comenius project “similarity in diversity (sid)“
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COMENIUS PROJECT“Similarity in Diversity (SID)“
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Introduction Migration
• What is migration?
• Emigration is when people leave their homes and move to another country
• Immigration is when people enter their new habitation
• Why do people migrate?
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Huguenots (French protestants) migrating to Germany
Emigrants leaving for America
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Push and Pull factors
Push-Factors:
Reasons why people (want to) leave their home country
Pull-Factors:
Reasons why people (want to) live in a particular country
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Migration because of:
• Economy
• Social problems
• Incidents
• Demographic problems
• Political conflicts
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Soviet prisoners of war and forced labourers in Münster
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Drawing of a former prisoner of the concentration camp Sachsenhausen
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Changing borders of Germany1848- 1989
• Federal Republic of Germany
• 16 federal states• Berlin is the capital• Käthe-Kollwitz-
Gymnasium is located in Neustadt an der Weinstraße
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-Revolt of bourgeoisie
-Desire for a nation-state
-Counterrevolution
-Collapse of the revolution
German Revolution 1848/1849
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Political map of the German Confederation, Source: Putzger – Historischer Weltatlas, 89. Auflage, 1965
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German Empire (1871–1918)
• On January 18th 1871 the first German nation-state was founded, under the rule of the Prussian Hohenzollern
• Germany still is a monarchy with a disappointed liberal movement, because of the lack of civil liberties in this new state.
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Political map of the German Empire (1871 - 1918), Source: Putzger – Historischer Weltatlas, 89. Auflage, 1965
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The First World War (1914-1918)
• First World War was originally a war between the middle-sized powers, the German Empire und Austria-Hungary, and the Entente-powers, France, Great Britain, Russia as well as Serbia.
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot to death in Sarajevo
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Weimar Republic (1919-1933)
• During the Weimar Republic the German Empire was ruled by means of a democratic federal state and therefore consisted of a presidential and parliamentary regime.
• The time of the Weimar Republic was characterised by multiple crises, such as the world economic crisis and the mass unemployment, which devastated the young Republic.
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Nazi regime (1933-1945) and the Second World War (1939-1945)
• On January 30th 1933, Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of the Weimar Republic.
• In a short period of time the Weimar Republic was changed from a democratic state into a totalitarian dictatorship.
• On September 1st 1939, German troops attacked Poland. This was the reason for the Second World War.
• The Second World War ended with the unconditional surrender of the German Empire on May 8th1945 and with the surrender of Japan on September 2nd 1945.
• Because of the Second World War, 55 to 60 million people died.
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Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR (1949-1990)
• The Federal Republic of Germany was founded in the western zone of occupation on May 23rd 1949.
• Because of the Cold War, Germany was divided into East and West. Iron Curtain led across through Central Europe and therefore divided Germany into two parts.
• With the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the last free access from East to West Germany was closed.
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Federal Republic of Germany and GDR
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Reunification (1989/1990)
• The entry of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) into the Federal Republic of Germany on October 3rd 1990.
• This action was possibly, because of the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9th 1989 in Berlin.
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Federal Republic of Germany
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Overview Migration from and to Germany
• After Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
• In the middle of the 19th century
• During the First World War (1914-1918)
• During the Second World War (1939-1944)
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After Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
• Persecuted French protestants
• Tax exemption, freedom of religion, financial support
• New cultures, new food, new technologies
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In the middle of the 19th century
• Technical know-how “steam power“• Railways
• Tunnels
• Roads
• High salaries for technicians
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Economic Boom 1871
• Victory against France
• Polish and Italian immigrants
• Construction sites
• Mines
• Ban on Polish language
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During the First World War (1914-1918)
• 1.2 million foreign workers• At first: limited immigration into Germany• Then limited emigration from Germany• 1.6 million war prisoners• Agriculture / war industry
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During the Second World War (1939-1945)
• Slavery and deportation
• Work camps
• 7.8 million foreigners
• 500.000 KZ prisoners
• Over 10 million “displaced persons”
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Arriving in the United States: Ellis Island
• main immigration port for immigrants main immigration port for immigrants
• CheckupsCheckups
• 3.1 millions came from Germany3.1 millions came from Germany
• every second American has every second American has ancestors who came through ancestors who came through Ellis Island to AmerciaEllis Island to Amercia
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• Ellis Island; the island of hopes and tears
• Ellis Island belongs to the two states New Jersey and New York
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Arrival on Ellis Island
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Ellis Island medical check
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The Griesemer Story
• Family history
• Reasons for migrating and problems
• Educational possibilities
• Migration nowadays
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Comenius Project
BACK
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Family History
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BACK
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Reasons for migrating
• Economic conditions
• Military duty
– Prussian army
• Foundation of a cobbler enterprise
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Educational possibilities
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Migration nowadays
• Law of mobility for EU-citizens Visa Sufferance Right to stay Permission to stay Permission to settle