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  European settlers in the Americas brought withthem the planning and architecture of theirhomelands and modied them in reference to theclimates and resources of the regions in which they

settled.  The Spaniards were the rst to arrive, anddefensive works on the Caribbean slands formed theearliest token of European culture in America.

 Santo !omingo, founded in "#$% in the !ominicanrepublic is the rst permanent settlement tosurvived.

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• "&'(, )hilip * established a loose grid for towns,with central open +plaa- for public buildings and thechurch or cathedral, to represent the ecclesiasticaland secular order and plots for sale along the sidestreet.

• Establishing and maintaining settlements, churchesand monastery buildings are the most representativeconstructions of the "%th century atin America.

• "'th century Spanish missionaries in /ew 0e1ico,where indigenous techni2ues of adobe and woodalmost engulf the important style.

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• 3aro2ue and 4ococo styles in Spain and )ortugal weremimicked on the atin America during the "5th century,a period of grandeur in cities, ports and mining areas.

PETER HARRISON (1716-75) andTHOMAS JEFFERSON (1743-18266• 7ell8known architects in the English /orth Americancolonies. 7ere both gentlemen8amateurs.

• 9e:erson, the ;rancophile third president of the unitedstates, was inirginiaCapitol o:ered a model for many state capitols to bebuilt in "$th century.

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• >irginia Capitol

/TE4?4@

A64otunda 36 ?ld =ouse of !elegates Chamber C6 SenateChamber

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• niversity of >irginia * foreshadowed the American3eau18Arts academicism at the end of the century.

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• ROBERT ADAM – in

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• 4C=A4! )9?=/ "5GF8'56•  9A0ES 4E/7CH 94 "5"58$&6 

othic in /orth America secular buildings proved short8lived,having no more than a F& year lifespan from about "5#5.8 0ore popular in the nited States was the pictures2ue or+gardenes2ue- villa style associated with A.9. !A>S "5G(8$F6 and the landscapist A/!4E7 9ACHS?/ !?7// "5"&8

&F6.#$%&'*+',  artistic concept and style of the late "5th and

early "$th centuries characteried by a preoccupation withthe pictorial values of architecture and landscape incombination with each other.

)CT4ESJEK A4!E/ESJE@

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8 7ere the pioneer fabricators,and /ew Bork City the originalcenter of the cast8ironbuildings trade.

8  The e:ect of decorative

ironwork is notable in /ew?rleans, where from about"5&G double8decker cast8irongalleries were built in front ofhouses to ward o: the sun

instead of open single8storeyarcades.

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• 4C=A4! 0?44S =/T "5F'8$&6 *• the rst American to attend the Ecole des 3eau18Arts in

)aris.•

=unt-s own buildings are more academic than creative, buthe worked conspicuously for the aLuent classes of theilded Age and set the fashion for ;rench methods ofarchitectural education.

•

=S SCCES?4S@• =E/4B =?3S?/ 4C=A4!S?/ "5(585%6• C=A4ES 0CH0 "5#$8"$G$6• ?S S>A/ "5&%8"$F#68all attended Ecole "st architectural school in theS8set up at the 0assachusetts nstitute of

technology under 7.4. 7A4E in "5%' followed3eau18Arts lines8attended at the niversity of llinois developedthe erman model re

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 The +pictures2ue domestic Architecture- always strong in the S,developed on the East Coast after the American Civil 7ar awayfrom the inelegant, ;rench8in

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AST F !ECA!ES ?; T=E "$th CE/T4B @

•Structural E1periments and Achievement•Start of early development of the commercial MSkyscrapersN•Skyscrapers was made possible by new techni2ues forfoundations, steel8framing for superstructures, and the non8loading8bearing +curtain wall-•sed of Elevators or ift.

7A0 E 3A4?/ 9E//EB and !A/H0A4 A!E4 * were therst architects to master the techni2ues.

 9?=/ 7E3?4/ 4??T and ?S S>A/ * e1plore formal

and decorative solutions for this dramatic new building type.

O After "5$G the turning point of American Architecture,public buildings assumed an A1ial 3eau18 Arts lines foundfavor P houses too took on an air of symmetry and formality

foreshadowing the Colonial 4evival. The 3eau18Arts ethos inthe architecture was ideologically dominant throughout the

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