COMMAND LINE FORTHE BEGINNERUSING THE COMMAND LINE IN DEVELOPINGFOR THE WEB

Created by

Jim Birchjimbir.ch/cmd@thejimbirchXeno Media, Inc.

DEVELOPERS BE ALL LIKE...

Source

WHAT IS THECOMMAND LINE?A command-line interface ... is ameans of interacting with acomputer program where the user(or client) issues commands to theprogram in the form of successivelines of text (command lines). -Wikipedia

OFTEN REFERRED TO AS CLIC - Command

L - Line I - Interface

WHERE IS THIS COMMAND LINE?Linux - Built inMac - Terminal built in or additional apps like available.Windows - , or the brand new

iTerm

Cygwin Bash on Ubuntu onWindowsChromebook - Apps that provide limited functionality

WHAT DOES THE TERMINAL LOOK LIKE?

CUSTOMIZE MOST TERMINAL APPS

THE COMMANDS

ANATOMY OF A COMMAND$ command -flag argument/operand

command - The action we want to happenflag (optional) - Options for the commandoperand (optional) - What is acted upon

Most of the time you find commands written, they will beprefaced with a $

COMMON COMMANDScd - Change Directory $ cd /path/to/folder $ cd ../../../ to move up the tree.cp - Copy $ cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.phpgrep - globally search a regular expression and print $ grep term filetosearchin.txtls - List $ ls -la (l = long format, a = all files, even hidden)

mkdir - Make Directory $ mkdir directoryname

COMMON COMMANDSmv - Move $ mv wp-config.php ../pwd - Print Working Directory $ pwdrm - Remove $ rm -rf whatyouwantremoved (r = recursive, f = force)

sudo - Superuser Do $ sudo anycommand (Use sudo if you need administrative access to run the command.)

touch - Touch $ touch newfilename.txt

COMMON COMMANDSIf you enter a screen that has a page of information, like a

help screen:

Use your arrow keys to navigate up and down.Type q to exit.

FLAGSFor most cases I have found, flags that are full words use two

dashes, flags that are acronyms use one dash.

--all-a

ESCAPINGIf you ever need to cancel a command:

Hold the Control key and C

ARCHIVING AND UNARCHIVING

Archive and compress; extract filesand folders quickly and easily rightfrom the command line.

ZIP AND UNZIPTo compress a folder using zip:zip -r zip-file-name.zip path/to/folderzip -r zip-file-name.zip file1 file2file3To extract:unzip zip-file-name.zip

TAR AND UNTARTo compress a folder using tar:tar -zcvf tar-file-name.tar.gzpath/to/folderTo extract:tar -zxvf tar-file-name.tar.gz

NANO AND VI EDITORS

nano and vi are text editorsavailable in terminal so you can editfiles without needing any otherprograms.

NANOnano file.txt to open a file

Control + (letter) for commands Control + G for help

VI (OR VIM - "VI IMPROVED")vi file.txt to open a file

:help for commands :i to insert :w to save :q to exit

YOU HAVE SURVIVED THE BEGINNER LEVEL!

Source

SKIP TO END

CONNECTING TO SERVERS BY SSH

Connect to other servers, like yourstaging and productionenvironments and run commandsas you would on your localcommand line.

CREATING SSH KEYSCheck for existing keys $ ls -al ~/.sshCreate a new key ssh-keygen -t rsa -C"yourname@domain.com"-t = Key Type, -C = CommentEnter file in which to save the key(/Users/Jim/.ssh/id_rsa): /Users/Jim/.ssh/clientname

PUTTING YOUR KEY ON THE SERVERUI Interfaces like CPanel and PleskApache - Add your key to /%USER%/.etc/authorized_keysnginx - Install openssh and add your key to/%USER%/.ssh/authorized_keys

CONNECTING TO SERVERssh username@domain.nameEnter your password

SET UP AN SSH ALIASnano ~/.ssh/configHost hostname User usernameatserver HostName (IP Address or domain.name) Port 22 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa Then, connect with ssh hostname

TO DISCONNECT FROM A SERVER:Type exit

MYSQL

Manage MySQL databases from thecommand line, including importingand exporting.

CONNECTING TO MYSQLmysql -u username -p

You will be prompted for password.

* Note: You want to avoid using the password inline, as itwould be available in logs

IMPORTING A DATABASEmysql -u username -p < database.sql

EXPORTING A DATABASEmysqldump -u username -p > database.sql

ONCE YOU HAVE CONNECTED TO MYSQL, YOUCAN RUN ANY SQL COMMAND

CREATE TABLE newtablename (id INT NOT NULLPRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, name_of_table VARCHAR(30), sub_title VARCHAR(20), yes_or_no CHAR(1), date_of_thing DATE);

WP-CLI

WP-CLI is a set of command-linetools for managing WordPressinstallations. You can updateplugins, set up multisite installs andmuch more, without using a webbrowser. - wp-cli.org

COMMON WP-CLI COMMANDS

COMMON WP-CLI COMMANDShttp://wp-cli.org/commands/

wp media regenerate Regenerates all thumbnailswp post list List all the posts of a sitewp user delete 123 --reassign=567 Delete a user, and assign their posts to another.wp plugin install hello-dolly Installs Hello Dolly Plugin

COMMON WP-CLI COMMANDSwp help Lists all commands and helpwp core update Updates Wordpress corewp theme list Lists all themes in the sitewp package http://wp-cli.org/commands/package/

DRUSH

Drush is a command line shell andUnix scripting interface for Drupal. -drush.org

ALIASES

In computing, alias is a command invarious command line interpreters(shells) ... which enables areplacement of a word by anotherstring. - Wikipedia

ANATOMY OF AN ALIASname="command"

name - The name of the aliascommand - The action we want to happen

WHERE TO PUT ALIASESMAC OS

Temporary - alias name="command"Permanent - nano ~/.bash_profile

WHERE TO PUT ALIASESUBUNTU

Temporary - alias name="command"Permanent - nano ~/.bash_aliases

WHERE TO PUT ALIASESWINDOWS

Temporary - DOSKEY name="command"Permanent - A lot more complicated!

COMMON USE CASES FOR ALIASESNavigate to common folders alias htdocs="cd /var/www/public_html" alias backdropcms="cd/Users/Jim/jim.local/backdropcms.org"Run Common Tasks alias restart='sudo apachectl restart'

COMMON USE CASES FOR ALIASESOpen Common Files alias bashprofile='sudo nano/Users/Jim/.bash_profile' alias sshconfig='nano ~/.ssh/config'Open Applications alias github='open -a Firefoxhttps://github.com/thejimbirch?tab=repositories\'

COMMON USE CASES FOR ALIASESComplex Example

Accepts a url, opens chrome in 5 different sized browsers12345678910

hosted with ❤ by

# My Chrome developer profile is in the ̀Profile 1̀ directory, make sure to update with yours.# Best on an ultra wide monitor.

function rwdurl() { open -n -g -a "Google Chrome" --args --new-window --profile-directory=Profile\ 1 --app="data:text/html,<html><body><script>window.moveTo(0,0);window.resizeTo(320,1395);window.location='$1';</script></body></html>" open -n -g -a "Google Chrome" --args --new-window --profile-directory=Profile\ 1 --app="data:text/html,<html><body><script>window.moveTo(330,0);window.resizeTo(480,1395);window.location='$1';</script></body></html>" open -n -g -a "Google Chrome" --args --new-window --profile-directory=Profile\ 1 --app="data:text/html,<html><body><script>window.moveTo(815,0);window.resizeTo(640,1395);window.location='$1';</script></body></html>" open -n -g -a "Google Chrome" --args --new-window --profile-directory=Profile\ 1 --app="data:text/html,<html><body><script>window.moveTo(1460,0);window.resizeTo(800,1395);window.location='$1';</script></body></html>" open -n -g -a "Google Chrome" --args --new-window --profile-directory=Profile\ 1 --app="data:text/html,<html><body><script>window.moveTo(2265,0);window.resizeTo(1024,1395);window.location='$1';</script></body></html>"}

view rawrwdurl GitHub

SEE ALSO

ln -s /path/to/file /path/to/symlink Example: htdocs > /var/www/public_html

Symbolic link (Symlinks)

SEE ALSOBash Scripts

12345678

hosted with ❤ by

fullpath=̀pwd̀if [[ $fullpath =~/Users/Jim/Sites/.* ]]; thenIFS='/' array=($fullpath)open "http://${array[4]}.xenostaging.com"elseecho You are not in a webroot.fi

view rawssite bash script GitHub

SEE ALSOBASH-IT

Bash-it is a collection of community Bash commands andscripts. (And a shameless ripoff of oh-my-zsh :smiley:)

Includes autocompletion, themes, aliases, custom functions,a few stolen pieces from Steve Losh, and more.

https://github.com/Bash-it/bash-it

SECURE COPY PROTOCOL (SCP)

Secure copy or SCP is a means ofsecurely transferring computer filesbetween a local host and a remotehost or between two remote hosts.It is based on the Secure Shell (SSH)protocol. - Wikipedia

COPY FILE FROM LOCAL TO SERVERscp example.txt username@server:myfile.txt

COPY ALL FILES IN REMOTE SITE TO LOCAL(FOLDER YOU ARE IN)

scp serveralias:/var/www/public_html/wp-uploads/* .

COPY FILES FROM ONE SERVER TO ANOTHERscp serveralias:/var/www/public_html/wp-

content/files/file1.zipsecondserveralias:/var/www/public_html/wp-

content/files/file1.zip

YOU HAVE SURPASSED THE INTERMEDIATELEVEL WITH EASE!

Source

SKIP TO END

GIT FOR VERSION CONTROL

Git is a widely used source codemanagement system for so�waredevelopment. It is a distributedrevision control system with anemphasis on speed, data integrity,and support for distributed, non-linear workflows. - Wikipedia

GIT IN PLAIN ENGLISHGit gives us a canonical/main source of the code of theproject.Multiple versions can be checked out, and merged backin.History of commits/different versions can be saved.Easily sync multiple servers, Development, Staging,Productions.

REALLY GREAT GIT TUTORIALhttps://git-scm.com/docs/gittutorial

COMMON GIT COMMANDSgit clone repo.url Clones a repository to your computergit fetch Gets updated code from repositorygit merge origin/master Merges code from repository, master branchgit pull Fetch and merge in one step!git checkout -b branchname Makes a new branch

COMMON GIT COMMANDSgit diff filename Shows the changes you have made to the filegit add -A Adds all files to "staging area"git commit Moves from "staging area" to a commitgit push origin master Pushes local master branch to origin mastergit log Lists history of commits

AUTOMATION/TASK RUNNERS LIKEGRUNT AND GULP

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT WILL BE POWEREDBY JAVASCRIPT

Node.js® is a JavaScript runtime built that runsNPM (Node Package Manager), the largest ecosystem ofopen source libraries in the world

I use Node.js® to install NPM to install Grunt which installs...

TOOLS FOR OUR JAVASCRIPT FILES:jshint - Detect errors and potential problems in yourJavaScript code.jscs - Linter/formatter for programmatically enforcingyour style guide.uglify - Minify files with UglifyJSconcat - Concatenate (merge) files into one.

TOOLS FOR OUR CSS FILES:grunt-contrib-less, grunt-sass - Compile LESS/SASS files toCSScsslint - Checks syntax checking and applys a set of rulesthat look for problematic patterns or signs of inefficiency.cssmin - Minimizes CSS filescsscomb - Formats and sorts style sheets to make themorganized and consistent.

SO MANY USES:imagemin - Minify images seamlessly.copy - automate the copying of files or directories.Thousands more... [ ] [ ]Grunt Plugins Gulp Plugins

WATCH!Once these tasks have been assembled in a Gruntfile.js file,

you can run the following command to implement thesetasks on any changes:

grunt watch

Any JS/CSS/LESS/SASS files changed will be checked andorganized!Images put in the folder I am watching will be minified.Any errors will be reported immediately!

DEPENDENCY/PACKAGE MANAGERSLIKE COMPOSER

Composer helps you declare,manage and install dependencies ofPHP projects, ensuring you have theright stack everywhere. - Composer on Github

AN OVERARCHING MAINTAINER OF YOURWEBSITE AND IT'S NEEDS

A composer.json file defines all of the things your websiteneeds. These are called dependencies.

This would include Wordpress itself, plugins, and themes. Itcould also include outside libraries like jQuery, Bootstrap,

Foundation, and more.

AN OVERARCHING MAINTAINER OF YOURWEBSITE AND IT'S NEEDS

A composer.json file defines all of the things your websiteneeds. These are called dependencies.

This would include Wordpress/Drupal core,plugins/modules, and themes. It could also include outsidelibraries like jQuery, Bootstrap, Foundation, Masonry, and

more.

REBUILD THIS PROJECT IN A MOMENT'SNOTICE

If all dependencies are defined in a composer.json file,composer install could be run to install the site

anywhere.

All you would need to do then is setup the database andmove the files.

SUMMARYBEGINNER

Command Line BasicsCommands and FlagsArchiving and UnarchivingCommand Line Editors

SUMMARYINTERMEDIATE

Connecting to Servers with SSHMySQLWP-CLI / DrushAliasesSecure Copy Protocol - SCP

SUMMARYADVANCED

Git for Version ControlAutomation/task runners like Grunt and GulpDependency/Package Managers like Composer

NOW YOU CAN BE ALL LIKE...

Source

THE ENDCONTINUING THE CONVERSATION:

Created by

Jim Birchjimbir.ch/cmd@thejimbirchXeno Media, Inc.