commercial building energy alliance led site (parking lot) lighting … · 2011. 2. 17. · energy...

eb ua 0

Lighting and Controls Supplier Summit commercialbuildings.energy.gov

Your logo here

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM

Commercial Building Energy Alliance LED Site (Parking Lot) Lighting Performance Specification(Parking Lot) Lighting Performance Specification

Michael Myer, PNNL Mark Peternell, Regency

CBEA Webinar February 17, 2011 , g y

Centers y ,

-

Table of Contents

• Overview • Illuminance • Lighting Power Density • Economics • Reliability •• Specifications in Practice Specifications in Practice • Regency Centers

– Willston Centre – Granada Village

2 | Commercial Building Energy Alliance PNNL SA-77933

-

Overview U.S. Energy Use


-

Overview Commercial Building Energy Alliances

Common Challenges

EnergyEfficiencyEfficiency


-

Overview Commercial Building Energy Alliances

Market Share of Alliance Members* RetailerRetailer Commercial Real Estate Commercial Real Estate HospitalHospital

Energy Alliance Energy Alliance Energy Alliance

• 54 members • 61 members • 49 members • 2.8 billion ft2 • 4.5 billion ft2 • 0.5 billion ft2

* Includes only those members who reported square footage as of July 30, 2010.


-

Overview Webinar

Occupations of Attendees of Today’s Webinar

7%7%

CBEA Member

3% EEPS Other 33%Building

Owner / Manager

3% 16%

St t /Manufacturer

Manager 9%

State / Federal

Government

32%


Ga t

members work with technical

Overview Model Technical Specifications

Commercial Building Energy Alliance members work together, with technicaltogether, support from DOE, to develop energy efficient, high performance Model Technical Specifications

LED Parking Lot Lighting

High Efficiency Parking Garage Lighting Lot Lighting age g g

LED Refrigerated

7 | Commercial Building Energy Alliance PNNL-SA-77933

Case Lighting Unitary Rooftop Air Conditioner

-

Overview What is a specification?

Performance Specification: •• Adopted by end user / site Adopted by end user / site

– E.g., Walmart, Walgreens, Regency Centers • Product must deliver X (e.g., lumens, footcandles (fc), uniformity) for Y

it ( W/ f W kWh) energy units (e.g., W/sf, W, kWh)

Technology Specification: • Can be done via RFP/Mass Procurement • Can be incentivized by utility or energy efficiency program • Exampple of ligghting, p g, product X delivers Y lumens for Z watts • Examples: ENERGY STAR, CEE Premium T8s, Etc.


– =

-

Illuminance What is needed?

Illuminance Recommendation per RP-20-00 Basic EnhancedRecommendation per RP 20 00 Basic Enhanced

Security Minimum Horizontal Illuminance 0.2 fc 0.5 fc Uniformity Ration: Maximum to Minimum 20:1 15:1Uniformity Ration: Maximum to Minimum 20:1 15:1 Minimum Vertical Illuminance 0.1 fc 0.25 fc

• RP-20-00 sets a relatively low MINIMUM illuminance • Sites actually require:

– 3 fc average – 5 fc average – 10 f10 fc average – “As much allowed by code”

7 2 Average of 6.03 = Average of 6 0 0.8, 2, 3, 2.5 = Average of 2.5

• Average is misleading: 18 0 3 18, 0.3, 7, 2, 3

– 4,


rea

-

Illuminance What is required?

Illuminance Requirements

Main Parking A Main Parking Area Ambient Condition Horizontal Illuminance Vertical Illuminance

Lighting Zone 0 N/A N/A

Lighting Zone 1 N/A N/A

Lighting Zone 2 0 50 fc 0 25 fc Lighting Zone 2 0.50 fc 0.25 fc

Lighting Zone 3 0.75 fc 0.40 fc

Lighting Zone 4 1.00 fc 0.50 fc Notes: 1. Values in table are minimum values 2. Horizontal illuminance is on the parking surface 3. Vertical illuminance is taken 5’ above finished ggrade ((AFG))



Perimeter Parking

Parking Lot Areas

Perimeter Parking

Front Aisle

Loading/Rear Drive


-


Illuminance Requirements

Other Parking Areas Ambient Condition

Perimeter Parking

Front Aisle Entry Drives, Loading Areas Rear DrivesCondition Parking Areas, Rear Drives

Lighting Zone 0 N/A N/A N/A

Lighting Zone 1 N/A N/A N/A

Lighting Zone 2 0.20 fc 1.00 fc 0.20 fc

Lighting Zone 3 0.40 fc 1.50 fc 0.40 fc

Lighting Zone 4 0 50 fc 2 00 fc 0 50 fcLighting Zone 4 0.50 fc 2.00 fc 0.50 fc

Notes: 1. Values in table are minimum values 2. Horizontal illuminance is on the parking surface


-

Lighting Power Density

Comparison of Power Density Zone CBEA ASHRAE/IESNA ASHRAE/IESNA CAZone CBEA

Spec ASHRAE/IESNA Std. 90.1-2007

ASHRAE/IESNA Std. 90.1-2010

CA Title 24-2008

All Zones 0.15 W/sf

4 0.08 W/sf 0.13 W/sf 0.115 W/sf +1,030W

3 0 06 W/sf 0 10 W/sf 0 092 W/sf 3 0.06 W/sf 0.10 W/sf 0.092 W/sf +770W

2 0.05 W/sf 0.06 W/sf 0.045 W/sf +510W510W

1 0.04 W/sf 0.04 W/sf 0.036 W/sf +340W

Consult specific code for all requirements Consult specific code for all requirements

Limiting LPD → Energy Savings 13 | Commercial Building Energy Alliance PNNL SA-77933

Why a Performance Spec? Pulse-Start Metal Halide Example

Lighting System: 400 W PSMH fixture

Illuminance Data: Average: 4.85 fc Max: 15 fcMax: 15 fc Min: 0.2 Max: Min: 75

Power Density: 0.10 W/sf

Source: Computer Rendering


Why a Performance Spec? LED Example

Lighting System: 217 W LED fixture

Illuminance Data:

Average: 2 02 fcAverage: 2.02 fc Max: 3.5 fc Min: 0.3 Max: Min: 11.67

Power Density: 0 06 W/sf0.06 W/sf

Source: Computer Rendering


¢/kWh

-

Economics Where do LEDs make sense?

Average Retail Electricity Price by State, 2009 STATE ¢HI 21.21 CT 18.06 NY 15 52 NY 15.52 MA 15.45 NH 15.13 AK 15.09 NJ 14.52 RI 14.23RI 14.23 CA 13.24 ME 13.09

Source: Energy Information Agency


D il H f O ti 4 8 12

-


Hours of Operation

Daily Hours of Operation 4 8 12 Annual Hours of Operation 1,460 2,920 4,380 Possibility Low Medium High

• Energy = power x time • Energy can be saved byy:gy

– Reducing power - Limiting LPD (see earlier slide); – Reducing time (operating hours); or – Combination of both

• Combination – LEDs can be dimmed or controlled with occupancy sensors

• Sites need to evaluate operation


$


Maintenance •• Lamps & Ballasts have to be monitoredLamps & Ballasts have to be monitored and replaced

• Maintenance is a real cost, not always factored in or knownfactored in or known

• Actual price will vary by mounting height and geographical location

•Real numbers from real installations: – $225 – average – $65 / person / hour – RS Means – $130 - $150 – Minnesota – $225 – California – $400 – New Hampshire

• Deferred maintenance costs helps with pa back of LEDs payback of LEDs

Source: PNNL


-


LED Luminaire Lumen Output Correlates to Cost LED MH Shoebox MHLED MH Shoebox MH

“Architectural” Power 110 220 288 456 456 Luminaire 5665 11330 16476 28421 29307Luminaire Lumens

5665 11330 16476 28421 29307

Price $1352 $2372 $625 $695 $911 L 4 19 l /$ 4 78 l /$ 26 36 l /$ 40 63 l /$ 32 17 l /$ Lumen per Dollar

4.19 lm/$ 4.78 lm/$ 26.36 lm/$ 40.63 lm/$ 32.17 lm/$

Disclaimer: Price will vary per project. Values shown to highlight relationship between price and outputbetween price and output

Source: Grainger


-

ReliabilityWarranty

I paid how much? And how long is the warranty?

• Retailers nervous about investing without sufficient warranty

• Industry moving towards 5-year warranty

•• Warranty should cover both light Warranty should cover both light output and color


-

ReliabilityLife

How long will the LED system live/operate? 1.100

2010 replacement lamps and luminaires 6000 hour data 2010 replacement lamps and luminaires 6000 hour data Series2 1.050

Series8

1.000 Series11 Series11

0.950 Series13

0.900 Series14

Series21 0.850

L70-50K 0.800

L70-35K 0.750

L70-15K 0.700

2000 3000 4000 5000 600000 10001000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Source: CALiPER


Specification in PracticeLeavenworth, KS

Source: GE


Specification in PracticeLeavenworth, KS

Highlights: • WalmartWalmart • 500,000 sq feet (parking area) • 92 LED luminaires

– GE E GE Evollve • Pole height 37’ AFG • Avg: 1.27 fc Min: 0.8 fc (initial) • Payback: 6 – 10 years • Cost of electricity: ≈$0.06 / kWh • 63% energy savings compared to63% energy savings compared to

standard design • 0.04 W/SF

Source: GE


Specification in PracticeManchester, NH


Source: BetaLED

–

Specification in PracticeManchester, NH

Highlights: • T.J. Maxx ((Anchor)) • 150,000 sq feet (parking area) • 25 LED luminaires

BetaLED EdgeBetaLED Edge • Pole height 33’ AFG • Avg: 2.03 fc Min: 1.03 fc (initial) • P b k 3 10Payback: 3 – 10 years • Cost of electricity: ≈$0.14 / kWh • 63% energy savings compared to

previous installation design • 0.04 W/SF


Regency Centers

Leading national owner, operator and developer of grocery-anchored and community shopping centersand community shopping centers

• 396 centers

– 53M square feet of GLA

• Properties in 28 states + D.C.

–17 offices nationwide

• Publicly listed on NYSE

– $5.9B market cap

Regency’s commitment to develop and operate environmentally sustainable shopping centers that utilize an evolving set of best practices in building design, construction, operations and maintenance

• Formally initiated in 2007

F ll l hi t f lit d i ti • Follows a long history of quality and innovation

• Importance of industry sustainability leadership – Increased investor interestIncreased investor interest

– Creates development opportunities

– Other stakeholder interests

– Compliance with increasing regulations

• Significant opportunity for utility expense savings

Why Outdoor Lighting?Why Outdoor Lighting?

• Increased focus on energy efficiency across all sectors – $9.5M annual electricity expense for outdoor lighting

M j it ll • Majority off overa ll energy expense

• Increasing 4 – 5% annually

– $2.3M annual lighting maintenance

– Combined 11% of total OPEX

– $300k - $400k annually on lighting retrofit projects

Regency Lighting Practices

• No national lighting specification or standard – Design to tenant and/or jurisdictional requirements – Huge differences from site to siteferences from site to siteHuge dif

• Average footcandle values vary from 1.5 – 10

• Begs the question “how much light is right?”

– Above factors make it difficult to adopt lighting policy Above factors make it difficult to adopt lighting policy

• Retrofit Decision Making Criteria – Replacing older, less efficient technology

• High consumption and / or high rates

• Maintenance expense history

– Not alwayys an economic or ppayyback decision • Emphasis on “right-sizing”

• Importance of aesthetics

• Economic criteria more important for comparing “whatwhat” not “ifif”• Economic criteria more important for comparing not

Willston Centre II, Falls Church, VA Sit OSite Overviiew • Originally constructed in 1986

– Reggency purchased in 2005y p

• 127,450 square feet, anchored by Safeway

– Includes mix of national and local restaurant, office, and retail tenants

• Safeway’s desire to expand led to complete redevelopment

– Exterior façade

– New signage

– Parkingg lot and landscappe

– Exterior lighting

AFTER

Willston Centre II, Falls Church, VA

Site Overview

Previous Lighting Conditions

• 25-year old system • 1,000W Probe-Start Metal Halide

– 30’ poles – 8 fc average – 40:1 max / min ratio40:1 max / min ratio

• Expensive to operate – $20k per year in electricity – $500 month maintenance

• Site inspection

• MaterialsMaterials

• Labor

–

Decision Process

• Decision to replace lighting a foregone conclusion – Modernization of center

– Original budget for 400W pulse start metal halide

• Justifications for considering LED – Unlikely without DOE/ PNNL involvementUnlikely without DOE/ PNNL involvement

• Learning curve associated with new technology

– Cost savings in other areas of construction budget

– Significant operational cost savings

– Improve uniformity and color quality

– Test site for large real estate portfolio Test site for large real estate portfolio

Luminaire Selection Process • Multiple manufacturers sought:

– GE Lighting – Coopper – LSI Industries – BetaLED

• Slow / no response from manySlow / no response from many – Development is fast-paced – Number of players slows process – R tRetrofit fits add compli licationsdd ti

• Selected Cooper Luminaire – Responsiveness – Ability to meet schedule – Modularity – Price

Project Highlights 55 206W LED l i• 55, 206W LED lumiinaires

– Change from two 12-bar fixtures to three 8-bar fixtures • Avg - 2.97 fc, Min - 0.9 fc, Max - 9.3 fc, Max: Min – 10.3:1 • Excluded pole and labor cost from payback analysis because “sunk cost” • Althouggh ligght levels are less,, end-user res pponse has been neutral

Energy Savings compared to

Energy Savings compared to

Payback compared to 1000W

Payback compared to p

1000W baseline p

400W baseline baseline* p 400W

400W PSMH 59% 2.28 yrs

206W LED 75% 40% 3.53 yrs 6.54 yrs

* Excludes cost of poles and labor

Granada Village, Granada Hills, CA

Site Overview • Originally constructed in 1965

– Currently undergoing redevelopment

• 224,754 square feet, anchored by TJ Maxx, Stein Mart, Rite Aid, and Sprouts

• Existing “cobra head” 1000W probe-start metal halide fixtures

–1.5 footcandle average (measured) – Significant max/min – 40’ poles

Granada Village, Granada Hills, CA

Decision Process • Considered LED and PSMH • Spacing and pole height required

quads for LED option • Same or better light levels achieved withSame or better light levels achieved with

two 750W PSMH • First cost prohibited use of LED

Lessons Learned and Conclusions

• Lack of industry consensus on light levels

• Manage perceptions about LEDs versus metal halide

• Design and procurement process inefficient

• LED more feasible with lower light levels, shorter pole heights, and/or shorter distances between polesand/or shorter distances between poles

– Can not compete on a costs basis with 750W or higher metal halide

• Interested in using lighting controls – LEDs can be dimmed and offer h i l b fi other potential benefits

•Will continue to consider LED, but first cost still big driver in decision makingg

DOE CBEA SpecificationsConclusion

Questions?

Link to specification: • http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings

/ lli / ki l t li hti ht l/alliances/parking_lot_lighting.html

Points of Contact:Points of Contact: • Linda Sandahl

– [email protected]

• Michael Myer – [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings

-

Resources DOE Energy Alliances

Commercial Building Energy Alliances

• Commercial Building Energy Alliances (CBEA) – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/alliances/about.html

• Commercial Real Estate Energy Alliance (CREEA) – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/alliances/commercial_real_

estate.htmlestate.html

• Hospital Energy Alliance (HEA) – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/alliances/hospital_energy_

allilliance.hthtmll


http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/alliances/hospital_energyhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/alliances/commercial_realhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/alliances/about.html

-

Resources DOE SSL Commercialization

DOE SSL Commercialization

• DOE Solid-State Lighting Home Page – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/

• Standards Development – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/standards.html

•• SSL Quality Advocates SSL Quality Advocates – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/advocates.html

• SSL Qualityy Advocates - Ligghtingg Facts – www.lightfacts.com

• CALiPER – htthttp:// //www1.eere.energy.gov/b/buildings//ssl/l/caliliper.hthtmll1 ildi


http:www.lightfacts.comhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/advocates.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/standards.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl

-

Resources DOE SSL Commercialization

DOE SSL Commercialization

• Technical Information Network – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/technetwork.html

• Standards Development – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/standards.html

•• SSL GATEWAY Demonstrations SSL GATEWAY Demonstrations – http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/gatewaydemos.html

• Ligghtingg For Tomorrow – http://www.lightingfortomorrow.org/

• Next Generation Luminaires htthttp:// //www.ngldc.org//– ld


http:www.ngldc.orghttp:http://www.lightingfortomorrow.orghttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/gatewaydemos.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/standards.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/technetwork.html

Commercial Building Energy Alliance LED Site (Parking Lot) Lighting Performance Specification(SpecificationTable of ContentsOverview - U.S. Energy UseOverview - Commercial Building Energy AlliancesMarket Share of Alliance MembersOccupations of Attendees of Today’s WebinarOverview - Model Technical SpecificationsWhat is a specification?IlluminanceWhat is needed?Illuminance RequirementsParking Lot Areas Illuminance Requirements

Comparison of Power DensityWhy a Performance Spec? Why a Performance Spec? LED ExampleEconomicsWhere do LEDs make sense?Maintenance LED Luminaire Lumen Output

ReliabilityWarrantyHow long will the LED system live/operateSpecification in Practice - Leavenworth, KSSpecification in Practice - Manchester, NHRegency Centers Why Outdoor Lighting? Regency Lighting PracticesWillston Centre II, Falls Church, VAWillston Centre II, Falls Church, VA Site OverviewPrevious Lighting ConditionsDecision Process Luminaire Selection ProcessProject HighlightsGranada Village, Granada Hills, CAGranada Village, Granada Hills, CA Lessons Learned and Conclusions DOE CBEASpecificationsConclusionResourcesDOE Energy AlliancesDOE SSL Commercialization DOE SSL Commercialization

commercial building energy alliance led site (parking lot) lighting … · 2011. 2. 17. · energy...

Documents