combining insar, levelling and gnss for the estimation of...
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0 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
(1) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, (2) Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), (3) Delft University of Technology
Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS for the Estimation of3D Surface Displacements
Thomas Fuhrmann (1), Miguel Caro Cuenca (2), Freek van Leijen (3), Malte Westerhaus (1), RamonHanssen (3), Bernhard Heck (1)
KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Research Center of the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu
Motivation
1 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Major drawbacks of SAR-Interferometry
• 1-dimensional measurements along the LOSdirection• Decomposition into horizontal and vertical
components not possible
• Accuracy of estimated displacement/ratenot easily accessible (filtering)
• Results relative to a reference point/area
3D velocity field
Realistic accuracy information
Reference frame
Motivation
1 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Major drawbacks of SAR-Interferometry
• 1-dimensional measurements along the LOSdirection• Decomposition into horizontal and vertical
components not possible
• Accuracy of estimated displacement/ratenot easily accessible (filtering)
• Results relative to a reference point/area
3D velocity field
Realistic accuracy information
Reference frame
Research objectives
2 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Levelling InSARGNSS
3D velocity field
Derivation of horizontal and vertical surface displacements
Robust combination of InSAR, levelling and GNSS
Focus on linear movements (displacement rates)
Realistic information on the accuracies of the estimates
Area of interest: Upper Rhine Graben
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
UpperRhine
Graben
“Most prominentsegment of theCenozoic rift
system”
“Significant pro-bability for large
earthquakes”
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
UpperRhine
Graben
“Most prominentsegment of theCenozoic rift
system”
“Significant pro-bability for large
earthquakes”
Basel 1356:MW = 6.7 − 7.1(Fäh et al., 2009)
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
UpperRhine
Graben
“Most prominentsegment of theCenozoic rift
system”
“Significant pro-bability for large
earthquakes”
Basel 1356:MW = 6.7 − 7.1(Fäh et al., 2009)
Mahlberg 1728:MW = 5.3(Meidow, 1998)
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
UpperRhine
Graben
“Most prominentsegment of theCenozoic rift
system”
“Significant pro-bability for large
earthquakes”
Basel 1356:MW = 6.7 − 7.1(Fäh et al., 2009)
Mahlberg 1728:MW = 5.3(Meidow, 1998)
Waldkirch 2004:MW = 4.6(Häge et al., 2009)
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
UpperRhine
Graben
“Most prominentsegment of theCenozoic rift
system”
“Significant pro-bability for large
earthquakes”
Basel 1356:MW = 6.7 − 7.1(Fäh et al., 2009)
Mahlberg 1728:MW = 5.3(Meidow, 1998)
Waldkirch 2004:MW = 4.6(Häge et al., 2009)Tectonic motion:
Small (< 1mm/a),
but still not well
constrained from
Geodesy
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Database
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Database
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Database
3 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Database
Properties of the techniques
4 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Spatial distribution:
• InSAR: high in urban areas
• Levelling: high along lines
• GNSS: low (30–40 km)
Temporal distribution:
• InSAR: 35 days
• Levelling: campaigns (∼20a)
• GNSS: permanent (daily)
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Levelling
GPS
InSAR asc.
InSAR desc.
Year
Temporal coverage,representative example
Properties of the techniques
4 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Spatial distribution:
• InSAR: high in urban areas
• Levelling: high along lines
• GNSS: low (30–40 km)
Temporal distribution:
• InSAR: 35 days
• Levelling: campaigns (∼20a)
• GNSS: permanent (daily)
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Levelling
GPS
InSAR asc.
InSAR desc.
Year
Temporal coverage,representative example
Single technique analysis
5 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
InSAR: PS analysis using StaMPS (Hooper et al., JGR 2007)
Data: 2 ascending, 1 descending track; ERS-1/2, EnvisatResult: LOS displacement w.r.t. a master scene and areference area
Levelling: Kinematic adjustment of repeatedlymeasured levelling data
Data: 40049 height differences at 15592 levellingbenchmarksResult: Linear displacement rates (vertical) w.r.t. areference point
GNSS: Differential processing using Bernese GPSsoftware (Dach et al., 2007)
Data: GPS observations, daily coordinates at 76 sitesResult: Linear displacement rates (horizontal) w.r.t.ITRF05 (block mean subtracted)
Single technique analysis
5 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
InSAR: PS analysis using StaMPS (Hooper et al., JGR 2007)
Data: 2 ascending, 1 descending track; ERS-1/2, EnvisatResult: LOS displacement w.r.t. a master scene and areference area
Levelling: Kinematic adjustment of repeatedlymeasured levelling data
Data: 40049 height differences at 15592 levellingbenchmarksResult: Linear displacement rates (vertical) w.r.t. areference point
GNSS: Differential processing using Bernese GPSsoftware (Dach et al., 2007)
Data: GPS observations, daily coordinates at 76 sitesResult: Linear displacement rates (horizontal) w.r.t.ITRF05 (block mean subtracted)
Single technique analysis
5 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
InSAR: PS analysis using StaMPS (Hooper et al., JGR 2007)
Data: 2 ascending, 1 descending track; ERS-1/2, EnvisatResult: LOS displacement w.r.t. a master scene and areference area
Levelling: Kinematic adjustment of repeatedlymeasured levelling data
Data: 40049 height differences at 15592 levellingbenchmarksResult: Linear displacement rates (vertical) w.r.t. areference point
GNSS: Differential processing using Bernese GPSsoftware (Dach et al., 2007)
Data: GPS observations, daily coordinates at 76 sitesResult: Linear displacement rates (horizontal) w.r.t.ITRF05 (block mean subtracted)
Combination approach
6 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
PS interpolation@ levelling /
GNSS locations
Interferograms 1,2,...,n-------------------------------ERS ascendingERS descendingEnvisat ascendingEnvisat descending
Estimation oflinear velocities
Using time series ofERS/Envisat-------------------------------ascendingdescending
Calculation ofUp / East
component
Estimation ofoffset and trend
(Up / East)
PSinterpolation@ PS grid
Estimationof linearvelocities
Interpolationof levellingvelocities@ PS grid
Interpolationof GNSSvelocities@ PS grid
Estimation ofEast, North
and Upcomponents
Step 1 Step 2
Combination approach
6 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
PS interpolation@ levelling /
GNSS locations
Interferograms 1,2,...,n-------------------------------ERS ascendingERS descendingEnvisat ascendingEnvisat descending
Estimation oflinear velocities
Using time series ofERS/Envisat-------------------------------ascendingdescending
Calculation ofUp / East
component
Estimation ofoffset and trend
(Up / East)
PSinterpolation@ PS grid
Estimationof linearvelocities
Interpolationof levellingvelocities@ PS grid
Interpolationof GNSSvelocities@ PS grid
Estimation ofEast, North
and Upcomponents
Step 1 Step 2
Joint ERS/Envisat displacementtime series (Caro Cuenca et al., 2010)
Combination approach
6 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
PS interpolation@ levelling /
GNSS locations
Interferograms 1,2,...,n-------------------------------ERS ascendingERS descendingEnvisat ascendingEnvisat descending
Estimation oflinear velocities
Using time series ofERS/Envisat-------------------------------ascendingdescending
Calculation ofUp / East
component
Estimation ofoffset and trend
(Up / East)
PSinterpolation@ PS grid
Estimationof linearvelocities
Interpolationof levellingvelocities@ PS grid
Interpolationof GNSSvelocities@ PS grid
Estimation ofEast, North
and Upcomponents
Step 1 Step 2
Joint ERS/Envisat displacementtime series (Caro Cuenca et al., 2010)
Different reference framesResidual atmospheric/orbit effectsValidation of InSAR results
Combination approach
6 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
PS interpolation@ levelling /
GNSS locations
Interferograms 1,2,...,n-------------------------------ERS ascendingERS descendingEnvisat ascendingEnvisat descending
Estimation oflinear velocities
Using time series ofERS/Envisat-------------------------------ascendingdescending
Calculation ofUp / East
component
Estimation ofoffset and trend
(Up / East)
PSinterpolation@ PS grid
Estimationof linearvelocities
Interpolationof levellingvelocities@ PS grid
Interpolationof GNSSvelocities@ PS grid
Estimation ofEast, North
and Upcomponents
Step 1 Step 2
PS interpolation@ levelling /
GNSS locations
Interferograms 1,2,...,n-------------------------------ERS ascendingERS descendingEnvisat ascendingEnvisat descending
Estimation oflinear velocities
Using time series ofERS/Envisat-------------------------------ascendingdescending
Calculation ofUp / East
component
Estimation ofoffset and trend
(Up / East)
PSinterpolation@ PS grid
Estimationof linearvelocities
Interpolationof levellingvelocities@ PS grid
Interpolationof GNSSvelocities@ PS grid
Estimation ofEast, North
and Upcomponents
Step 1 Step 2
Interpolation of PS points (using Kriging)
7 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Step 1: At location of levelling/GNSS pointsStep 2: At a 200 m grid (only in vicinity of PS points)
Interpolation of PS points (using Kriging)
7 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Step 1: At location of levelling/GNSS pointsStep 2: At a 200 m grid (only in vicinity of PS points)
for every Ifg
Interpolation of PS points (using Kriging)
7 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Step 1: At location of levelling/GNSS pointsStep 2: At a 200 m grid (only in vicinity of PS points)
for every Ifg
Linear velocities from PS time series
8 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
yA,1
...yA,NA
yB,1
...yB,NB
=
t3A,1 t2
A,1 tA,1 1 0...
......
......
t3A,NA
t2A,NA
tA,NA1 0
t3B,1 t2
B,1 tB,1 1 1...
......
......
t3B,NB
t2B,NB
tB,NB1 1
x3x2x1x0x∆
+ e
yA,i : Displacement in interferogram i, sensor A (ERS)
yB,i : Displacement in interferogram i, sensor B (Envisat)
NA : Number of interferograms of sensor A
NB : Number of interferograms of sensor B
tA : Acquisition time of sensor A
tB : Acquisition time of sensor B
x0, x1, x2, x3 : Parameters of a polynomial function
x∆ : Offset between sensor A and sensor B
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
ERS
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
Envisat
s
Linear velocities from PS time series
8 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
yA,1
...yA,NA
yB,1
...yB,NB
=
t3A,1 t2
A,1 tA,1 1 0...
......
......
t3A,NA
t2A,NA
tA,NA1 0
t3B,1 t2
B,1 tB,1 1 1...
......
......
t3B,NB
t2B,NB
tB,NB1 1
x3x2x1x0x∆
+ e
yA,i : Displacement in interferogram i, sensor A (ERS)
yB,i : Displacement in interferogram i, sensor B (Envisat)
NA : Number of interferograms of sensor A
NB : Number of interferograms of sensor B
tA : Acquisition time of sensor A
tB : Acquisition time of sensor B
x0, x1, x2, x3 : Parameters of a polynomial function
x∆ : Offset between sensor A and sensor B
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
ERS
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
Envisat
s
Linear velocities from PS time series
8 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
yA,1
...yA,NA
yB,1
...yB,NB
=
t3A,1 t2
A,1 tA,1 1 0...
......
......
t3A,NA
t2A,NA
tA,NA1 0
t3B,1 t2
B,1 tB,1 1 1...
......
......
t3B,NB
t2B,NB
tB,NB1 1
x3x2x1x0x∆
+ e
yA,i : Displacement in interferogram i, sensor A (ERS)
yB,i : Displacement in interferogram i, sensor B (Envisat)
NA : Number of interferograms of sensor A
NB : Number of interferograms of sensor B
tA : Acquisition time of sensor A
tB : Acquisition time of sensor B
x0, x1, x2, x3 : Parameters of a polynomial function
x∆ : Offset between sensor A and sensor B
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
ERS
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
Envisat
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012−30
−20
−10
0
10
mm
Year
ERS
Envisat
1st order (linear)
s
Linear velocities from PS time series
8 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
yA,1
...yA,NA
yB,1
...yB,NB
=
t3A,1 t2
A,1 tA,1 1 0...
......
......
t3A,NA
t2A,NA
tA,NA1 0
t3B,1 t2
B,1 tB,1 1 1...
......
......
t3B,NB
t2B,NB
tB,NB1 1
x3x2x1x0x∆
+ e
yA,i : Displacement in interferogram i, sensor A (ERS)
yB,i : Displacement in interferogram i, sensor B (Envisat)
NA : Number of interferograms of sensor A
NB : Number of interferograms of sensor B
tA : Acquisition time of sensor A
tB : Acquisition time of sensor B
x0, x1, x2, x3 : Parameters of a polynomial function
x∆ : Offset between sensor A and sensor B
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
ERS
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
Envisat
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012−30
−20
−10
0
10
mm
Year
ERS
Envisat
1st order (linear)
2nd order
3rd order
Statistical teston linearity
s
Linear velocities from PS time series
8 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Temporal covariance matrix for the estimation:
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
10
20
30
40
50
60
70[m
m2]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
54 ERS Interferograms
17 Envisat Interferograms
s
Linear velocities from PS time series
8 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Temporal covariance matrix for the estimation:
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
10
20
30
40
50
60
70[m
m2]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
54 ERS Interferograms
17 Envisat Interferograms
Correlation length fromatmospheric filtering
Variances qii scaled w.r.t.relative Ifg and PS accuracy
s
Linear velocities from PS time series
9 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
ERS
Envisat
asc
ERS/Envisat combination: Accurate estimates for linear rates
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
ERS
Envisat
desc
Linear velocities from PS time series
9 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
ERS
Envisat
asc
Separation of non-linear movements
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
−20
−10
0
10
20
mm
Year
ERS
Envisat
desc
Linear velocities from PS time series
9 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
LOS velocities (desc)
Linear velocities from PS time series
9 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
LOS velocities (desc) + non-linear grid points
Interpolation of levelling and GPS velocities
10 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Standarddev.
Interpolation of levelling and GPS velocities
10 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Standarddev.
Interpolation of levelling and GPS velocities
10 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Standarddev.
High weight close to the data points
Low weight in between
Mathematical fusion
11 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Using least squares adjustment: y = Ax + e
y : Velocities from InSAR (asc and desc), GPS (East and North comp.) and levelling
x : Velocities in East, North, Up
VascVdesc
VGPS,EVGPS,N
Vlev
=
Sasc,1 Sasc,2 Sasc,3Sdesc,1 Sdesc,2 Sdesc,3
1 0 00 1 00 0 1
vE
vNvU
+ e
Qyy =
σ2
Vasc0 0 0 0
0 σ2Vdesc
0 0 00 0 σ2
VGPS,EσVGPS,E,N
0
0 0 σVGPS,E,Nσ2
VGPS,N0
0 0 0 0 σ2Vlev
Sasc =
− sin θasc cos αascsin θasc sin αasc
cos θasc
Sdesc =
− sin θdesc cos αdescsin θdesc sin αdesc
cos θdesc
Covariance matrix usingstandard deviations ofsingle technique estimates
Mathematical fusion
11 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Using least squares adjustment: y = Ax + e
y : Velocities from InSAR (asc and desc), GPS (East and North comp.) and levelling
x : Velocities in East, North, Up
VascVdesc
VGPS,EVGPS,N
Vlev
=
Sasc,1 Sasc,2 Sasc,3Sdesc,1 Sdesc,2 Sdesc,3
1 0 00 1 00 0 1
vE
vNvU
+ e
Qyy =
σ2
Vasc0 0 0 0
0 σ2Vdesc
0 0 00 0 σ2
VGPS,EσVGPS,E,N
0
0 0 σVGPS,E,Nσ2
VGPS,N0
0 0 0 0 σ2Vlev
Sasc =
− sin θasc cos αascsin θasc sin αasc
cos θasc
Sdesc =
− sin θdesc cos αdescsin θdesc sin αdesc
cos θdesc
Covariance matrix usingstandard deviations ofsingle technique estimates
12 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Results
Two test areas:Northern part,Southern part
3D velocity field
Standarddeviations
Results – Northern Upper Rhine Graben
13 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Results – Northern Upper Rhine Graben
13 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Results – Northern Upper Rhine Graben
13 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Mean standard deviation
Up: 0.10 mm/a
Results – Northern Upper Rhine Graben
13 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Results – Northern Upper Rhine Graben
13 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Mean standard deviation
East: 0.20 mm/a
North: 0.24 mm/a
Results – Northern Upper Rhine Graben
13 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Mean standard deviation
East: 0.20 mm/a
North: 0.24 mm/a
14 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Results –SouthernUpperRhineGraben
Results –SouthernUpperRhineGraben
14 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Results –SouthernUpperRhineGraben
14 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Mean standard deviation
Up: 0.12 mm/a
Results –SouthernUpperRhineGraben
14 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Results –SouthernUpperRhineGraben
14 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Mean standard deviation
East: 0.30 mm/a
North: 0.36 mm/a
Results –SouthernUpperRhineGraben
14 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Mean standard deviation
East: 0.30 mm/a
North: 0.36 mm/a
Results –SouthernUpperRhineGraben
Conclusions
15 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Consistent approach to combine velocities fromDifferent SAR sensors (ERS, Envisat)Different SAR tracks (asc, desc)Permanent GNSS sitesRepeated levelling measurements
Consideration of realistic covariance information
Results for two test areas in the URG:Tectonic movements are well below 1.0 mm/aStandard deviations: 0.3 mm/a (horizontal) / 0.1 mm/a (vertical)
Next steps:Combined velocity solution for the whole URG area (300 km SAR stripes)Special cases: Overlapping SAR tracks, only ascending/descending
Conclusions
15 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Consistent approach to combine velocities fromDifferent SAR sensors (ERS, Envisat)Different SAR tracks (asc, desc)Permanent GNSS sitesRepeated levelling measurements
Consideration of realistic covariance information
Results for two test areas in the URG:Tectonic movements are well below 1.0 mm/aStandard deviations: 0.3 mm/a (horizontal) / 0.1 mm/a (vertical)
Next steps:Combined velocity solution for the whole URG area (300 km SAR stripes)Special cases: Overlapping SAR tracks, only ascending/descending
Conclusions
15 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Consistent approach to combine velocities fromDifferent SAR sensors (ERS, Envisat)Different SAR tracks (asc, desc)Permanent GNSS sitesRepeated levelling measurements
Consideration of realistic covariance information
Results for two test areas in the URG:Tectonic movements are well below 1.0 mm/aStandard deviations: 0.3 mm/a (horizontal) / 0.1 mm/a (vertical)
Next steps:Combined velocity solution for the whole URG area (300 km SAR stripes)Special cases: Overlapping SAR tracks, only ascending/descending
Conclusions
15 Introduction Database Combination ResultsT. Fuhrmann et al. – Combining InSAR, Levelling and GNSS – Fringe Workshop 2015, Frascati – March 24, 2015
KIT
Consistent approach to combine velocities fromDifferent SAR sensors (ERS, Envisat)Different SAR tracks (asc, desc)Permanent GNSS sitesRepeated levelling measurements
Consideration of realistic covariance information
Results for two test areas in the URG:Tectonic movements are well below 1.0 mm/aStandard deviations: 0.3 mm/a (horizontal) / 0.1 mm/a (vertical)
Next steps:Combined velocity solution for the whole URG area (300 km SAR stripes)Special cases: Overlapping SAR tracks, only ascending/descending