columbia river workshop · contributors to columbia river fisheries. •stocks of fall run fish...

61
1 Columbia River Workshop Chris Kern Tucker Jones John North Jeff Whisler

Upload: others

Post on 12-Aug-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

1

Columbia River Workshop

Chris KernTucker JonesJohn NorthJeff Whisler

Page 2: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Introduction•Salmon, steelhead, and sturgeon fisheries in the Columbia River are among the most intensively managed fisheries in the world.  

•Columbia River fisheries are managed to updated in‐season catch, stock abundance, and stock composition data.

•Typically governed not by harvested catch, but by percentage limits on total fishery mortality.  

•‘Columbia River’ = mainstem Columbia and Snake rivers from mouth to Lower Granite Dam (Snake R) and Priest Rapids Dam (Columbia R).

•Will be focusing on non‐Treaty fisheries.

2

Page 3: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

3

• Must consider all of the factors affecting salmonpopulations.

• “All‐H” approach: Hydro, Habitat, Harvest,Hatcheries.

• Fishery impact rates have been actively reduced overtime to reduce total mortality.

Conservation

Page 4: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Conservation•States and Tribes work with NMFS/USFWS to describe how fisheries will be managed and what their impacts on ESA‐listed and other species are expected to be.  

•NMFS/USFWS review, consult recovery plans, and determine whether the proposed actions provide the necessary conservation for ESA‐listed species.

•Biological Opinion on fisheries issued.  • Determine if actions are likely to jeopardize the populations• Outline any terms and conditions necessary to comply with ESA• Authorization issued as an incidental take statement (ITS).  

•Fisheries also consistent with the US v OregonManagement Agreement to protect reserved rights of the Columbia River Treaty Tribes.  

4

Page 5: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

5

• Fisheries BiOp recognizes that abundance‐based frameworks areprecautionary in response to climate change because they scale harvestopportunities in response to abundances, which are affected by climateconditions.

• Fisheries all have some form of explicitly defined management limit.• ESA‐impacts• Escapement

• In‐season management to adapt to changes (status, run size, timing,fishery performance).

• Conservation objectives are explicitly defined and understood beforefishing occurs.

Conservation

Page 6: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

6

Example

Page 7: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

7

Page 8: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

8

Page 9: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Concurrency and Co‐management

•Enforcement officers do not have jurisdiction to enforce the other state’s rules if not concurrent.  •Non‐concurrence on basic policy principles can cause other difficulties in management. •Participation is complicated if regulations differ. 

9

Page 10: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Columbia River Compact•1915 interstate agreement between OR and WA, ratified by Congress•Primary and public venue to coordinate management•ORS requires Compacts be held in OR or WA within 25 miles of the Columbia River where commercial fishing is permitted.  •‘Columbia River Compact/Joint State Hearing’. •NOT a rule‐making entity: each state must enact via state processes.  

10

Page 11: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Compact/Joint State Hearings

Average Number of Hearings Per Year

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1018

Spring Summer Fall

13

18

Winter

11

Page 12: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

12

Page 13: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

US v OregonManagement Agreement (MA)

•Describes how fisheries will be managed to:•Protect Treaty reserved rights.•Protect and recover ESA‐listed stocks.•Manage for sustainable fisheries.

•Basic component of NMFS/USFWS Biological Opinion.  •NMFS/USFWS also federal trustees for Treaty tribes to ensure protection of reserved rights.

13

Page 14: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

US v OregonManagement Agreement•Treaty: fisheries conducted by the Columbia Treaty tribes•non‐Treaty: fisheries managed by other entities

• States• Fisheries conducted by tribes other than the four Treaty Tribes (i.e., Colville, Wanapum)

•Does not address effects of fisheries on stocks destined to remain downstream of Bonneville Dam.• For lower river ESA stocks the states seek ESA‐compliance outside of this MA

14

Page 15: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

15

Page 16: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Management Objectives•Primary objective: ensure fisheries meet conservation needs•ESA‐listed stocks: ensure fisheries contribute to, and do not impair, recovery.  •Consistent with “All H” approach.•Long‐term goal is broad sense recovery.

•Non‐listed stocks; ensure sustainable management over the long term•Compliance with the 2018‐2027 US v OregonMA

16

Page 17: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Management Approaches•Ensure impact rates remain below those specified in the MA (or other venues)•Conservation•Sharing of catch and conservation responsibilities Tr/NT

•Two basic forms of ESA impact limit: •Harvest rate (%)•Exploitation rate (%)

17

Page 18: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Total Mortality (catch plus dead released)

Stock Abundance

Take home message: • Inseason management can change both numerator and denominator• Can alter the allowable impact limit (%)  • “Multiple dimensions” of change occur

18

Page 19: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

THE HARVEST MANAGEMENT CYCLE

FORECASTTHE RUN

DETERMINEHARVESTABLE

NUMBERS

PREPARE FISHINGPLANS

SET FISHERIES

MONITOR RUN SIZE AND HARVESTS;

ADJUST FISHERY AS NEEDED

RUNRECONSTRUCTION

End Season/Post‐Season Begin Season

In‐season Management

19

Page 20: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

20

Page 21: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

North of Falcon•Integrates management of ocean fisheries between Cape Falcon and Canadian border, including summer/fall fisheries in the Columbia•Coordination and shaping of fisheries to ensure that fish conservation objectives are met across all areas•Particularly important in distributing impacts for specific driver stocks among ocean and in‐river fisheries

21

Page 22: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

22

Page 23: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Washington

Oregon

Select Area Fisheries

23

Page 24: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Select Area Fisheries

•Program raises a mix of stocks:• lower Columbia spring Chinook• lower Columbia coho• bright stock fall Chinook (“Select Area Bright”, SAB)• tule fall Chinook (Mitchell Act) also located in the area

•Constraining stocks, such as ESA‐listed stocks are the same as those outlined for seasonal fisheries below • Encountered at far lower rates due to location

24

Page 25: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

25

Page 26: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Hydro

•Highly regulated system•Salmon and steelhead impacted hydroelectric development.

•Oregon and ODFW involved in efforts to improve outcomes.

•Hydro and fish regionally beneficial.•“Spill” provides fish benefits.

26

Page 27: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015

Migration Year

Historical and Present Water Travel TimeLower Snake and Columbia Rivers (Lewiston to Bonneville)

~2 days

~20 days

dam construction

Water Travel Time (days)

27

Page 28: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

28

Page 29: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Snake River vs. John Day River Chinook Survival

29

Page 30: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

What is Spill?Flow over spillway

Power house flow

John Day Dam

30

Page 31: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Survival

Spill

‐3.0

‐2.5

‐2.0

‐1.5

‐1.0

‐0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016

KCFS @

 Low

er Granite Dam

Smolt Migration Year

Survival (m

edian ln(S/S))

Snake River Wild Spring/Summer Chinook

31

Page 32: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Comparative Survival Study (CSS)

32

• Ongoing decades long study• Collaboration among state, 

tribal and federal scientists• Independent review• Empirically based• Take home:

• Higher SAR with lower powerhouse encounters

• Spill best way to avoid powerhouse (except breach)

• Spill to 125% optimizes SAR and GBT risk

Page 33: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

33

Projected SARS associated with operations

SARs < 1% associated with serious population declines

SARs > 2% associated with population increases (also NPCC minimum SAR goal)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Power BiOp BiOp2 Flex 125% Breach120%

Breach125%

Prob

ability of SAR

s < 1%

Chinook

Steelhead

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Power BiOp BiOp2 Flex 125% Breach120%

Breach125%

Prob

ability of SAR

s > 2%

Chinook

Steelhead

36‐39% of SARs < 1%

8‐15% of SARs < 1%

Page 34: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Balancing Fish and Power Moving Forward•Spill is good for fish, but not power•Changing power markets and a surge of renewables (e.g., solar) provided a unique opportunity to increase spill for fish conservation w/o increasing power costs while the CRSO EIS was completed•Flexible spill alone inadequate to recover salmon.•NEPA CRSO FEIS and NMFS Biological Opinions release that IDs a Flexible Spill operation as Preferred Alternative/Proposed Action•Intensive review in coming weeks as Oregon weighs options

34

Page 35: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

35

Page 36: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

36

Seasonal Fishery Descriptions

• History• Stocks and Constraints• ESA‐limits• Management Approaches and Annual Process

Page 37: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Management Periods

•Jan 1 – Jun  15 = “Spring” (includes “Winter”)•Jun 16 – Jul 31 = “Summer”•Aug 1 – Dec 31 = “Fall”

37

Page 38: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Spring, History•Spring Season, Jan 1 – Jun 15•Prior to 2000, mainstem spring Chinook fisheries were very limited.  • Jan‐Mar, downstream of I‐5 Bridge only•Focus on lower river stocks

•Improved runs and mark‐selective fisheries increased access to April‐May, and upstream of I‐5 (incl. above Bonneville)

38

Page 39: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Spring, Stocks and Constraints

•Focused on hatchery‐produced spring Chinook•Managed to the weakest stock•Key constraining stocks: ESA‐listed UC spring Chinook, SR spring/summer Chinook•Willamette or LCR Washington stocks in some years

39

Page 40: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Spring, Forecast Buffer

40

• MA requires run‐size buffer ≥30% prior to in‐seasonupdate.

• At 218,000 run X 70% = rate will be based on 152,600.• Drops to next ESA impact tier (≤1.9%)

• Instead of 2.0% at 218,000, managers will plan for1.9% at 152,600 prior to update.

Page 41: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Spring, Catch Balancing

41

• MA requires non‐Treaty catch cannot > Treaty• Requirement to remain under ESA limitation remains.

• Example:• Run size of 218,000 fish, allowable Treaty is 10% =21,800 fish

• Non‐Treaty constrained to 21,800 or ESA limit of 2%,whichever reached first.

Page 42: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Spring, Process

42

• TAC forecasts in December

• ODFW/WDFW provide season structure options, meet with advisory groups

• Refine proposals, present at a late‐winter Compact/JS hearing

• ODFW/WDFW representatives decide on season

• States implement rules to enact seasons

• The Commission will generally see first rules at March meeting, and will see multiple changes through June and July meetings 

Page 43: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

43

Page 44: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Summer, History

•Summer Season, Jun 16‐Jul 31•From 1965‐2002, targeted fisheries for summer Chinook were closed•Following significant rebuilding efforts and increased hatchery production• Limited recreational began 2002. • In 2005, non‐Treaty commercial had first summer Chinook season since 1964

•From 2005‐2016, non‐Treaty fisheries included mainstem commercial and mainstem recreational 

44

Page 45: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Summer, Stocks and Constraints

•Focused on hatchery‐produced UC Summer Chinook and hatchery summer steelhead (recreational)  •Managed to weakest stock•Chinook harvest structured to achieve combined wild and hatchery escapement goals•Key ESA‐stocks present during management period are summer steelhead and Snake River sockeye

45

Page 46: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Summer, Management Approach

46

• Allowable catch of UC Summer Chinook based on harvestablesurplus over escapement needs

• Harvest in non‐Treaty PFMC subtracted from allowable non‐Treaty• Balance allocated between areas upstream/downstream of PriestRapids Dam according to WDFW/Colville Tribe allocation agreement

• Downstream of PRD allocated recreational/commercial by FWCPolicy

Page 47: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Summer, Annual Process

47

• TAC forecasts in December• Coordination and planning done in conjunction with NOF.• ODFW/WDFW provide season structure options • Public meetings via NOF process to review and get input  • Oregon implements by emergency rule• Commission will generally see the first of these rules in the late spring, may see changes through August meeting.  

Page 48: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

48

Page 49: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Fall, History

•Fall Season, Aug 1 – Dec 31•The fall season fisheries have historically been the largest annual contributors to Columbia River fisheries.  

•Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic jurisdiction  

•Significant role in Interjurisdictional forums like Pacific Salmon Commission (PSC) and PFMC

49

Page 50: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Fall, Stocks and Constraints

•Most complex and dynamic season –many Compact/JSH’s and rule changes•Managed to weakest stock•Focused on: healthy wild Chinook; hatchery‐produced Chinook, coho, and steelhead (recreational) •Chinook are broken into several stock aggregates•Multiple management objectives

•Multiple ESA‐listed species/stocks

50

Page 51: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Fall, Management Approach and Annual Process

51

• TAC forecasts in February.  • Coordination and planning done in conjunction with NOF.• ODFW/WDFW provide season structure options • Public meetings via NOF process to review and get input  • Oregon implements by emergency rule• Commission will generally see the first of these rules at the June or July meeting, will see additional rule changes through the October meeting.  • Inseason rule changes very (very) frequent.   

Page 52: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

52

Page 53: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

53

White Sturgeon

Page 54: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Lower Columbia•LCR/OR Coast White Sturgeon Conservation Plan (WCP) adopted by OFWC in 2011

•Population estimates conducted annually; goals and objectives developed from these surveys; strategies and actions to address limiting factors/threats  identified

•Recommended target annual harvest rate ≤16%• Substantially lower than prior rates

•CR Fishery Management Workgroup (2012) recommended holding 10% of resulting harvest guidelines as a conservation buffer (managers have targeted rates well below this level).

54

Page 55: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Mid Columbia•Sturgeon Management Task Force (SMTF), defined in U.S. v Oregon ‐ ODFW, WDFW, Treaty tribes•SMTF reviews status and management and sets reservoir‐specific harvest guidelines•Abundance in each pool estimated by ODFW, WDFW, and Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commission with mark‐recapture every 3 years (1 pool / year)  • Trends in cohort strength have varied with water year

•High flow years = more recruits, low flow years = less

55

Page 56: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

56

Page 57: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Fisheries Monitoring•Managers intensively monitor fisheries to assess impacts to ESA‐listed and other stocks•Estimate total landed catch as well as mortality of non‐retained fish as needed•Must be able to estimate mortality of specific stocks, including ESA‐listed stocks•Fisheries covered by the MA are reviewed by the US v Oregon TAC and Policy Committee  

57

Page 58: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Fisheries Monitoring

•Recreational fisheries: creel survey is used to estimate effort and catch (LCR and Z6)

•Commercial fisheries: landed catches derived from mandatory fish tickets

•Both fisheries: biological and CWT sampling to provide age and stock ID in the catch  

•Estimated numbers of fish released are multiplied by estimated post‐release mortality rates to calculate the total mortalities• Post‐release mortality rates reviewed and approved by the TAC

58

Page 59: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

59

Page 60: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

Commission Authorities•Some Oregon regulations are statutory; majority remain under authority of the Commission

•Commission delegation of authority to the Director to implement emergency rules is critical for Columbia fisheries  • To meet conservation and fishery objectives, decisions must be made more rapidly than the timescales required for Commission rule making allow

•Clear Commission policy and guidance allows staff to implement fisheries consistent with Commission objectives

•Allocations in the Columbia River are usually allocation of impacts, not catch

•Allocation of a percentage of impacts will generally not = same percentage of catch 

60

Page 61: Columbia River Workshop · contributors to Columbia River fisheries. •Stocks of fall run fish from the Columbia Basin are a significant part of catches in areas outside direct domestic

61