Columns

Lesson 1

Orders of architecture

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Orders of architecture

• Learning Outcomes

• To be able to indentify the order of architecture, in Greek and Roman columns

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Orders of architecture

• Columns are round or cylindrical pillars , resting on a base and crowned by a spreading mass called the capital.

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Orders of architecture

•Columns•There are just three ancient and original . These orders of architecture, the Doric, Ionic

and Corinthian, were invented by the Greeks. •To these the Romans added the Tuscan, which they made simpler than the Doric, and the Composite, which was more ornamental than the Corinthian.

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Orders of architecture

• The Greek Doric order• The Doric is without a base and has a very simple capital, and it is

a column divided into twenty flutes. It has no enrichments.

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Orders of architecture

•The Ionic Greek Order•This column has a base and the capital is ornamental with volutes or spirals.

•The shaft is fluted with twenty four flutes which are separated by flat fillets(Reeds).

•Reeds and flutes are formed on columns

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Orders of architecture

• The Corinthian Greek Order

• This resembles the Ionic; its distinguishing feature is its capital, which is ornamental with rows of Acanthus leaves.

• The shaft is fluted with twenty four flutes which are separated by flat fillets (Reeds).

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Orders of architecture

•The Tuscan order has a very plain design, with a plain shaft,and a simple capital, base, and frieze.• It is a simplified adaptation of the Doric order by the Romans.

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Orders of architecture

• The composite order is a mixed order, combining the volutes of the Ionic order capital with the Acanthus leaves of the Corinthian order.

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Orders of architecture

• Entasis is the term given to a convex curve of a column surface for aesthetic purposes.

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Task •Study the picture below and identify the order of order of architecture•Answer Doric

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Task

• Study the picture below and identify the order of order of architecture

• Answer Composite

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Task

• Study the picture below and identify the order of order of architecture

• Answer • Tuscan entasis

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Task

Use the internet to find and print for your folders a pictures of the two different orders of architecture,

3 Greek

2 Roman

Columns

Lesson 2

Forming a column

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Forming a column

•The distance around a circle is called the circumference.

•The distance across a circle through the centre is called the Diameter.

• is the ratio of the circumference of acircle to the diameter.

•Thus, for any circle, if you divide the circumference by the diameter, you get a value close to .

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Forming a column

• The radius of a circle is the distance from the centre of a circle to any point on the circle.

• If you place two radii end-to-end in a circle, you would have the same length as one diameter.

• The diameter of a circle is twice as long as the radius.

• This relationship is expressed in the following formula: d=2r, where d is the diameter and r is the radius

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Forming a column

A running mould is constructed, and the radius is set from the centre pin to the inside of the running mould.

• Two pre-fabricated collars are run on a bench using

• plaster of Paris.

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Forming a column

• They are then attached to the column using casting plaster.

• Using a spirit level and straight edge they are checked to make sure that they are plumb.

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Forming a column

• To reduce the amount of plaster required to float the column, it can be built out in strips of plasterboard.

• The column is then floated from prefabricated collars.

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Forming a column

• Once the column is floated out, it is keyed with a devil float, then skimmed to a smooth finish.

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Forming a column• An Astragal is moulding profile. • It can be used at the top or base of a column. • When running the Astragal, the same process is

used as forming the pre-fabricated collars.• This time a metal profile is attached.• The Astragal is run in plaster of Paris.