vessel approaches this sector, maintain your course and speed with caution.


The RIGHT ruleThe RIGHT rule

The RIGHT rule is:The RIGHT rule is: look to the right;look to the right; give way to the right;give way to the right; turn to the right; and turn to the right; and stay to the right.stay to the right.


Section III - Rule 19Section III - Rule 19

Conduct of Vessels in Restricted VisibilityConduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility


Rule 19 - Restricted VisibilityRule 19 - Restricted Visibility

Restricted visibility any condition that reduces Restricted visibility any condition that reduces visibility, and includes fog, heavy rain, snow, visibility, and includes fog, heavy rain, snow, hail, sandstorms, etc.hail, sandstorms, etc.

Fog is common on the coast of British Fog is common on the coast of British Columbia. A good lookout becomes even Columbia. A good lookout becomes even more vital. more vital.

Slow down and be ready to stop if you sight Slow down and be ready to stop if you sight another vessel or hear a fog signal.another vessel or hear a fog signal.


Rule 19: Restricted VisibilityRule 19: Restricted Visibility

This rule applies when navigating in or NEAR an This rule applies when navigating in or NEAR an area of restricted visibility.area of restricted visibility.


Rule 19: Restricted VisibilityRule 19: Restricted Visibility

For fog signals heard forward of the beam, reduce For fog signals heard forward of the beam, reduce speed to minimum steerageway and navigate speed to minimum steerageway and navigate cautiously.cautiously.

Actions to take on hearing a fog signal forward of Actions to take on hearing a fog signal forward of the beam can shown as:the beam can shown as:


Part C - Lights and ShapesPart C - Lights and Shapes


Navigation LightsNavigation Lights

Vessels that operate from sunset to sunrise, whether at anchor or Vessels that operate from sunset to sunrise, whether at anchor or underway, must carry and exhibit the correct lights. underway, must carry and exhibit the correct lights.

A vessel is underway when not anchored, moored to the shore A vessel is underway when not anchored, moored to the shore or aground.or aground.

Navigation lights must also be displayed during daylight hours Navigation lights must also be displayed during daylight hours in periods of restricted visibility. in periods of restricted visibility.

All vessels must comply with the regulations concerning All vessels must comply with the regulations concerning lighting.lighting.


Navigation LightsNavigation Lights

1. Masthead light1. Masthead light

2. Port side light2. Port side light

3. Starboard side light3. Starboard side light

4. Stern light4. Stern light

5. Towing light5. Towing light


Navigation ShapesNavigation Shapes Vessels towing, and also on the towVessels towing, and also on the tow

Deep draft vesselsDeep draft vessels

Vessel under sails but using machinery to propelVessel under sails but using machinery to propel

Vessels at anchorVessels at anchor


Navigation ShapesNavigation Shapes

All fishing vesselsAll fishing vessels

In addition in the direction of her gear or netsIn addition in the direction of her gear or nets



Vessel not under commandVessel not under command

Vessel engaged Vessel engaged in mine clearancein mine clearance


Navigation ShapesNavigation Shapes Vessel restricted in ability to manoeuvreVessel restricted in ability to manoeuvre

Safe side to passSafe side to pass

Side with obstructionSide with obstruction



Vessel agroundVessel aground



Vessel operating diversVessel operating divers


Rule 32 - DefinitionsRule 32 - Definitions Rule 34 - Maneuvering and Warning SignalsRule 34 - Maneuvering and Warning Signals Rule 35 - Sound Signals in Restricted VisibilityRule 35 - Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility Rule 36 - Signals to Attract AttentionRule 36 - Signals to Attract Attention Rule 37 - Distress SignalsRule 37 - Distress Signals Annexes I -V Annexes I -V

Part D - Sound and Light SignalsPart D - Sound and Light Signals


Rule 32 - DefinitionsRule 32 - Definitions

Sound signals for Sound signals for signals of actionsignals of action Signals are sounded upon rudder orderSignals are sounded upon rudder order Exchanged by any vessel in proximity to Exchanged by any vessel in proximity to

another vesselanother vessel Exchanged if vessels are “in sight” and Exchanged if vessels are “in sight” and

maneuvering is requiredmaneuvering is required


Rule 32 - DefinitionsRule 32 - Definitions

Short Blast- about one second durationShort Blast- about one second duration Long Blast - 4-6 second durationLong Blast - 4-6 second duration


Rule 33 - Equipment for Sound Rule 33 - Equipment for Sound SignalsSignals

Vessels < 100m in length: whistle and bellVessels < 100m in length: whistle and bell Vessels >= 100m in length: whistle, bell, and gongVessels >= 100m in length: whistle, bell, and gong Vessels < 12m in length: some type of sound Vessels < 12m in length: some type of sound

signaling devicesignaling device


Rule 34 - Manoeuvring and Warning Rule 34 - Manoeuvring and Warning SignalsSignals

Sound signals can be used by any vessel to indicate Sound signals can be used by any vessel to indicate an action they are about to take:an action they are about to take: One short blastOne short blast:: I am altering course to I am altering course to

starboard.starboard. Two short blastsTwo short blasts:: I am altering course to port. I am altering course to port. Three short blastsThree short blasts:: My engines are going astern.My engines are going astern.



Five short blastsFive short blasts:: Officially - I am unsure of your intentions;Officially - I am unsure of your intentions; Practically - you are not following the rules;Practically - you are not following the rules; or “wake up you ***** idiot”.or “wake up you ***** idiot”.


Rule 34: Maneuvering and Rule 34: Maneuvering and Warning Signals - OvertakingWarning Signals - Overtaking

An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches another vessel more than An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches another vessel more than 22.522.5oo abaft the beam of the overtaken vessel. abaft the beam of the overtaken vessel.


Rule 34: Maneuvering and Warning Rule 34: Maneuvering and Warning Signals- CrossingSignals- Crossing

At night, the stand-on vessel sees the green sidelight of the give-way At night, the stand-on vessel sees the green sidelight of the give-way vessel, and the give-way vessel sees the red sidelight of the stand-on vessel, and the give-way vessel sees the red sidelight of the stand-on vessel.vessel.


Rule 34: Maneuvering and Rule 34: Maneuvering and Warning Signals - MeetingWarning Signals - Meeting

A meeting situation exists if two power vessels approach on A meeting situation exists if two power vessels approach on reciprocal or near reciprocal courses.reciprocal or near reciprocal courses.



Vessel shall sound one long blast when coming to Vessel shall sound one long blast when coming to blind turnblind turn


Rule 35 - Sound Signals in Rule 35 - Sound Signals in Restricted VisibilityRestricted Visibility

Power driven vessel underway and making way (T)Power driven vessel underway and making way (T)

Power driven vessel underway and not making way Power driven vessel underway and not making way (stopped in the water) (M)(stopped in the water) (M)



Vessel not under command, restricted in ability to Vessel not under command, restricted in ability to maneuver, sailing, fishing or towing (D)maneuver, sailing, fishing or towing (D)

Last vessel of a tow (B)Last vessel of a tow (B)



Pilot vessel on duty (H)Pilot vessel on duty (H)



Vessels at anchor, including vessel working at Vessels at anchor, including vessel working at anchoranchor

Bell ringing for 5 second.Bell ringing for 5 second. If more than 100 metersIf more than 100 meters

Bell ringing for 5 seconds forward then gong Bell ringing for 5 seconds forward then gong sounded for 5 seconds aft.sounded for 5 seconds aft.

In addition may sound (R)In addition may sound (R)



Vessels agroundVessels aground

Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds - Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds - Bell - Bell - Bell.Bell - Bell - Bell.

Vessel aground if more than 100 metersVessel aground if more than 100 meters

Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds - Bell - Bell- Bell -Bell ringing for 5 seconds - Bell - Bell - Bell, then gong sounded for 5 Bell - Bell - Bell, then gong sounded for 5 seconds aft.seconds aft.



Vessels less than 12 meters in length shall make an Vessels less than 12 meters in length shall make an efficient sound signal at least every 2 minutes.efficient sound signal at least every 2 minutes.


Rule 36 - Signals to Attract Rule 36 - Signals to Attract AttentionAttention

If a vessel needs to attract the attention of another If a vessel needs to attract the attention of another vessel she may use a searchlight to show direction of vessel she may use a searchlight to show direction of a danger.a danger.

However any signal must be such as not to be However any signal must be such as not to be confused with a navigational aid, so flashing lights confused with a navigational aid, so flashing lights or strobes are not to be used.or strobes are not to be used.


Rule 37 - Distress SignalsRule 37 - Distress Signals

. . . _ _ _ . . . (SOS)

MAYDAY Two tone alarmVHF-DSC

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