colonial america 5
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
COLONIAL ECONOMIES
ECONOMY GREW As more people arrived economy grew Some items could only be exported to
England Export: to send goods to another
country to sell or trade Imported cloth, metal tools, glass and
machines from England Import: to bring goods from another
country for sale or use
COLONIAL ECONOMY
Agriculture: The business of farming
Agriculture major way of life for most colonists9 of 10 colonists made their living this way
Free Enterprise: An economic system in which a person may start any business they wish. They decide what to make, how much to produce, and what price to charge. Supply and Demand
Each region had its own Natural Resources
SOUTHERN COLONIES
SOUTHERN ECONOMY Hot humid climate good for growing cash
crops
Grew and exported tobacco, rice, and indigo
Indigo: used in dye – major cash crop
Large Plantations Developing: Depended on slavery to profit
SLAVERY IN SOUTH Made up the largest part of the economy
in South
Slave Codes: rules that took rights away from A.A.’s helped whites ‘control’ themNot allowed to practice religion, learn to
read, marry, or own propertyEventually made it legal to treat enslaved
people as animals
1 of 4 whites owned slaves in SouthPlanters owned over half of slaves in South
PLANTATIONS Much like a small village
Hundreds of people lived and worked
Page 239.
“Big House” – where the planter and family lived
House slaves – slaves that worked in the big house
Slave Row – small, run down cabins near fields where slaves lived
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PLANTERS
Planters were wealthy, enjoyed luxury
Most were men, some women
Life as a slave depended greatly on where you lived
Held high position in communityCould get the courts to agree that the
economy would fail with out slavery
THE SLAVE’S LIFE
Overseer – boss of the plantationBoss and punisher of slaves – often cruelOften indentured servant, or slaveSometimes got share of profitsForced slaves to work day and night, no
food/water
Dirty, back braking work in fields, took care of animals, cooked, cleanedSkilled workers made furniture, shoes, glass
A SLAVES LIFE CONT.
Owners would separate those who spoke the same languageCaptain William Smith, “By having some of
every sort on board, there will be no more likelihood of their succeeding in a plot.”
Work never really endedHad own chores to doFound time to talk, tell stories, sing songs
Secretly sent messages (to meet or escape) in songs
Secretly learned to read and later wrote about experiences
SLAVE REBELLION
Some refused to work – were killed
Worked slowly or broke tools
Some escapedHunted downBeaten, whipped, or killed
Planters feared slave rebellionWilling to die for freedomOrganized raids, burned houses, and killed
peoplePlanters strengthened slave codes to stop
rebellions
MIDDLECOLONIES
MIDDLE COLONIES
“Bread basket” of the colonies for growing so much wheat and corn
Looked South to the English colonies in the West Indies for a place to sell surplus grain
West Indies: needed grain to feed slavesHad good growing land, but used it all for cash
crops like sugarcane Jamaica and Barbados: colonists had huge farms
with hundreds of enslaved African workers
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
NEW ENGLAND ECONOMY Turned to thick forests and seas for living
Wood for ships, England was too expensive
Fishing and ship industry building best in world
Industry: all the businesses that make one kind of product or provide one kind of service
Triangular Trade: Port cities grew quickly
Did not rely on slavery
TRIANGULAR TRADE Go to the Map on Page 231
DrawYour ownVersion ofThis mapIn your Notes.
TRIANGULAR TRADE
Leg One: Boston, New YorkTraded rum, guns, tools
Leg Two: West AfricaTraded gold, ivory, African captives
Middle Passage: the middle part of the journey Thousands of Africans died on this journey
Leg Three: West IndiesTraded molasses (syrup made from sugar cane)Molasses then made into rum in N.A.
GO TO MAP ON PAGE 232
What were the major exports of the…
New England Colonies:Wood Products, fish, ships
Middle Colonies:Grain
Southern Colonies:Rice, Indigo, Tobacco
SUMMARY QUESTIONS
1. How did using the ocean help New England to grow and become successful?
2. Why do you think colonists wanted control of their own economy?
3. What do you believe will be the effect of colonists wanting to run their own economy?
4. What role did A.A.’s play in the South’s economy?