COLORADO COMMUNITY CORRECTIONSMODERN TRENDS IN RISK, NEED, AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH DISORDERS

Presentation to Interim Committee on Opioid and Substance Use DisordersColorado General AssemblyAugust 22, 2017

Glenn A. Tapia, Director of Community CorrectionsColorado Department of Public SafetyDivision of Criminal Justice

TODAYS AGENDA

1. Basic Structure, Types and Locations of Community Corrections Programs

2. Evidence Based Risk Reduction – Our New Statutory Purpose

3. Basic Data and Facts about Colorado Community Corrections

Client Data Trends in Risk, Need, Substance Abuse and Mental Illness

Outcomes

DIVISION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE (DCJ)STATUTORY RESPONSIBILITIES

Administer Funding to Boards/Program ($68,000,000 in FY18)

Establish State Standards for Program Performance

Audit for Compliance with Standards

Evaluate and Report Program Performance

Training and Technical Assistance to Boards and Programs

Local Governments (Community Corrections Boards) also co-regulate, monitor and assist community corrections facilities.

3

# of Facilities in District

No Facility in District

Facility Pending/Planned

Roughly 4000 Physical Beds and 3700 Funded Beds

Statewide

Diversion (Direct Sentence)

(Prison Sentence)

Parole (DOC)

Transition (within Prison Sentence)(Roughly 33% of Prison Releases)

Parole

(Roughly 67% of Prison Releases)

Non Residential (Diversion)

GENERAL TYPES OF PROGRAMS

Regular Residential Programs (32)

Non-Residential Programs (27)

Specialized Supervision and Treatment Programs IRT - Intensive Residential Treatment (8)

Higher Risk, Substance Use Disorder

RDDT – Residential Dual Diagnosis Treatment (8)

Higher Risk, Mental Illness, Substance Use Disorder

TC – Therapeutic Communities (2)

High Risk Life Course Criminal Patterns with Prolonged Substance Use Disorders

SOSTCC – Specialized Sex Offender Supervision and Treatment (11)

Convicted Higher Risk Sex Offenders

CBT – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (1 Pilot Program)

High Risk, Criminal OrientationRegular Programs Specialized Programs Budget in Millions

FY2003 32 5 36FY2018 30 30 68

32

5

36

30 30

68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

15 Year Change in Community Corrections

Dual Diagnosis (MH & SA)5% Medications

2%

Mental Health16%

Recovery Support (10%)9%

Substance Abuse68%

Correctional Treatment Fund ExpendituresFY2017 Outpatient Funds

INTENSIVE RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT (IRT) PROGRAMS

90 Day Inpatient Treatment for High Risk, High Need, and Substance Use Disorders

20 Hours of Clinical/Cognitive Behavioral Substance Abuse Therapy (per week)

20 Hours of Additional Treatment Support Interventions (per week)

Must be formally assessed as needing Level 4c (IRT) Treatment with Standardized Offender Assessment

No Employment or Community Access while in IRT

Has Capacity for Condition of Probation (48 Beds) and Drug Related Misdemeanants

Program Locations (237 Funded Beds Total)1. Larimer County Community Corrections (Fort Collins) – 47 Beds

2. Mesa County Community Corrections (Grand Junction) – 18 Beds

3. Advantage Treatment Center (Sterling) – 31 Beds

4. COMCOR Inc (Colorado Springs) – 40 Beds

5. CORECIVIC Fox – (Denver) – 53 Beds

6. Intervention – Weld (Greeley) – 12 Beds

7. Intervention West (Lakewood) – 12 Beds

8. Advantage Treatment Center (Alamosa) – 24 Beds

RESIDENTIAL DUAL DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT (RDDT) PROGRAMS

Inpatient Treatment for High Risk, High Need, and Dually Diagnosed (Mental Illness/Substance Use Disorders)

8 Hours of Clinical/Cognitive Behavioral Dual Diagnosis Therapy (per week)

Employment or Community Access Depends on the Individual

Program Locations (131 Funded Beds Total)

1. Larimer County Community Corrections (Fort Collins) – 22 Beds

2. Independence House Fillmore (Denver) – 40 Beds

3. Mesa County Community Corrections (Grand Junction) – 13 Beds

4. CORECIVIC – CCTC (Centennial) – 9 Beds

5. Intervention – Weld (Greeley) – 5 Beds

6. Intervention – JeffCo (Lakewood) – 30 Beds

7. Intervention (Pueblo) – 5 Beds

8. COMCOR Inc (Colorado Springs) – 7 Beds

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY (TC) PROGRAMS

Long Term Inpatient Treatment for High Risk, High Need, and Substance Use Disorders

Must be formally assessed as needing Level 4d (TC) Treatment with Standardized Offender Assessment

No Employment or Community Access while in Phase 1 (approx. 6 months)

Average Length is 2 Years followed by long term Outpatient Tx

Program Locations (142 Funded Beds Total)

1. Peer 1 (Males) – Denver

2. The Haven (Females) - Denver

DATA TRENDS IN COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS POPULATIONSRISK/NEED/RESPONSIVITY PERSPECTIVE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Avg LSI Score 27.02 27.68 27.68 28.29 28.82 27.66 28.1 28.4 29.1 28.6 28.9 29.11 29.4 29.4 29.79 29.8 29.92

20.0

22.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

32.0

LSI S

core

(Ran

ge is

0 t

o 54

)Average Risk/Need (LSI) Score in Community Corrections

2000 to 2017Regular Residential Clients (Non Specialized)

Probation(Regular)

Parole(Regular plus

ISP-P)

RegularCommunityCorrections

IRT RDDT JERP TC

Average LSI Score 18 24 30 31 33 33 36

18

24

3031

33 33

36

AV

G L

SI S

core

Colorado Community Based PopulationsAverage LSI Score

LOW RISK

/NEED

MEDIUM RISK

/NEED

HIGHRISK

/NEED

6.7%

3.0%

36.1%

26.1%

10.0%8.2%

3.7% 1.1%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

Level 1 - NoTreatmentRequired

Level 2 - Drug &Alcohol Education

Level 3 - WeeklyOutpatient

Therapy (WOP)

Level 4a -Enhanced

OutpatientTherapy (EOP)

Level 4b -Intensive

OutpatientTherapy (IOP)

Level 4c -Intensive

ResidentialTreatment (IRT)

Level 4d -Therapeutic

Community (TC)

Level 5 - MentalHealth/Medical

Referral

Assessed and Recommended Substance Abuse Treatment NeedsFY2017 Terminations

Regular (Non-Specialized) Residential Population in Community Corrections

Series1

HB 91-1173

Source: Colorado Division of Criminal Justice, Office of Research and StatisticsCommunity Corrections in Colorado: Program Outcomes and Recidivism, FY2012-13

Source: Colorado Division of Criminal Justice, Office of Research and StatisticsSpecial Analysis in Preparation for Report (Community Corrections in Colorado: Program Outcomes and Recidivism, [2017 Report Forthcoming])

FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17Mental Illness Rate 14.4% 17.6% 17.8% 20.7% 22.0% 24.0% 25.2% 28.2% 29.2%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Men

tal I

llnes

s R

ate

(Per

cent

of A

ll C

lient

s)

Mental Illness Rate TrendsFY09 through FY17 (9-Year Trend)

Colorado Community Corrections - Regular Residential Clients (Non-Specialized)

FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17Male 9.7% 12.2% 13.6% 14.7% 17.2% 18.2% 19.2% 22.4% 23.5%

Female 32.2% 37.8% 37.6% 47.0% 45.6% 50.4% 50.1% 52.1% 53.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Men

tal I

llnes

s R

ate

(Per

cent

of A

ll C

lient

s)

Mental Illness Rate Trends (by Gender)FY09 through FY17 (9-Year Trend)

Colorado Community Corrections - Regular Residential Clients (Non-Specialized)

Non Drug Related

Technical Violation

50%

Drug Related Technical Violation

50%

Technical Violations in Community CorrectionsRegular Residential Clients (Non Specialized)

FY2017 Clients

35%32%

36%

40%38%

42%

47% 48%

65%68%

64%

60%62%

58%

53% 52%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

Drug Related vs Non Drug Related Technical ViolationsTrends - FY10 though FY17

Regular Residential Clients (Non Specialized)

Drug Related

Non Drug Related

13.1%

16.6% 17.0%

18.8% 18.3%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%

FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

Perc

ent

of A

ll D

rug

Rel

ated

Tec

hnic

al V

iola

tions

Substance Use Discharge Trends - FY13 through FY17(Percent of All Drug Related Technical Violations)

Regular Residential Clients (Non Specialized)

Amphetamine

Opiates

Alcohol

Marijuana

Other Unknown

FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17Residential Clients 17.60% 17.80% 20.70% 22.00% 24.00% 25.20% 28.20% 29.20%

IRT Clients 19.10% 14.30% 24.40% 23.70% 31.50% 33.40% 40.90% 47.40%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

50.00%

Men

tal I

llnes

s R

ate

(Per

cent

of A

ll C

lient

s)Mental Illness Rate Trends

Regular Residential vs Intensive Residential Treatment PlacementsFY10 through FY17 (8-Year Trend)Colorado Community Corrections

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

50.00%

FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

Primary Drug of Choice TrendsFY10 through FY17

Intensive Residential Treatment Clients

Amphetamine

Alcohol

Marijuana

Cocaine

Opiates

Other

Barbiturate

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

50.00%

FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

Primary Drug of Choice TrendsFY10 through FY17

Residential Dual Diagnosis Treatment Clients

Amphetamine

Alcohol

Marijuana

Cocaine

Opiates

Other

OUTCOMES IN COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS

Residential Entry Non-Residential ExitLSI Scores 28.6 21.1

28.6

21.1

LSI Risk ReductionRegular (Non Specialized) Programs

FY2016

26.0% Reduction 37.74

30.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Initial Average LSI Score Updated Average LSI Score (6 month)

LSI Risk ReductionResidential Dual Diagnosis Treatment Programs

FY2017

20% Reduction

ACTUARIAL RISK REDUCTION OUTCOMES

Source: Colorado Division of Criminal Justice, Office of Research and StatisticsCommunity Corrections Profilehttps://www.colorado.gov/pacific/dcj-ors/community-corrections-profile

1 Year Recidivism Rates 2 Year Recidivism RatesRegular Residential Programs 16.90% 29.90%

Residential Dual Diagnosis Programs 14.60% 15.20%Therapeutic Community Programs 10.50% 20.50%Intensive Residential Treatment Programs 23.70% 38.00%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

Perc

ent

Rec

idiv

atin

gComparison of Regular and Specialized Programs

1 YR and 2 YR Recidivism Rates (2011 Client Terminations)(source: Office of Research and Statistics,Community Corrections in Colorado: Program Outcomes and Recidivism, FY 2012-13)

PROGRAM QUALITY MATTERS

Provider 1 Provider 2Recidivated 19.3% 25.3%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

Perc

ent R

ecid

ivis

m

Comparison of IRT Programs1 YR Recidivism Rates (2011 Client Terminations)

(source: Office of Research and Statistics, Division of Criminal Justice)

FINAL SUMMARY

Community corrections in Colorado has 32 facilities. Within these facilities we have 30 specialized programs, 18 of which focus on substance abuse and/or mental illness

A majority of the budgetary and programmatic growth in community corrections has occurred in specialized inpatient treatment programs as well as outpatient services through the Correctional Treatment Funds

Clients admitted to community corrections have growing levels of assessed risks/needs and diagnosed mental illness

Clients in community corrections are higher risk/need than those in parole and probation

Substance abuse treatment matching matters – up to 24% reduction in recidivism

Drug related technical violations have increased while technical violations for other behavioral problems have decreased

Trends in clients admitted to inpatient treatment programs show increased preferences for amphetamines and opiates with synthetic drugs being next in line

Community corrections reduces risk of recidivism in both regular and dual diagnosis programs

Recidivism is lower today than in the past

Program quality matters