colonization & expansion “it’s bad enough . . . when a...

“It’s bad enough . . . when a country gets colonized, but when the people do as well! That’s the end, really, that’s the end.”

― Tsitsi Dangarembga

Contents

1.Student Learning Objectives2.Applicable Common Core State Standards 3.Required Materials4.Background Information5.Spanish Exploration Document Based Question6.Present Day Connection7.Glossary

1. Student Learning Objectives

• Understanding of the various reasons for European colonization of the “New World”

• Analyze the positive and negative effects that result from interactions between countries.

• Understand how people’s values and experiences affect their contacts with people of other cultures

• Connect events from the this area of study to current geopolitical events

2. Applicable Common Core State Standards for Literacy

• RH.9-10.1• RH. 9-10.3• RH. 9-10.4• RH 9-10.6• RH. 9-10.7• RH. 9-10.9• WHST. 9-10. 1• WHST. 9-10. 4 • WHST 9-10.9• WHST 9-10.10

Colonization & Expansion

3. Required Materials

• Internet Access• Writing Materials• Colonization & Expansion Document Based Question

4. Background Information

The history of the United states begins with the peoples of Asia, Europe and Africa. Asiatic hunters and gathers became the first inhabitants of North America when they tracked their prey into the continent between 12,000 and 30,000 years ago. Over thousands of years, these first Americans developed diverse cultures adapted to the natural environment.

Europeans starting in the 1400s, came to North America for many reasons. They hoped to find riches, religious freedom, and adventure.

The Africans who came, on the other hand, left their homes in bondage. Both Europeans and Africans transplanted some of the Old World to the New World, but they reshaped their economic, political, and social structures to meet the demands of the varied landscape. In the vast area that seemed to offer freedom and opportunity for all free white men, the Europeans replaced traditional notions of hereditary monarchy and nobility with greater democracy and equality. Africans extended their family networks in America to ease the pain of slavery.

Europeans survived in America with the help of native people who introduced them to new crops such as corn and squash and to new ways of using the resources of the land. Many of these settlers prospered because of the labor of Africans in the tobacco and rice fields of the South and commercial success of the slave trade for northern merchants. Yet in the late 18th century, the new nation’s stated principles of democracy and the right to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” had not yet been extended to slaves and Native Americans. By 1783, in fact, when map makers drew the borders of the new nation on the globe, much of the native population had been destroyed by disease and by war with European settlers. The native cultures that were not destroyed were transformed forever.

A clash of cultures occurred in North America in the centuries following Columbus’s landing in the “New World.” Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans began creating a new nation, and in the process all three were transformed.


5. Spanish Colonization DBQ:

Students working on an individual basis, working with a partner, or in a small group must use Documents A-F to answer the Essential Question listed below.

Directions: The task is designed to test your ability to work with historical documents. As you analyze the documents, take into account both the source of the document and the author's point of view. For part A, look at each document and answer the questions after each document. For part B, use your answers to the questions to help write a well-organized essay.

Using the information from the documents and your knowledge of Social Studies answer the questions that follow each document in Part A.

Your answers to the questions will help you write the Part B essay in which you will be asked to:

• Give and explain AT LEAST 3 reasons why European explorers came to explore the land in the Western Hemisphere (the New World).

• Explain how the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors impacted the Native Americans of Central and South America

Part A: Short Answer

Directions: Analyze the documents and answer the questions that follow each document. Your responses will help you answer the Document Based Question in Part B


DOCUMENT 1

!

1.Why did De Soto, Coronado, and Cabrillo decide to explore the New World?

2.What was Ponce de Leon's reason for exploring?

3.What do you think De Soto, Cornado, and Cabrillo were looking for in the cities of Cibola?


DOCUMENT 2

Nicolas Le Challeux sailed from France with Captain Ribaut in 1565 and wrote about his adventures:

“The news of this voyage quickly spread…and many men were persuaded to serve under the command of this captain the King’s authority. They were moved by many reasons:…The rumor spread here that Florida promised an abundance (a great deal) of all that man might desire in the world…there was neither frost nor snow there, nor any northern cold, and it escaped the burning heat of the South. Without labor (hard work) or tillage (farming), the ground brought forth enough crops to feed all of the natives as well as those who had come to live there…

This country is also rich in gold and in all sorts of animals, both tame and wild…There are high hill, pleasant streams and rivers, and many kinds of trees fill the air with sweet scents”

1. Who is the author of this diary? What does he do? What is his job for France?

2. For what reasons did he, and others, come to the New World?


DOCUMENT 3

!Between 1576 and 1620 much gold and silver was exported to (sent to) Spain from the New World.

1.What was the smallest amount of silver and gold exported during that time? In what years was this amount exported?

2.What was the largest amount of silver and gold exported during that time? In what years was this amount exported?

3.What does the amount exported tell you about the reasons explorers continued to come to the New World?


DOCUMENT 4

!1. Who were the Conquistadors?

2. How did the Conquistadors view the Native Americans?

3. How did the arrival of the Conquistadors impact the Native Americans?


DOCUMENT 5

The historical drawing below shows a religious ceremony beginning outside of a Spanish mission in present-day Texas. Both other Europeans and Native Americans have stopped what they were doing to participate in the ceremony.

!

1.Who else came to the New World with the Conquistadors? Why did they come?

2.What religion was practiced at Missions? Who lived in the Missions?


DOCUMENT 6

The excerpt below is from a letter written by Father Kino, a Catholic Priest, to a friend back in Spain. The letter was written in 1687.

“In this large and very fertile vineyard of the Indian tribes that they call the Pimas, I have been able, with God’s help, to wash about three hundred Indians in the holy water of baptism…God willing, hundreds, and later, thousands will be gathered into the heart of our sweet, most holy, Mother Church…In this area where I am working, a mission has been established [set up], and…We are now in the process of building a new church…”

-Father Kino, Catholic Priest, 1687

$ $ Taken from The American Journey, McGraw Hill, 1998

1.Who is the author of this letter? What does he do?

2.Why did the Spanish explorers and the priests who came with the Conquistadors think that it was their job to convert the Native Americans to Christianity?


Part B Essay

Directions:

• Write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

• Use evidence from the documents to support your response. Use the Graphic Organizer provided to help you map out your response

• Include specific related outside information.

Historical Context: The first Europeans to explore the New World were looking for a water route to Asia in order to get spices, silks, gold, porcelain, and other riches. Though few explorers found a water-route to Asia, their voyages led to the discovery of "new land" in the Western Hemisphere. Once the New World was discovered, more and more explorers continued to venture out to this New World. Exploration brought many new things to the New World and from the New World to Europe, but the Columbian Exchange was not always positive. European exploration also changed the Native Americans way s of life, in ways that were not always for the best.

Task: Using the information from the documents and your knowledge of Social Studies answer the questions that follow each document in Part A. Your answers to the questions will help you write the Part B essay in which you will be asked to:

• Give and explain AT LEAST 3 reasons why European explorers came to explore the land in the Western Hemisphere (the New World).

• Explain how the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors impacted the Native Americans of Central and South America


6. Present Day Connections:

Make as many connections as possible between present day Spanish Culture and the Cultures of Latin America.

How do people from Spain view people from Latin America?


7. Glossary

I. Colonization: When a country sends settlers to a distant land and rules the settlements from afar

II. Colony: a territory controlled by another country. Example- New Spain was Spain's colony in the "New World."

III. Encomienda: Huge estates in New Spain that often included several Indian villages with wealthy Spanish settlers in charge.

IV. Fort: a very large farm where people grow crops to sell. Example- there were many plantations in New Spain.

V. Mission: Church or schools to teach about the Christian religion

VI. Plantation: a very large farm where people grow crops to sell. Example- there were many plantations in New Spain.

VII.Primary Sources: records made by people who saw or took part in an event. Example- Photographs, diaries, newspaper articles, and letters.

VIII.Pull Factors: things that pull people to a new area. Example- Job opportunities and the chance to own land are examples of pull factors.

IX. Push Factors: things that tend to push people out of a place.

X. Secondary Sources: records written by someone who was not present at the event. Example- textbooks are a secondary source.

XI. Settlement: a new community in a new place. Example- St. Augustine was an early Spanish settlement in what is now Florida.

XII.Tax” Money or property that a person must pay to the government.\
