Colonization of

North America

APUSH

The Beginnings, 1480s-90s• New Technologies

– Ships, sails, African exploration

• Purpose– 3Gs or 2Cs– 1490s, Exploration & making claims to New

World• Columbus sails for Portugal, 1492• Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494• Britain claims Nova Scotia, Newfoundland &

Great Banks

New Spain: Land of the Conquistador • Sought wealth via…

– Slave Labor– Search for Gold– Plantations

• St. Augustine, FL (1585)• Sought to Convert the

Natives– Missions = religious &

military outposts– Texas & California– Rigid Class Structure

New France: Central North America• Sought wealth via…

– Export Products: Fish & Fur– Plantations – Find faster trade routes

• Est’d Forts & Settlements– Canada, US , Haiti

• Sought Peaceful relations with NAs– Coureurs de bois

• Used slaves…

The Dutch & Swedes• The Dutch

– Fur Trade, W. Indies plantations

– NW Passage & Hudson River, 1609

– New Netherlands, 1623 (lNew York)

• The Swedes– Because everyone else

was doing it!– New Sweden (Delaware),

1638– New Stockholm (New

Jersey), 16??

Thus far all attempts at colonization had been

based on one economic system/idea:

MERCANTILISM

British Colonization: Central Coastof North America

• Initial Attempt-Roanoke, 1584• Virginia: Jamestown, 1607

– VA Company of London• 3 Types of colonies• Movement toward private

ownership• Virginia House of Burgesses,

1619– Royalized, 1624

• Plymouth, 1620– Religious/Company

• Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630– Religious/Company– John Winthrop’s vision: “A City on

A Hill”• St. Mary’s City, MD 1634

– Cecil Calvert (aka Lord Baltimore) & his “Maryland Designe”• Liberty of Conscience• No established religion

Early British-Native American Relations

• Clash over land interests– Powhatan– 1697 Federation (appointed by GB)

• War– 1st Anglo-Powhatan War 1609-14– 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War 1622-32– King Phillip’s War 1676-77

Early British-African Relations• Example of Anthony Johnson…

– http://www.aaheritageva.org/search/sites.php?site_id=532

– http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p265.html

Why the change?– We’ll discuss this further next week

Exit Slip/Reflection Qs (Answer & turn in later)• Identify & explain the three main

reasons for colonization• Analyze how Maryland was similar

and different from the other British North American colonies.

• Jot down two things that you learned that were new (things you think may be important)