Colonialism & The Colonialism & The American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

SS.A.3.4.3; SS.C.1.4.1; SS.A.3.4.3; SS.C.1.4.1; SS.A.3.4.6SS.A.3.4.6

Colonialism In Latin AmericaColonialism In Latin America Portugal dominates BrazilPortugal dominates Brazil Spain controls most of South & Central Spain controls most of South & Central

America, and parts of North AmericaAmerica, and parts of North America– In Central & South America emerges a new In Central & South America emerges a new

civilization called Latin Americacivilization called Latin America Intermarriage between Spanish and Natives Intermarriage between Spanish and Natives

(mestizos)(mestizos) 8 million African slaves, intermarry (mulattoes)8 million African slaves, intermarry (mulattoes) Different races mixing brings multiculturalismDifferent races mixing brings multiculturalism

Spain & Portugal grow rich from American Spain & Portugal grow rich from American gold and silver, as well as farminggold and silver, as well as farming

Latin American EconomyLatin American Economy

Farming controlled by large land ownersFarming controlled by large land owners Natives work on large plantations for Natives work on large plantations for

Spanish and Portuguese, or small farmsSpanish and Portuguese, or small farms Raw materials shipped to Europe:Raw materials shipped to Europe:

– Sugar, diamonds, tobacco, animal hidesSugar, diamonds, tobacco, animal hides By 1700s, Britain and France establish By 1700s, Britain and France establish

small claims in Latin American marketsmall claims in Latin American market

Church & StateChurch & State

Lack of communication and travel Lack of communication and travel makes it hard for Spain & Portugal to makes it hard for Spain & Portugal to control Latin American colonies; local control Latin American colonies; local gov. have powergov. have power

Spain & Portugal wish to “Christianize” Spain & Portugal wish to “Christianize” Natives—Catholic Church plays big roleNatives—Catholic Church plays big role– Catholic Missionaries grouped natives into Catholic Missionaries grouped natives into

missions, where they could be taught missions, where they could be taught Christianity, trades, and grow cropsChristianity, trades, and grow crops

Women can be educated as nunsWomen can be educated as nuns

Britain & British North Britain & British North AmericaAmerica The United Kingdom of Great Britain= The United Kingdom of Great Britain=

England & Scotland (1707)England & Scotland (1707) King & Parliament share power, king King & Parliament share power, king

guides Parliament but most power guides Parliament but most power with PMwith PM

Hanover Dynasty (German), gains Hanover Dynasty (German), gains power, Parliament gains more powerpower, Parliament gains more power

Prime Minister William Pitt speaks for Prime Minister William Pitt speaks for middle class: “expand trade, empire”middle class: “expand trade, empire”

British government “controls” British government “controls” colonies, but Americans elect colonies, but Americans elect legislatures to run them, avoid British legislatures to run them, avoid British intrusion in their businessintrusion in their business

Revolution In The AirRevolution In The Air Britain wants to pay for Seven Years’ Britain wants to pay for Seven Years’

War by taxing American colonistsWar by taxing American colonists 1765: Stamp Act, repealed in 1766, 1765: Stamp Act, repealed in 1766,

but damage donebut damage done 1774: First Continental Congress, Philly1774: First Continental Congress, Philly 1775: Fighting begins at Lexington1775: Fighting begins at Lexington 1776: Second Continental Congress 1776: Second Continental Congress

declares independence, Thomas declares independence, Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Continental Army unorganized Continental Army unorganized

War For IndependenceWar For Independence

Many European powers see helping Many European powers see helping Americans as way to spite BritishAmericans as way to spite British– France: arms, money, officers for training; France: arms, money, officers for training;

king recognizes the United States (1778)king recognizes the United States (1778)– Spain & The Netherlands also offer supportSpain & The Netherlands also offer support

1781: General Cornwallis surrenders to 1781: General Cornwallis surrenders to General George Washington at YorktownGeneral George Washington at Yorktown

1783: Treaty of Paris ends war, 1783: Treaty of Paris ends war, establishes an independent American establishes an independent American statestate

Birth Of A New NationBirth Of A New Nation

13 American colonies are independent13 American colonies are independent– Each state looking out for itselfEach state looking out for itself

Deep fear of powerful central Deep fear of powerful central governmentgovernment– Little desire to unite into one countryLittle desire to unite into one country

Articles of Confederation, too weakArticles of Confederation, too weak 1787: Constitutional Congress meets in 1787: Constitutional Congress meets in

Philadelphia to write new rules for gov Philadelphia to write new rules for gov based on Enlightenment idealsbased on Enlightenment ideals

The Constitution of the United The Constitution of the United States of AmericaStates of America

Creates Creates federal systemfederal system where national where national and state governments share powerand state governments share power– National Government: raise taxes, army, National Government: raise taxes, army,

print money, regulate tradeprint money, regulate trade Checks & Balances: Executive, Checks & Balances: Executive,

Legislative and Judicial branches all Legislative and Judicial branches all have different roleshave different roles

Constitution must be ratified by at least Constitution must be ratified by at least nine states, many votes were very closenine states, many votes were very close

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights Many states would not ratify without itMany states would not ratify without it First 10 Amendments to ConstitutionFirst 10 Amendments to Constitution

– Freedoms: speech, press, assembly, Freedoms: speech, press, assembly, religion, petition, bear armsreligion, petition, bear arms

– Rights: trial by jury, due process of law, Rights: trial by jury, due process of law, against cruel and unusual punishment, against cruel and unusual punishment, against unlawful search and seizureagainst unlawful search and seizure

European intellectuals see American European intellectuals see American Constitution as the living ideal of Constitution as the living ideal of Enlightenment thinkingEnlightenment thinking

Work On It:

On page 540, write and answer questions 1, 2, 4, 5, & 6