colombia: towards a climate smart agricultural sector low carbon development strategy for fruit...
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COLOMBIA: TOWARDS A CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL SECTORLOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FORFRUIT CROPS AND SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS
Andy Jarvis
1) Test and validate technological adaptation options
2) Support agriculture sector in adapting to climate events, including agro-climate risk management, through evaluation of crop models.
3) Support the closing of the production gaps by applying Specific-site agriculture techniques
4) Evaluate agro-environmentally production systems and potential environmental services payment schemes in order to incentive sustainable production systems.
Objetives
Agreement MADR-CIAT: Climate and agriculture sector
A climate smart sectorCl
imat
e re
silie
nce
Baseline
Adapted technologies
Adapted technologies
+Climate-specific
management
Adapted technologies
+Climate-specific
management+
Seasonal agroclimatic
forecasts
Adapted technologies
+Climate-specific
management+
Seasonal agroclimatic
forecasts+
Efficient resource use
+Enabling
environment NAPs and NAMAs
Climate smartness
Adapted technologies
+Climate-specific
management+
Seasonal agroclimatic
forecasts+
Efficient resource use
LEDS Colombia (MADS, DNP, MADR, IDEAM) is the main national framework in which the mitigation of climate change encounters agriculture
PROBLEM
38%
Agricultural participation in total annual emission
MADR-CIAT
More efficient land useMore efficient cattle systemMore area available for agriculture and natural vegetation
Alternatives: Improve pasture, silvopastoral systems and fruit crops
Expected outcomes
NAMASEcosystem services payment schemes
Alternatives detected by LEDS Colombia
Agricultural sector with real interest in mitigation, and large opportunities
Primary entry point through land-use – an actual case of a land sparing national policy! Both government and producer organizations aligned in strategy:
• Livestock from 40 mHa to 30 mHa• Croplands to increase by 3 mHa
Together with MinAgriculture we are looking currently at 3 NAMA strategies:• Reconversion of degraded pastures into high carbon, high value farming (fruits)• Pasture intensification to increase emissions efficiency over large areas of
unproductive pastures• Intensive silvopastoral systems in high potential areas to boost productivity and
generate huge environmental benefits
Pastures in Colombia
Fuente: IGAC
30.000.000 ha in pastures
8.000.000 ha in fallow
Pastures with problems associated with their current use
16.000.000 ha in pastures
Fuente: IGAC
1.542.000 ha
Area with mango feasibility
Fuente: CIAT & IGAC
Fuente: CIAT & IGAC
Area with avocado feasibility
2.462.000 ha
Area with fruit feasibility
Avocado, mango and citric7.874.000 ha
Fuente: CIAT & IGAC
Municipalities with identified potential
Together with supply chain actors and producer organisations municipalities with potential for expanding cultivated area have been identified.
Crop Area
Avocado Lorena 68.000 ha
Avocado Hass 170.400 ha
Mango 124.200 ha
Citric 29.000 ha
Total 391.600 ha
Carbon sequestration potential with100.000 degree days
Total absorción Mango Total absorción Aguacate
Total absorción Cítricos Total absorción Frutales0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Mill
ones
de
Ton
elad
as C
O2
eq
The sequestration in a year would be in average the 3.8% of the actual year emission of the sector.
Indicators Avocado Mango Total
Potential area (ha) 238.400 124.200 362.600
Total investment (Millions USD$) 711 308 1,019
O&M (Millions USD$) 3,380 1,597 4,977
Carbon capture(Millions de ton) (18) (59) (77)
Investment by ton C (USD$/ton) (39) (5)
Total cost per ton (USD$/ton) (226) (32)
% of the investment (USD$6.7/ton) 17% 128%
- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 (1,000)
(800)
(600)
(400)
(200)
-
Avocado Tolima Medium Avocado Tolima Large Avocado Cauca/Valle MediumAvocado Cauca/Valle Large Avocado Risaralda Large Avocado Caldas LargeAvocado Quindio Large Avocado Risaralda Medium Avocado Risaralda SmallAvocado Antioquia Medium Avocado Caldas Medium Avocado Caldas SmallAvocado Quindio Medium Avocado Quindio Small Avocado Antioquia LargeAvocado Antioquia Small Mango Valle Small Mango Valle LargeMango Cundinamarca Small Mango Cundinamarca Large Mango Cundinamarca MediumMango Costa Norte Large Mango Tolima Small Mango Tolima Large
Thousand tonnes of carbon saved/year
MA
C:
US
$/t
CO
2
Sistemas Silvopastoriles
Land Use for Cattle Systems
USO PRINCIPAL HECTAREASPastoreo intensivo de clima cálido PINc 53,982 Pastoreo intensivo de clima medio PINm
3,198.00
Pastoreo intensivo de clima frío PINf 6,976.00 Pastoreo semi intensivo de clima cálido PSIc 1,513,550Pastoreo semi intensivo de clima medio PSIm
38.65
Pastoreo semi intensivo de clima frío PSIf 8,388 Pastoreo extensivo de clima cálido PEXc 4,427,363 Pastoreo extensivo de clima medio PEXm 31,102 Pastoreo extensivo de clima frío PEXf 8,337 Silvopastoril SPA 9,101,192 Total 15,154,126
Fuente: IGAC
Resultados Preliminares
Kg CO2 equi/Kg de leche (FPCM)
Kg CO2 equi/Kg de leche (ECM)
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
2.88
2.34
3.40
2.80
Sistema de Lechería de Altura
Tradicional SSPi
62%
36%
2%
CH4N2OCO2
ECM: Corregido por Energía; FPCM: Corregido por proteína y grasa
Resultados Preliminares
SSPi
Tradicional
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
14.34
22.89
Sistema de carne Trópico bajo - L. leucocephala
Kg CO2 equi/Kg de carne
SSPi
Tradicional
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
17.82
25.44
Sistema de carne Trópico bajo - T. diversifolia
Kg CO2 equi/Kg de carne
60%
42%
Potential Silvopastoral Areas
Fuente: CIAT & CIPAV
Optimas: 5.2 Millones de ha
Work in progress to develop detailed NAMA for silvo-pastoral system, but benefits appear to be very high
Key Messages
• Plenty of opportunity in Colombia for climate smart agriculture win-wins
• Institutional and political will to invest in mitigation activities
• Potentially quite large carbon benefits, but also profitable – primary incentive is to increase productivity, with mitigation co-benefits
• Carbon markets could potentially bolster uptake, especially with regard to overcoming upfront investment costs which are an identified barrier
Final Considerations
“Tenemos 20 millones de hectáreas dedicadas a la ganadería y 5, a la agricultura; eso debe ser al revés. Impulsar la agricultura con productos que tengan futuro y el resto de la tierra dedicarla a la ganadería. Pero no podemos seguir teniendo un novillo por hectárea. Eso es lo que debe ocurrir.”
A. Iragorri MADR minister personal interview for El Tiempo 1st of Septiembre 2014)
Gracias!http://www.aclimatecolombia.org