commercial 1 track unit 7 –natural gas vehicles...
TRANSCRIPT
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Track: Commercial Natural Gas I
Unit #7: Natural Gas Vehicles
An overview of the NGV Marketplace
Ms. Tina Read, Energy Solutions Center
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NGV Market Background
Vehicles and Conversions
Fueling stations and Options
Infrastructure
Legislative updates
Case Studies
Resources
Overview
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Compressed Natural Gas is Clean, American, Affordable & Abundant
CNG is the same natural gas that is piped into millions of homes for heating, domestic water heating and cooking
CNG is better for the environment than traditional transportation fuels: approximately 6% to 11% lower levels of GHGs than gasoline
(http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/natural_gas_emissions.html)
Why use CNG as a transportation fuel?
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Approximately 150,000 NGVs are on U.S. roads today – more than 15.2 million worldwide
There are 1,600+ NGV fueling stations in the U.S. 900+ of the stations are open to the public Home Refueling Appliances are available
Vehicle Manufacturers in the U.S. Various manufacturers produce many models of light, medium, and heavy‐duty vehicles and engines
NGV Facts
https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/natural_gas.html (Jan. 2018)
https://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/natural_gas_locations.html
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Natural gas varies in cost from ~$1.00–$2.00 less per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) ‐ One GGE of natural gas is 126.67 cubic feet (3.587 m3)
NGV Facts
Pricing from 2013
http://www.cngnow.com/average‐cng‐prices/pages/default.aspx
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Gasoline Gallon Equivalent ‐ comparing the BTU content per unit of each fuel type and then calculating the ratio.
What is a GGE?
Metric GGE
1 kg of natural gas = 1.462 litres of diesel
1 kg of natural gas = 50,020 BTU
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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https://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/10349
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In the U.S. alone, NGVs offset the use of over 400 million gallons (1,514 million liters) of gasoline in 2015
NGVs meet the strictest emission standards, including California’s AT‐PZEV standard
NGVs are as safe as or safer than traditional gasoline or diesel vehicles
NGV Facts
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In worldwide classification, Canada ranks 29th
with about 12,000 NGVs This number includes 300 heavy‐duty vehicles, 150 urban transit buses, 45 school buses, 9,450 light duty cars and trucks and 2,400 forklifts and ice‐resurfacers Canadian manufacturer’s Cummins and Westport developing engines for NGV market
Canadian NGV Market
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Transit buses in US
Increased from 10,179 in 2007 to 16,416 in 2015
26 percent of all new transit bus orders over the last 5 years were for natural gas
about 12‐15% of public transit buses in the U.S. run on natural gas
NGV Facts
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Waste collection and transfer vehicles, which account for about 12 percent of total vehicular natural gas use, are the fastest growing NGV segment
More than 35 airports in the U.S. have natural gas vehicles in their own fleets – 9 percent of total vehicular natural gas use
NGV Facts
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Safety of CNG vehicles is on par or higher than with gasoline
The pressurized tank is built to withstand severe impact, temperature and environment exposure
CNG is lighter than air. It evaporates quickly into the atmosphere when there is a leak instead of collecting as a puddle under the car like gasoline
Natural gas has very limited flammability – it will not burn at concentrations below 5% or above about 15% when mixed with air
NGV Safety
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Gasoline and diesel burns at much lower concentrations and ignite at lower temperatures
Natural gas is non toxic when evaporated into air
CNG storage tanks also have an automatic relief valve
When the pressure or temperature is excessive the valve will open and release the gas into the atmosphere to reduce the pressure
NGV Safety
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Environment friendly
No loss in performance
Cost savings – CNG vs. other fuel(s)
Extended maintenance intervals
Operational flexibility
Extended driving range with dual fuel system
NGV Benefits
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Vehicle Development
Natural Gas Vehicles
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Pressures
Weight of tank
New Materials:
Ingevity's Nuchar® FuelSorb™ activated carbon monoliths
Tank Development
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http://www.cngschool.com/cng‐tanks
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Alternative Fuels Data Center
Available Vehicles –Light Duty
https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/search/
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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How does a dedicated NGV work?
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Alternative Fuels Data Center
Available Vehicles –Medium – and Heavy Duty
https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/search/
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Vehicles available as approved conversions and factory direct equipment
Vehicle types
Heavy Duty
Heavy Haul
Specialty Vehicles ‐ Sweepers
Sedans, Trucks & SUVs
Available Vehicles
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Fleet Conversions
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Approved conversion packages available from numerous manufacturers
Allows for “dual fuel” option on vehicle including E‐85 vehicles
Dual fuel – Diesel/Natural Gas systems available
Diesel as a pilot fuel – not a spark ignition engine
Up to 85% Natural Gas
Fleet Conversions
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ECM wire harness 3% by volume of Natural Gas in the turbo chamber.
LEL(Lower Explosion Limit requires 5‐15% by volume)
Remote Display Unit
V5000 Engine Kit Installed
Courtesy of W.W.Williams
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Market Drivers
95% less particulate matter
80 % less nitrogen oxide
Provides a reduction of 23% in greenhouse gas emissions when compared to diesel engines
Conversion Market
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Systems may be ordered directly through automotive dealerships when placing an order for a new vehicle
All of the systems listed are aftermarket from the standpoint that they are offered as modifications to original equipment manufacturer (OEM) gasoline or diesel fueled vehicles
NGV Aftermarket Conversion Systems
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List is maintained by NGV America on their website at NGVAmerica.org
NGV Aftermarket Conversion Systems
https://www.ngvamerica.org/vehicles/vehicle‐availability/
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Codes & Standards
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Designed to standardize connectors, on‐board storage and on‐site storage vessels
Specifications for dispensers and dispensing equipment
Primary authors ANSI – American National Standards Institute
CGA ‐ Compressed Gas Association
NFPA ‐ National Fire Protection Association SAE ‐ Society of Automotive Engineers
Codes and Standards
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Principle Codes, Standards and Advisories applicable to NGVs and Infrastructure
NFPA 52 – Vehicular Gaseous Fuel Systems Code ‐2010 – new edition approved in 2013
ANSI NGV1‐2006 – Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Fueling Connection Devices
ANSI NGV2‐2007 and 2012 Addendums 2a and 2b – Basic Requirements for Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel Containers
Codes and Standards
Complete Listing at cleanvehicle.org
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Fueling Stations
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On‐site Fueling Stations Time Fill Station
Fast Fill Stations
Residential Appliance
Public Fueling Stations
Current Outlook
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Compressor capacity: 2 scfm per GGE/hr.
Electricity for compression: ~ 1 kWh per GGE
CNG storage available for fast‐fill: 0.35 x SCF at 4,500 psig
CNG Station Sizing Rules of Thumb
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Time Fill Stations
GasSupply
Dryer
Compressor3000‐3600 psi
MultipleFill Posts
Fill Posts(Temp. Compensation Control)
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Use conventional reciprocating compressors
3 or 4 stages
Fuel line directly connected to vehicle
Vehicle fueled over hours from compressor
Ideal for Fleet Operations that return daily for overnight fueling
Time Fill Stations
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Fast Fill Stations
GasSupply
Dryer
Compressor3000 – 3600 PSI
Fuel DispensingVehicle Fill Control
StorageTanks
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Fast Fill Station
http://www.fleetsandfuels.com/wp‐content/uploads/KwikTripnight‐e1335803641906‐1024x310.jpg
http://cleanngreenfuel.com/ny/
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Use conventional reciprocating compressors 3 or 4 stages
Fuel compressed and stored in large tanks
Vehicle fueled in minutes
Ideal for Public Fueling Stations and Fleet Operations that require rapid fueling Transit systems
Short haul trucking firms
Shuttle services
Fast Fill Stations
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Public Fueling Stations
GasSupply
Dryer
Compressor3000 – 3600 PSI
Fuel DispensingVehicle Fill Control
StorageTanks
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center, part of the DOE EERE office
U.S. Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)Fueling Stations
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Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)Fueling Stations
Source: http://www.cngprices.com/station_map.php
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Fuels at rate of ~ ½ gallon/hr.
Electrical: 240 VAC, 0.8 kWh
Residential Appliance
GasSupply
Phill P36 (3600 psi) Phill P30 (3000 psi)
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Manufactured by BRC FuelMaker – distributed and serviced in U.S. by IMPCO
Maintenance‐free
Certified as a Vehicle Refueling Appliance for indoor & outdoor use
May open the opportunity for Light‐duty/commuter market
Residential Appliance
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Fueling Options
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Renewable Natural Gas
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Biogas
AKA RNG – Renewable Natural Gas in a ‘raw’ form
The United States could generate up to 420 billion cubic feet of renewable natural gas per year from waste sources, or around 1.5% of current U.S. natural gas consumption.
Source: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory
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Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Landfills Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Billy Malone, DeKalb County Sanitation
CNG Fueling Station
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Electrical Plant
Flare Station
CNG Station
RFF Plant
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Supplement conventional pipeline
To reach customers who are in difficult to reach locations
During times of peak demand
During pipeline congestion
When repairing pipelines
Virtual Pipelines
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Infrastructure
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Options Utility builds and rate bases the facility
Work with other entities to build infrastructure
VNG.co
Trillium CNG
Others – see case studies section
Building the Infrastructure
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Public access to fueling locations
Maintenance
Billing/Collections
Facility liabilities
Utility Station Issues
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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VNG.co Co‐Located within existing gasoline stations
Provides convenient, accessible & familiar fueling experience
Full responsibility for infrastructure
Purchases, installs, services & maintain ownership
VNG in control of facility installation & operation
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Trillium CNG
Over 80 CNG Stations built, upgraded, or operated
Trillium CNG will design, build, operate and maintain the station – providing full turn key services
Trillium CNG will finance CNG vehicle conversions & refueling stations
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Legislative Developments
Legislative Developments
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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NAT GAS Act of 2011 (H.R. 1380 and S. 1863) EXTENDED through 2017 Amends the Internal Revenue Code to:
(1) allow an excise tax credit for alternative fuels and fuel mixtures involving compressed or liquefied natural gas;
(2) allow an income tax credit for alternative fuel motor vehicles powered by compressed or liquefied natural gas and make Indian tribal governments eligible for such credits;
Political Acceptance
CONTINUED
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Political Acceptance
NAT GAS Act of 2011 (H.R. 1380 and S. 1863) (3) modify the tax credit percentage for alternative fuel vehicles fueled by natural gas or liquefied natural gas;
(4) allow a new tax credit for the production of vehicles fueled by natural gas or liquefied natural gas; and
(5) the tax credit for alternative fuel vehicle refueling property expenditures for refueling property relating to compressed or liquefied natural gas and allow an increased credit for such property
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NGVs may exceed the federal maximum gross vehicle weight limit by an amount equal to the difference of the weight of the natural gas tank and fueling system and the weight of a comparable diesel tank and fueling system. The NGV must not exceed a maximum gross vehicle weight of 82,000 pounds. (Reference Public Law 114‐94 and 23 U.S. Code 127(s))
NGV Weight Exemption
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Federal NGV Tax Incentives Federal NGV Grant Programs Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program
Federal Transit Authority Grants Clean Cities Program Voluntary Airport Low Emission Vehicle Program
National Clean Diesel Campaign
State NGV Incentives Varies by state
Other Governmental Programs
https://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/recent
https://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/fed_summary
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School Boards
Local Delivery
Long Haul Delivery
Utility Fleets
NGV Audience
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Case Studies
Golden Eagle Distributors/Ryder
SoCal Gas
Kwik Mart
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Tucson, AZ third CNG fueling station Golden Eagle operates 23 heavy duty fleet vehicles
Station built at Golden Eagle’s headquarters ‐ also open to the public
Partnered with TrilliumCNG to construct the station
Golden Eagle will continue to work with Ryder to introduce more heavy duty CNG vehicles into its fleet
Golden Eagle Distributors
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Cost of leasing Tucson delivery fleet Diesel: $414,924 per year
CNG: $496,572 per year
Increase: $ 81,648 per year
Fuel costs per year – 90,000 gallons Diesel: $358,020 per year
CNG: $216,000 per year
Savings: $142,020 per year
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Annual fleet savings due to vehicle licensing (no VLT – savings of $1,500 per year per vehicle)
Savings of $34,500 per year
Reduced vehicle maintenance expense
Since Dec. 2011, little to no mechanical issues
10% ‐ $12,500 per year
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Total Expected Savings
$107,372 per year
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Nation’s first Alternative Fuels Fueling Station – developing a functional Natural Gas infrastructure in WI, MN and IA
Providing a Fleet Solution to public
Leverage Kwik Trip’s Fleet experience
Offer same Natural Gas Service and Support to public that is offered to their fleet
Kwik Trip
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Developed Alternative Fuels Fueling Station for all alternate fuels
CNG (compressed natural gas)
LNG (liquid natural gas)
Propane
Biodiesel (B5, B20)
E-85
Various EV charging systems
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Numerous Projects
City of Ontario – Refuse Trucks & Vehicles
60 vehicles that run on compressed natural gas
75% of the solid‐waste trucks plus assorted pickups and medium‐duty trucks
Used five days a week in the normal course of city operations
In operation since 1994
SoCal Gas
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School Busses Placentia‐Yorba Linda Unified School District
In operation since 1994
SCAQMD awarded approximately $500,000 in grants, or 80% of the total costs, for six CNG buses and on‐site refueling station
Time‐fill system eliminates the downtime spent in fueling lines
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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School Busses Placentia‐Yorba Linda Unified School District
38 CNG buses in operation since 2005
CNG buses have a range of about 300 miles versus about 450 miles for diesel
Grants covered 80% of the $1 million cost of the infrastructure of the CNG fueling facility
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Street Sweepers RF Dickson Company
Began their transition to CNG technology in 1999 First CNG sweeper in June of 2002 Today own and operate one of the largest private fueling facilities in Southern California
High‐powered compressors provides fueling for eight city fleets, five school districts, CALTRAN, airport shuttles, personal autos, taxis, private fleets and their own street sweepers
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Transit Busses Culver City
Began using CNG in 1996
46 transit buses (entire fleet) – ranked the second best green fleet in North America in 2008
Equipment also includes 41 CNG powered refuse trucks, heavy‐duty public works trucks, parks vehicles, and various staff cars
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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NGV ResourcesAvailable tools to provide additional information
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ESC – Energy Solutions Center Located in Washington, DC
Consortium of utility companies interested in the promotion of gas technologies
Offering an NGV Workgroup
www.escenter.org
Associations & Resources
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NGVAmerica – Natural Gas Vehicles for America
Located in Washington, DC
Represents more than 150 companies, environmental groups, and government organizations
www.ngvc.org
Associations & Resources
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance Located in Ottawa, ON
Advocates on behalf of Canada's natural gas vehicle industry
www.cngva.org
www.gowithnaturalgas.ca
Associations & Resources
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NGVi – Natural Gas Vehicle Institute
Located in Las Vegas, NV Established in 1989
Provide training and consulting on natural gas as a transportation fuel
www.ngvi.com
Associations & Resources
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ANSI – American National Standards Institute
Located in Washington, DC
Established in 1918
Oversees the creation, promulgation and use of guidelines that directly impact businesses in nearly every sector
www.ansi.org
Associations & Resources
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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CGA – Compressed Gas Association
Located in Chantilly VA
Established in 19183
Dedicated to the development and promotion of safety standards and safe practices in the industrial gas industry
www.cganet.com
Associations & Resources
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Cobey Energy, Buffalo, NY http://www.cobeyenergy.com/Virtual_Pipeline/virtual_pipeline.html
NG Advantage (Clean Energy company) in Milton, Vt. NG Advantage has grown quite a bit since we had them present, and now they are owned by Clean Energy. http://www.ngadvantage.com/
Xpress Natural Gas, Andover, MA http://xng.com/ Blue Gas Marine, Cary, NC http://bluegasmarine.com/fueling‐solutions/
Luxfer GTM http://www.luxfergtm.com/about‐us.html On Board Dynamics http://www.onboarddynamics.com/ GE Oil and Gas https://www.geoilandgas.com/pipeline‐storage/virtual‐pipeline
Virtual Pipeline Companies
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Availability by Type
Natural Gas Vehicles
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Heavy Duty Vehicles
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Vehicle Development – Heavy Duty
Buses, Shuttles and Trolleys – Partial list
NABI, New Flyer, Orion, Thomas, ElDorado, Blue Bird, Optima, Gillig, Variety of shuttle 2nd stage up‐fitters
Ford F450 and F550 with 6.8L engine
Ford F59 strip chassis with 6.8L engine
GMC C 6500/7500/8500 Topkick Series with 8.1L GM engine (retrofits of existing stock only)
GMC C4500/5500 Series Cutaway w 8.1L GM engine (retrofits of existing stock only)
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Heavy Haul Vehicles
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Vehicle Development – Heavy Duty
Heavy‐Haul Trucks – Partial list
KenworthT800, Peterbilt386
Isuzu NPR and NPR HD cab‐over chassis w GM 6.0L engine (retrofits of existing inventory only)
Refuse collection trucks
Crane Carrier LET, AutocarXpeditor, ALF‐Condor, PeterbiltLCF 320 and Mack TerraPro, Many 2nds tage upfitters (e.g. Heil, McNeilus, Amrep, Labrie, PennFlex, EZ‐Pak, others)
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Sweepers & Work / Vocational Trucks
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Vehicle Development – Heavy Duty
Sweepers
(Elgin, Tymco, Schwarze, Allianz‐Johnston)
Work / Vocational Trucks
Freightliner M2 tractor and straight truck, Autocarand Capacity yard hostlers, KenworthT8SH, T440, T470, Peterbilt384 and 365, International DT466/MaxxForceDT‐equipped trucks
Workhorse W42 Chassis step‐van chassis w GM 6.0L
Workhorse W62 w GM 8.1L engine (retrofits of existing stock only)
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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Sedans – Trucks & SUVs
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Vehicle Development ‐ Sedans
1.8L Dedicated Honda Civic‐natural gas (OEM)
2.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Focus
2.3L and 2.5L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Escape and Fusion
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4.8L and 5.3L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Tahoe
5.3L and 6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated GMC Sierra + Chevy Silverado 15/25/35
5.3L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Avalanche
5.3L Chevy BiFuel and Dedicated Suburban, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL
5.3L Dedicated Chevy Colorado and GMC Canyon
Vehicle Development – Trucks & SUVs
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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5.4L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford F150, F250, F350 6.2L Super Duty soon
5.4L Dedicated Ford Expedition and Lincoln Navigator
6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy or GMC 2500HD, 3500 Series Cab & Chassis
Vehicle Development – Trucks & SUVs
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Vans
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2.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Transit Connect
4.6L Dedicated VPG Auto MV‐1 Paratransit
4.8L, 5.3L and 6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Express and GMC Savana Vans
5.4L Dedicated Ford E250, E350 Cargo and Passenger Van
Vehicle Development ‐ Vans
Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
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6.0L Chevy or GMC G3500 Series Cab & Chassis and Van Cutaway
6.0L GMC and Chevy G4500 Cutaway
6.8L Dedicated Ford E450 cutaway
Vehicle Development ‐ Vans
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