Colonization

Reasons for European Reasons for European Exploration:Exploration:British (British (Great BritainGreat Britain))Great Britain (England) began sending explorers

to the New World in the 1580’s in search of exotic foods, wealth (gold), and mercantilism.

Mercantilism – Economic system based on the belief that a country could increase its wealth by exporting more than they import.

The British wanted to create colonies that would help produce raw materials (cotton, tobacco, forest products, etc.) that could be imported into Great Britain. British companies would then refine these products and sell the finished product back to the colonies at a higher rate.

Where we left off…1600:English

began permanent settlements along the Atlantic coast

English=#1

Whaaaaat? English Colonies?Why did they begin?

1.Religious refuge2.Economic Gains3.Bring Christianity to Natives4.New Start

Mercantilism: Trade policy where England should export more than it imported.

Jamestown 1607• Named after King James I• Flourished after settlers

discovered tobacco could grow in the area

• 104 settlers arrived too late for planting and malaria spread

• Left only 38 settlers

Tobacco led to a much needed labor force…Indentured Servant= Agreed to work for a set period of time in return for passage to the New Worldhttp://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos

Slave= Had few/no rights and spent entire life in service to others

James OglethorpeWell educated and wealthy

Always trying to help people that were in troubleUpset with harsh conditions of the

prison systems of EnglandoOglethorpe and 20 others began to

outline a plan that promised a new start in the New World

Thirteen Colonies

By the early 1700’s England had 12 colonies and the earliest- Virginia was already 120 years old!

Reasons for Settling GeorgiaJames Oglethorpe and his fellow

philanthropists asked King George II for a land grant and gave him three reasons why he should say yes:

1. Charity2. Military3. Economy

CharityIt would take the deserving poor from

England & give them a fresh start in a new colony.

MilitaryBy the 1720’s South Carolina was a very prodcutive colony but

no British lived south of the Savannah River because they did not want to anger the Spanish who lived in Florida.

If Georgia was settled it would be a protective buffer between Florida and South Carolina, as well as the French that were settling near the Mississippi.

France

EconomicBelieved Georgia had a good climate for

growing grapes & olives. If Georgia could produce resources, Britain would not need to buy silk thread, wine, or olive oil from other countries.

Charter of 1732Established Georgia as a trustee colony: 21

trustees (manager of another person’s property)

Latin for “Not for self, but for others”

• Set up boundaries• Stated that Trustees were to

manage the colony.• Excluded Catholics, blacks, liquor

sales, and lawyers• All regulations had to go through

King George II

All colonists were given 50 acres of land, tools, and food for a year

• Colonists agreed to…1.Defend the colony2.Not sell land3.Use tools to grow crops4.Plant mulberry trees5.Obey all rules of trustees

November 1732: The English colonists leave England to colonize in Georgia

January 1733: They land in Georgia

James Oglethorpe Meets Tomochichi at Yamacraw Bluff, 1733

Oglethorpe’s design for Savannah was based on a design by Robert Castell.

Salzburgers (1733)German protestants seeking refugeGiven land—Ebenezer—the Rock of Help

Also founded New EbenezerBethesda Orphans Home

Highland Scots (1735)

• Scottish Protestants• Came to Georgia searching for religious

freedom • Settled in present day Darien• Created the first Presbyterian Church in

Georgia• Helped the English defeat the Spanish in

the Battle of Bloody Marsh