Combustion DiagnosticsEmission and Combustion Properties of Biofuel

Faculty Advisors

Dr. Guillaume1

Dr. Boussalis1

Student Assistants

Michael Tran2

Henry Luong1

Johanna Lopez1

Teresita Buhler1

Emerzon Cruz1

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 1

1. California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90023

2. University of California, Irvine, CA 92697

MOTIVATION

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 2

What is biodiesel?

Why biodiesel?

Advantages and disadvantages

2NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

3NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Engine vs. Flame Studies

Laser Diagnostics

Laser Induced Incandescence

Laser light extinction

Counterflow Burner

Combustion Properties of Biofuel

Primary Thesis Study

Possible PhD Study

Biodiesel Hydrocarbon Chain

3NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

4NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

ENGINES VS FLAME STUDIES

4NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

5NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LASER INDUCED INCANDESCENCE

• Goal: Qualitative and quantitative measurement of soot• Output: Soot profile, soot volume fractions, and particle size• Principle:

– Soot is heated by laser (3500-4000K)– Incandescence flame images soot profile– Incandescence intensity soot volume fraction– Temporal decay of incandescence particle size

5NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

6NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LII EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

6NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

7NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LII EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

7NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

8NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LII EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

8NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

9NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LII RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

B0 B20

Natural Incandescence(Long exposure time)

Laser Induced Incandescence

9NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

10NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LII RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

B0 B20

Qualitative Results

10NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

11NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LIGHT EXTINCTION THEORY

Tv I

I

mLEf 0ln

6

Physical meaning of fv: volume of soot per unit volume

11NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

12NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LIGHT EXTINCTION THEORY

Tv I

I

mLEf 0ln

6

Physical meaning of fv: volume of soot per unit volume

vLii CfS

12NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

13NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LIGHT EXTINCTION THEORY

13NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

14NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

LII vs. LIGHT EXTINCTION

14NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

COUNTERFLOW BURNER

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 15

Primary Thesis study: Soot emission of biofuel using laser diagnostics

Possible PhD study: Combustion property of biofuel using advanced counterflow flame burner configuration

15NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

COUNTERFLOW BURNER

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 1616NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

COUNTERFLOW BURNER

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 1717NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

PROJECT TIMELINE

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 18NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

REFERENCES

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 19

References

- Turn, S. An Introduction to Combustion. Mc Graw Hill. 2nd Ed. (2000)

- Eckbreth, A.C Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species. Abacus Press, 1988

- Glassman, I. Combustion. 3rd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, 1996

- Vander Wal, R.L. Using Laser-Induced Incandescence to Measure Soot/Smoke Concentrations. 1997. NASA Report # 97-206325

- Shaddix, R.C., Smyth, K.C. Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Soot Production in Steady and Flickering Methane, Propane, and Ethylene Diffusion Flames. Combustion and Flame. 1996;107:418-452

- Melton, L. Soot Diagnostics Based on Laser Heating. Applied Optics. 1984; 23: 2001-2208

- Schumacher, L.G, William G.H , Borgel, S.C. Fueling Diesel Engines with Methyl-Ester Soybean Oil. Liquid Fuels from Renewable Resources: Proceedings of an Alternative Conference. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Nashville, TN, 1992

19NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

REFERENCES

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 20

References

- Choi, S.C. Measurement and Analysis of the Dimensionless Extinction Constant for Diesel and Biodiesel Soot: Influence of Pressure, Wavelength and Fuel-Type. Thesis Dissertation. Drexel University. 2009

- Bladh, H. On the Use of Laser-Induced Incandescence for Soot Diagnostics: From Theoretical Aspects to Applications in Engines. Doctoral Dissertation. Lund University, 2007

- D1322. Standard Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel. American Society for Testing and Materials. Reapproved 2002

- Ziejewski, M., Kaufman, K.R, Schwab, A.W., Pryde, E.H. Diesel Engine Evaluation of a Nonionic Sunflower Oil- Aqueous Ethanol Microemulsion. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. 1984: 61; 1620-1626

- Nwafor, O.M, Rice, G. Performance of Rapeseed Oil Blends in a Diesel Engine. Applied Energy. 1996; 54: 354-354

20NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

• Cooperation between graduate/undergraduates at SPACE Center (CSULA) and Lasers, Flames, and Aerosols Laboratory (UCI)

• Grant provide by NASA # NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 2121NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A