Colony Review

The Thirteen English Colonies

Virginia

Founding of Jamestown (1607)Joint-stock London CompanyCharter from King James IToo many “gentlemen”John Smith takes chargeNew settlers reinforce

in 1610

Virginia

Tobacco CultivationJohn Rolfe cultivates West

Indies species in Virginia good cash crop

Virginia Company grants 50 acres to each new settler

Virginia

Survival AssuredVirginia company goes bankrupt1200 settlers in 1624, becomes a

royal colony

Massachusetts

Plymouth (1620)Protestant pilgrims, persecuted by

Anglicans, sail for new world on Mayflower

Blown off course, land at Plymouth

William Bradford leads colony to survival, with help of natives

Later absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Bay (1630)Puritans organized by

Massachusetts Bay Company, gain charter from Charles I

Led by John Winthrop, 1000 settle in Massachusetts, mostly at Salem, Cambridge, Boston

Puritans continue to move there, 20,000 strong by 1640

Colonial government pro-puritan, anti-dissent

Rhode Island (1636)

Roger Williams, Salem minister, challenges Puritan rule

Expelled in 1635, founds Providence, Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson goes to Rhode Island

1644 government permits religious freedom, separation of church and state

Connecticut (1636)

Thomas Hooker, Cambridge pastor, led congregation to settle Hartford, Connecticut; not religious dissenters, wanted better lands

Received a royal charter 1662

New Hampshire (1638)

Settled by Massachusetts colonists leaving for political, religious, economic reasons

Under control of Massachusetts but gained royal charter in 1679

Maryland (1638)

George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, a Catholic convert, gained a grant to settle here

Called a propriety colony, as it belongs to an owner

Calverts’ son brought first settlers there in 1634

Freedom of religion Catholics & Protestants

Tobacco farmers

The Carolinas (1663)

Propriety colonies North settled by Virginians South settled by other Brits and

Europeans Raised rice, indigo, tar & pitch,

traded furs Settlers opposed propriety,

gained royal charters

New York (1664)

English seize New Netherland, King Charles assigns it to James, the Duke of York

Renamed New York, Dutch retain land, language, rights, legislative assembly

Becomes royal colony when James becomes king 1685

New Jersey (1664)

James granted area between Hudson &Delaware Rivers to friends Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret

Already had some Dutch and Swedish settlements

Propriety sold to Quakers, but later became royal colony 1702

Pennsylvania (1681)

William Penn received charter in return for debt owed him by Charles II

Penn founds it for business and place for Society of Friends Quakers – no formal organization,

humility, hard work, charity, brotherly love ( Philadelphia), pacifists

Pennsylvania (1681)

Religious freedom, popularly elected legislature, fertile land, fair treatment of natives

Attracted many British, German and Swiss Quakers, Mennonites, Amish

Delaware (1682)

William Penn received grant to Delaware, but Swedish and Dutch already there wanted self rule Penn grants them own assembly

Georgia (1732)

Philanthropist James Oglethorpe secures charter from George II

Outpost against Spanish Florida & home to debtors

Developed large plantations employing slave labor

Became royal colony 1752