comme un lion - french...
TRANSCRIPT
Comme un Lionby Samuel Collardey
Guide created by Arnaud Leroux
e d u c a t i o n a l g u i d e
CONTENTS
2 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
I. TO KNOW THE FILM BETTER 3
A) Technical information about the film 3
B) Information about the director 4
C) Summary of the film 4
II. TO WORK IN CLASS WITH HE FILM 5
A) Before the screening
Student worksheet n°1: Discovering the film through its poster 6
Teacher worksheet n°1: Discovering the film through its poster 8
B) After the screening
Student worksheet n°2: Reconstructing the story of the film 10
Teacher worksheet n°2: Reconstructing the story of the film 12
Student worksheet n°3: Studying the characters of the film 13
Teacher worksheet n°3: Studying the characters of the film 15
III. TO GO FURTHER 16
A) Soccer in Francophone Africa 16
B) The Franche-Comté industry 18
C) Analysis of a sequence 20
D) Summary of the film in sequences 22
E) Sitography 23
Guide made by Arnaud Leroux and translated into English by the Alliance Française of Puerto Rico,
with the support of the Institut Français.
3 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
I. TO KNOW THE FILM BETTER
A) TECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FILM
As a lion
French full length feature film
Genre: Drama Duration: 1 hr. 42 min.
Release date in France: January 9th 2013
(December 26 2012 in Franche-Comté)
Director: Samuel Collardey
Script: Catherine Paillé, Nadège Trebal and
Samuel Collardey
Producer: Grégoire Debailly
Photography: Charles Wilhelem, Samuel Collardey and Stéphane Raymond
Sound: Vincent Verdoux and Julien Roig
Edition: Sylvie Lager
Music: Vasco Chinita/Le Bronze Mécanique
Actors :
Mytri Attal (Mitri Diop)
Marc Barbé (Serge)
Jean-François Stévenin (Frenchh agent)
Anne Coesens (Françoise)
Khady Aïdara (Maman Khady)
Emmanuel Penda (Cameroonian officer)
Tatiana Rojo (Fatou)
Marc Berman (Jean-Marie)
Awards :
– Prix du public, MyFrenchFestival.com, 2014
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
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B) INFORMATION ABOUT THE DIRECTOR
Born in 1975 in Besançon, Samuel Collardey works
for four years in television before entering La Fémis
in the Photography department. In the course of his
training he is the cinematographer of many short
films. His thesis film, Winter Sun received numerous
awards, including the SACD prize at the Directors'
Fortnight of the Cannes Festival and the Special Jury
Prize at Clermont-Ferrand. In 2008 he released his
first feature film The Apprentice, a docu-fiction that
portrays a young apprentice at a farm in Haut-Doubs.
The film received the award for Critics' Week in
Venice and the Louis Delluc Prize for Best First Film.
At the same time, he continues to practice the trade
of cinematographer, and collaborates with director
Nassim Amaouche on Farewell Gary and Frédéric
Louf on I like watching girls. In 2013, he released his
second feature As a lion. He is currently working on
his third feature film.
(Source : wikipedia)
C) SUMMARY OF THE FILM
Mitri lives with his grandmother in a small village in Senegal until his dreams of becoming a soccer player
appear to come true. A Cameroonian recruiter organizes a tournament in which he is recognized for his
talent. The officer proposes to send him to France to sign a contract, but this is very expensive. Mama
Khady, Mitri's grandmother, is forced to sell her orchard and borrow money to pay a visa for him. Once in
Paris, the French officer in charge of taking care of him, along with for other Senegalese candidates, seems
embarrassed by his case: Mitri is a minor and cannot be tested by a club. He eventually abandons him in a
stadium, making him believe that the managers are late. Mitri, wandering in Paris, is taken under his wing
by an African woman, Fatou, who brings him to her home. She puts him in the hands of a social worker who
sends him to Montbeliard for schooling. There, Mitri does not despair of one day playing professional soccer.
He compels Serge, coach of a small amateur team, to take him into his club. His gift for soccer got him the
attention of Serge’s ex-wife, who convinces the latter, the former Sochaux player, to give him a chance.
Pressed by his debt-ridden grandmother to send her money, Mitri nevertheless steals from Serge, who
excludes him from the team. Mitri tries by his own means to join the Sochaux training center, but his efforts
are in vain. Serge then reinstates him in the team, but when the team goes from victory to victory, Mitri
learns that his grandmother has died. He nevertheless decides to stay in France and drives his team to win
the county title. However, having no recruiter from Sochaux show up, Serge decides to force destiny by
presenting Mitri himself at the training center. Four years later, Mitri now plays for FC Sochaux
II. TO WORK IN CLASS WITH THE FILM
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
5
STUDENT WORKSHEET N°1: Discovering the film through its poster
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
6
1. FIRST APPROACH
Describe the poster.
The picture
The character
The title: As a lion
The subtitle: The true story of an unusual destiny
STUDENT WORKSHEET N°1: Discovering the film through its poster
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
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2. IDENTIFY THE LIONS
What club or national team does the lion in the movie title remind you of?
The Ivory Coast
FC Cologne
FC Sochaux
Senegal
OGC Nice
Togo
3. IMAGINE THE STORY OF THE FILM
TEACHER WORKSHEET N°1: Discovering the film through its poster
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
8
The Image
This poster shows the particularity of not using a
photo, but rather, a drawing, specifically a
painting. This type of poster is generally used for
animated films, but the traditional use of painted
posters, if practically disappeared in Western
Europe, remains alive in Asia and in Africa. But, it
is to this latter continent that the poster for As a
lion seems to make reference, with its naïf style
and colors, popularized among others by artists
like the Congolese Cheri Samba.
Useful vocabulary:
– Photograph, painting, animated design – Picturesque ≠ dull, realistic, naive, abstract Suggestions: – What type of image is used in this poster? – For what type of film do we use this type of image? In which parts of the world? – What is the style of this image
The character
Only one character dominates the poster: it is a
young boy, probably an adolescent. He is black,
possibly African, and is wearing a soccer jersey.
The star in the background, the smile he shows,
and his dynamic attitude (he seems to be running)
lets us imagine that he has succeeded in
becoming a soccer star.
Useful vocabulary:
– The soccer jersey, the star, the celebrity
– To smile, to run
Suggestions:
– What does the character on the poster look like? How old does he seem? What garment is he wearing? What is he doing?
The title
With the mention of the lion, the reference to
Africa is even clearer, especially that in the purely
soccer domain, no fewer than 3 national African
teams (Cameroon, Morocco, Senegal) have
adopted the king of animals, the symbol of
strength and power as their emblem.
Useful vocabulary:
– Africa, strength, power
Suggestions:
– What part of the world does the lion remind
you of? What symbolizes this animal?
The subtitle
The subtitle shows that this film was inspired by a
true story, and confirms the success of the main
character.
Useful vocabulary:
– Destiny
Suggestion:
– What do we learn thanks to the subtitle?
1. FIRST APPROACH
For a better exposure of details, it may be useful to download the poster (http: //fr.web
Img3.acsta.net/medias/nmedia/18/93/98/28/20371354.jpg) and show it in class using a data projector.
In small groups, students are asked to describe each of these elements.
What has been said may also be recorded on the card.
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
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TEACHER WORKSHEET N°1: Discovering the film through its poster
2. IDENTIFY THE LIONS
The symbolic animal is very present in the imagery of soccer, where many clubs have adopted an animal
as a mascot (FC Cologne), local heraldic heritage (OGC Nice) or as a symbol of virtue (strength, speed,
etc.) which they like to wear. Synonymous with majesty and power, the lion, listed on the logos of many
companies, institutions or organizations, has been adopted by several clubs and national teams, including
Senegal and FC Sochaux, the club founded by and always closely associated with the car manufacturer
Peugeot.
Due to the numerous references to Africa displayed in the poster the reference to the Senegalese soccer
team seems relatively obvious. But it is at Sochaux, the other team under the sign of the lion, that the
main character will eventually realize his dream…
Useful vocabulary:
– The mascot, the lucky charm, speed
Suggestions:
– What animals can be seen on the badges?
– In your opinion, what do these animals represent?
3. IMAGINE THE STORY OF THE FILM
Using the first evidence provided by the study of the poster, we ask students individually or in pairs, to
imagine writing the film's story and to present it to the class.
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
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STUDENT WORKSHEET N°2: Reconstructing the story of the film
1. REARRANGE THE IMAGES IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
Complete the table using the letters corresponding to the images.
A B
C D
E F
G H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
STUDENT WORKSHEET N°2: Reconstructing the story of the film
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2. DESCRIBE THE MAIN MOMENTS OF THE FILM
Write in the table the letter from the picture that matches the vocabulary.
Describe the images. Why are they important?
VOCABULARY IMAGE
– the meeting
– the victory, the cup
– the stadium, the jersey
– the bench
– the waiter
– the training center, the club
– the office
– the recruitment officer
TEACHER WORKSHEET N°2: Reconstructing the story of the film
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
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1. REARRANGE THE IMAGES IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
Solution:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
F B H A E D G C
2. DESCRIBE THE MAIN MOMENTS OF THE FILM
Students are invited, alone or in pairs, to describe each image.
VOCABULARY IMAGE
– the meeting B
– the victory, the cup
G
– the stadium, the jersey
C
– the bench
H
– the waiter
A
– the training center, the club
D
– the office
E
– the recruitment officer
F
STUDENT WORKSHEET N°3: Studying the characters of the film
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
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1. IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERS
Write the name of each character under the photo:
Mitri, Mama Khady, the Cameroonian officer, the French officer, Fatou, the social worker, the juvenile
judge, Serge, Françoise.
Mitri
Age:
Country of origin:
Objective :
Fill out Mitri's form.
Indicate next to each character’s name if he helped (+) or misled (-) Mitri.
STUDENT WORKSHEET N°3: Studying the characters of the film
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
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2. HOW DO THE CHARACTERS HELP THE HERO ?
For each character, explain how he / she helped the hero?
Why are these actions important for Mitri?
Helps Mitri stay in France.
Finds a place for Mitri in a
home in Montbéliard.
Hosts Mitri in his home.
Invites Mitri to her wedding.
Gives Mitri food.
Raises Mitri by herself.
Trains Mitri in soccer.
Hosts Mitri in her home.
Accepts Mitri in his soccer
club.
Sells land and borrows money
for Mitri.
Enrolls Mitri at Sochaux
training center.
Convinces Serge to help Mitri.
3. WRITE AN EMAIL TO MITRI’S FRIENDS
Since he left for France, Mitri did not have time to give news to his friends Amsa and Adama in Senegal.
He tells them about his thoughts and his feelings.
Imagine the letter he wrote to them.
Hello Amsa ! Hello Adama !
See you guys !
Mitri
TEACHER WORKSHEET N°3: Studying the characters of the film
Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
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1. IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERS
Solution:
Fatou + Françoise + The juvenile judge +
Serge + Mitri
Age: 16
Country of origin: Senegal
Objective: to become a soccer player
The French officer -
Mama Khady + The Cameroonian officer - The social worker +
2. HOW DO THE CHARACTERS HELP THE HERO?
Solution:
Helps Mitri stay in France.
The juvenile judge
Finds a place for Mitri in a home
in Montbéliard.
The social worker
Hosts Mitri in his home.
Serge
Invites Mitri to her wedding.
Françoise
Gives Mitri food.
Fatou
Raises Mitri by herself.
Mama Khady
Trains Mitri in soccer.
Serge
Hosts Mitri in her home.
Fatou
Accepts Mitri in
his soccer club.
Serge
Sells land and borrows money
for Mitri.
Mama Khady
Enrolls Mitri at Sochaux
training center.
Serge
Convinces Serge to help Mitri. Françoise
3. WRITE AN EMAIL TO MITRI’S FRIENDS
Using the information gathered during previous activities, students are invited to compose a small message for
Amsa and Adama, Mitri’s two great friends, who remained in Senegal while the latter continued his soccer
dreams in France.
16 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
III. TO GO FURTHER
A) SOCCER IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA
If there is indeed a sport that unites the whole of
Africa in the same fervor, it is soccer. From Cape to
Cairo and from Dakar to Djibouti, young and old, men
and women rave about this game that came in the
wake of European settlers in the late nineteenth
century. In Francophone Africa, soccer has
nevertheless had a difficult start. Although Africa's
first club was created in Oran, Algeria, in 1897, the
sport was primarily reserved for Europeans.
However, its practice was diffused in North Africa
and led to the creation of clubs for the "indigenous,"
first in Tunisia, then Algeria, and Morocco in the
1920s. In 1938, the first African player to play in a
French club was the Moroccan Larbi Ben Barek,
selected that year by the French national team.
In West and Central Africa, although Raoul Diagne
of Senegal was the first African to play for France in
1931, the French did not particularly encourage its
development, some even judging it too complicated.
In fact, it was mainly the missionaries who spread the
practice by creating faith clubs such as ASC Jeanne
d'Arc in Dakar in 1923, which was emulated
throughout French West Africa. In the Belgian
Congo, although it was rather encouraged by a
paternalistic policy, soccer long remained a matter
for missionaries, like the famous Tata Raphaël
(Raphaël of Kethulle of Ryhove for the vital statistics
record), who gave his name to one of the great
stadiums of Kinshasa.
After World War II, this discipline continued to popularize and organize, through leagues and federations, in
every French and Belgian colony, to become the king of sports, symbol of independences acquired in the
early 1960s. African professional players, despite a brief nationalistic start at this time, did nevertheless
continue to go to train and play in European clubs, including
French, phenomenon that is amplified in the years 1980-1990.
The careers of players from Africa or Africans playing in the
European Championships had a ripple effect, accentuated by the
clubs’ and national federations’ lack of means. The young soccer
talents continued to dream of France, but also of important
European clubs, especially since recruitment or training have
become one of the few legal ways of emigration. A phenomenon
that has grown so much that in 2009, no fewer than 3,000 African
professionals were playing outside the continent, especially in
France, but with a less glorious counterpoint: according to the Foot
Solidaire association, between 2000 and 2008, nearly 850 minor
soccer players would have been deceived by unscrupulous recruiters and abandoned in France.
17 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
– Soccer occupies a prominent place in Francophone Africa and some national teams originating there
distinguished themselves by regularly participating in the World Cup, especially in 2014, with Algeria,
Cameroon and the Ivory Coast. In the following activity, students are encouraged to see the numbers for
each country on the map and then on the crest and the nickname of the national team.
– Students may also be required, in small groups, to present to the class one of these teams of their choice
(creation date, emblem and symbolic charts _ the World Cup and / or the Africa Cup of Nations - CAN,
star player, etc.) with the help of French websites.
1 - Algeria 2 - Burkina Faso 3 - Cameroon 4 - Ivory Coast 5 - Mali 6 - Marocco 7 - Dem. Rep of Congo 8 - Senegal 9 - Togo 10 - Tunisia
The Lions
The Eagles
The Eagles of Carthage
The Stallions
The Dauntless
Lions
The Hanks
The Leopards
The Atlas
Lions
The Elephants
The Desert Foxes
18 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
B) FRANCHE-COMTÉ INDUSTRY
Bordering Switzerland, Franche-Comte conjures a jumble of culinary specialties
(cheeses- comté, morbier, cream cheese, morteau sausage, etc.), a drawl and a
rather harsh climate (the town of Mouthe in the Haut -Doubs, is called nothing less
than the "little Siberia"). But many French people are unaware that it is also one of
the most industrialized regions and most exporting of the country. Located on the
famous European backbone linking northern Italy to the Rhine axis, the industry has
known the effects of early beginnings in the eighteenth century with the creation of
the saltworks of Arc-et-Senans in 1775, now a historical building, the development of
the timber industry in Saint-Claude, then the watchmakers in Besançon.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the range of industrial activities widens to mechanics in Belfort,
automotive in Montbeliard and in Vesoul, agribusiness in Lons-le-Saunier and Dole, alcohol in Pontarlier,
allowing the emergence of large groups such as Lip, Peugeot, Alstom, Bull, and Bel. Crises, restructuring
and conversion does not spare these areas over the twentieth century, the watch industry has left Besançon
for Switzerland and Asia, in St. Claude, wood has been replaced by plastic and Bull de Belfort factory closed
in 1993. But in the early twenty-first century, the Franche-Comté industry still represents a third of the
regional added value and employs more than a quarter of the workforce.
19 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY
– On the map on the previous page, enlarged beforehand, students are asked to place the thumbnails for
each industrial center. To do so, they can help themselves with French websites. We can also let them
note the proximity to Switzerland, where many work in the Franche-Comté border, particularly in the
watchmaking centers Le Locle and La Chaux-de-Fonds, specializing in luxury.
Solution:
Cheese (Bel, Lactalis) - Lons-le-Saunier
Automobile (Peugeot) - Vesoul
Watchmaking (Maty, Yema) and Microengineering - Besançon
Eyewear and plastic - Saint-Claude
Automobile (Peugeot, Faurecia) - Montbéliard
Trains and trams (Alstom) - Belfort
Cheese (Bel) - Dole
Luxury Watchmaking - Le Locle and La Chaux-de-Fonds.
Cheese
(Bel, Lactalis)
Automobile
(Peugeot)
Watchmaking (Maty,
Yema) and
microtechnology
Eyewear and plastic
Automobile
(Peugeot, Faurecia)
Trains and trams
(Alstom)
Cheese (Bel)
Luxury watchmaking
20 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
C) SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
The table below is intended for students. It contains the most important frames of the film. Each image is
accompanied by a set of questions that guide students to develop the analysis of that sequence. Before you
do this exercise, it is best to distribute the glossary of cinema to the students, available at:
http://www.institutfrancais.de/cinefete. Refer to the terms marked with an asterisk.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE END OF SEGMENT 6 (THE 39TH MINUTE FILM)
– After watching this sequence once, distribute the chart to the students (fold the paper so that the
answers do not appear).
– Read the questions and watch as many times as necessary to encourage responses.
– Doing freeze frames when shots are longer and contain camera movements.
– Do oral responses, then in writing.
IMAGE QUESTIONS POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1 - Describe the picture.
- What kind of shot is used?
- What is the sound like?
Here we see a close up shot*. Mitri is sitting in
an office and he looks at someone talking to
him. The diegetic sound is both on screen and
off screen*: Mitri looks lost and answers a man
who talks to him off camera.
2
- Describe the picture.
- What kind of shot is used?
- How's the sound?
- What does this shot represent in relation to the previous?
Here the director uses a medium shot* to show
the interlocutor of Mitri, the juvenile judge who
speaks waving his hands. The diegetic sound
is now on screen*. This shot represents the
reverse shot* of the previous, the shot*, which
is echoed on the left by one end of Mitri’s head.
3 - Describe the picture.
- What kind of shot is used?
- What information
does it provide?
Here we see another medium shot, which
allows showing that Mitri is not alone, the social
worker is sitting next to him. The diegetic sound
is again off screen. To the right is the right hand
of the judge with a pen.
4 - Describe the picture.
- What type of shot is used?
- What editing mistake do we see?
We return to a medium shot of the judge, who
continues to speak. He has no pen in his right
hand, which he places on his chin.
21 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
5 - Describe the picture.
- What type of shot is used?
- Where is the judge looking?
He still have a medium shot of the judge who
continues talking. In the shot, he first looks to
Mitri then heads to the left, he addresses the
social worker.
6 - Describe the shot.
- What shot is used ?
- What is the sound like?
In reverse shot to the judge, the social worker
is seen in close-up shot. The sound is on
screen, but the shot is brief. It is the judge who
speaks most, who makes decisions, while Mitri
and the social worker are almost silent.
7
– Describe the picture.
Who is the judge looking
at ? Why?
Also in medium shot, the judge looks to Mitri. He explains his situation: he can stay in France because he does not have 18 years of age.
8 – Describe the shot.
What type of shot is
used?
– What is the sound like?
Of what film genre
does this sequence
make you think?
As the judge speaks to Mitri, we see his
reaction, close-up shot. Again, the sound is off
screen and on screen when Mitri responds.
This succession of shot / reverse shot in close-
up or medium shot is similar to the
documentary style.
22 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
D) SUMMARY OF THE FILM IN SEQUENCES
NUMBER
OF THE
SEQUENCE
TIMING DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE
1 00:00:00 Opening Credits and soccer match: Mitri lives in Senegal and dreams of becoming a
soccer player. He is spotted by a Cameroonian official who asked him to go to France.
2 00:10:47 Debts: Mitri's grandmother does not have enough money to send him to France. She
sells her orchard and borrows money.
3 00:18:47 The arrival in France: Mitri arrives in Paris but there are problems at the airport. The
French officer makes him believe that he will meet recruiters, but abandons him in a
stadium.
4 00:30:10 A new life: Alone, Mitri meets Fatou and a social worker who help him stay in France.
He goes to Montbéliard, where he learns to become a waiter.
5 00:41:37 Hope: Mitri meets Serge, who accepts him in his soccer club. Serge's ex-wife, Francoise finds Mitri is very talented and invites him to her wedding.
6 00:52:31 The wedding: When he goes to Serge's house, Mitri learns that he played in the French
team. After the marriage, he steals his money to send to his grandmother. Serge throws
him off the team.
7 01:06:01 The death of Mama Khady: Mitri tries to register at Sochaux training center. Serge
takes him back in the team. Mitri then learns that his grandmother died.
8 01:19:14 The finale: Serge offers to help Mitri return to Senegal. Mitri does not want to. With his
team, he wins the final, but none of the Sochaux recruiters arrive.
9 01:27:04 FC Sochaux: Serge takes Mitri to the training center. He is declined but still plays on
the field. Four years later, Serge sees Mitri play in Sochaux.
10 01:33:31 End credits
23 Educational guide – AS A LION by Samuel Collardey
E) SITOGRAFY
ABOUT THE FILM
http://medias.myfrenchfilmfestival.com/medias/179/87/87987/presse/comme-un-lion-2013-dossier- de-
presse-francais-1.pdf
http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=197429.html
EDUCATIONAL GUIDES
http://medias.myfrenchfilmfestival.com/medias/52/191/114484/presse/comme-un-lion-2013-
educational-kit-french-version-francais-2.pdf
http://medias.myfrenchfilmfestival.com/medias/253/201/117245/presse/comme-un-lion-2013-
educational-kit-french-version-francais-3.pdf
http://www.zerodeconduite.net/dp/zdc_commeunlion.pdf
ABOUTSOCCER IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA
http://www.africultures.com/php/?nav=article&no=9106 http://www.slateafrique.com/97317/soccer-
8-meilleurs-joueurs-africains-de-tous-les-temps http://www.slate.fr/story/5563/le-foot-hexagonal-
une-passion-africaine http://www.slate.fr/story/88575/france-forme-joueurs-mondial
ABOUT FRANCHE-COMTE INDUSTRY
http://www.tableaudebordcrci.fr/www/fr/accueil/franche_comte.aspx#
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/geoca_1164-6268_1937_num_13_3_6529
http://insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id=16&ref_id=15481
http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=15341&page=thematiques/visage_
industriel_2009/vi09_chap3.1_zoom.htm
http://www.insee.fr/fr/insee_regions/f-comte/themes/hors_ligne_editoriale/indus_agroalimentaire/
Industrie_agroalimentaire2004.pdf
http://www.alstom.com/Global/Group/Resources/Documents/Investors%20document/Investor%20
events/Individual%20Shareholder%20Presentations/17-01-06%20Belfort%20site%20visit%20
%28French%29.pdf
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27horlogerie_%C3%A0_Besan%C3%A7on
http://www.groupe-bel.com/fr/groupe/histoire
http://www.lip.fr/fr/histoire