8th Grade Physical ScienceSome images are from www.chem4kids.com

www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

Metals, Nonmetals, & MetalloidsMetals: Elements that are good conductors of

electric current & heat, malleable and ductile Metalloids: Elements with properties of both

metals and nonmetals, good conductor of electricity, but not heat

Nonmetals: Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity, mainly gases, but those that are solid are brittle

Metals, Nonmetals, & MetalloidsAcross a period (from left to right) the

elements range from metallic to nonmetallic.Most reactive Metals are in Family 1Most reactive Nonmetals are in Family 17

Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be

grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member,

it is a non-metal1 electron in the outer shellSoft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with

waterConduct electricity

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the

outer shellWhite and

malleableReactive, but less

than Alkali metalsConduct

electricity

TRANSITION METALSGroups in the

middle

Good conductors of heat and electricity.

Some are used for jewelry.

The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.

Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

BORON FAMILY Group 33 electrons in

the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a

metalloid

CARBON FAMILY Group 44 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 55 electrons in

the outer shellCan share

electrons to form compounds

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 66 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Reactive

HalogensGroup 77 electrons in

the outer shellAll are non-

metalsVery reactive

are often bonded with elements from Group 1

Noble GasesGroup 8Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the

outer shell = FullHelium (He) has

only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full

Not reactive with other elements

Rare Earth MetalsSome are

RadioactiveThe rare

earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity

The next guide is determining shells and valence electrons