commissioning fire-life safety systems presenter: mark leafstedt, pe, cxa 2008 acg annual meeting...
TRANSCRIPT
COMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONING FIRE-LIFE SAFETY FIRE-LIFE SAFETY
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
Presenter: Mark Leafstedt, PE, CxA
2008 ACG Annual Meeting
Best Practices for Total Building Commissioning!Best Practices for Total Building Commissioning!
AgendaAgenda
¡¡ Viva Las Vegas Viva Las Vegas !!
Fire Life Safety Building CodesFire Life Safety Building Codes
Means & Methods of Fire Life Means & Methods of Fire Life Safety CommissioningSafety Commissioning
ConclusionConclusion
StatisticsAccording to 2005 statistics published by Insider Viewpoint Las Vegas:
80+ major casinos 133,000 hotel rooms w/ 89.2% occupancy (20,000+
more open by 2010) 38.6 million tourists• >25 billion $ in current construction • 7 out of the top 10 world’s largest hotels reside within a
five-mile radius of each other in Las Vegas • The largest hotel has approximately 5500 guest rooms
Viva Las VegasViva Las Vegas
Relationship to Commissioning
100% growth each year since 1950 = More construction
Schedule = Liquidated damages of up to $7 million a day
Dependency on tourism = Occupant comfort is paramount
Reputation = Need for safety and strictest codes in the country
High occupancy = Little to no time for maintenance
Viva Las VegasViva Las Vegas
Building Commissioning is an owner-driven requirements.
Smoke Control/ Life Safety Commissioning is a Code driven requirement.
Life Safety Cx vs Building Cx
Viva Las VegasViva Las Vegas
The MGM Grand Fire
1980 fire swept through the 26-story hotel, killing 84 and injuring 679.
There were about 5,000 people in the hotel at the time.
This was the second largest hotel fire in history.
It started in the first floor restaurant and spread at a rate of 19 feet per second.
A massive fireball traveled through the casino and blew through the glass entrance doors, injuring people and destroying cars.
WHAT?
Viva Las VegasViva Las Vegas
The MGM Grand Fire
The Hotel had refused to pay for the $192,000 sprinkler system.
WHY?
A wire was not properly grounded.
A compressor was not properly installed.
A supposedly smoke-free stairwell that was a crucial escape route filled with smoke.
A piece of copper was not insulated correctly.
…all of which “could have been found had the area been inspected.”
Source: Sunday, November 19, 2000, Copyright © Las Vegas Review-Journal “MGM GRAND FIRE: THE DEADLIEST DAY” by Glenn Puit
The laundry chutes failed to seal, and defects existed in the HVAC system -- all contributing to the spread of smoke.”
A fire alarm never sounded.
Viva Las VegasViva Las Vegas
MGM GRAND FIRE OF 1980MGM GRAND FIRE OF 1980
Just one bad Building?
Just 3 months later, there was a fire in the Las Vegas Hilton that resulted in 8 dead and 198 injured.
Results of the MGM Fire
• $223 million in legal settlements
• Extensive Changes in NFPAIncluding fire protection for seismic joints, elevator standards, smoke-proof enclosures, active/passive fire protection systems
• Evolution of the following building codes for high-rise buildings1994 UBC, section 9051997 UBC, section 9052003 IBC, section 909
Globally
Viva Las VegasViva Las Vegas
• History of the Building Codes
• Smoke Control Requirements
• Fundamentals of Smoke Control Systems
• Section 909 of 2003 IBC
Fire Life Safety Building Codes
AgendaAgenda
Building regulations date back to the beginning of recorded history. The Code of Hammurabi (2200B.C) included simple but effective building code provision. “If any architect built a house so negligently that it fell down and killed the owner’s son, then the architect’s son was put to death.”
In 1630, the City of Boston mandated that “no man shall build his chimney with wood nor cover his roof with thatch”.
The enforcement authority is derived from the 10th Amendment of the US Constitution which gives states the right to legislate for the protection of the public health, safety and welfare.
Code OverviewCode Overview
History Prior to the issuance of the IBC, there were three
organizations of building officials who were responsible for developing and enforcing building codes in the United States: Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA)
in the Northeast and Midwest International Conference of Building Officials
(ICBO) in the West Southern Building Code Congress International
(SBCCI) in the Southeast
Code OverviewCode Overview
Definition
“A combination of architectural, electrical & mechanical system design approach that utilized air flow and/or pressure to contain or remove smoke during a fire event”
Code OverviewCode Overview
Requirements High Rise Exit
Enclosures Atriums Covered Malls Underground
Building
Code OverviewCode Overview
Fundamentals
Active:An active smoke control system utilizes mechanical air handling equipment, i.e. supply fans, relief fans or smoke exhaust fans to contain or remove smoke in the zone of origin.
Passive:A passive smoke control system utilizes construction barriers to maintain the smoke in the zone of origin. (Typical passive smoke control systems would be found in equipment rooms, motel rooms.)
Types of Smoke Control:
Code OverviewCode Overview
Section 909 of 2003 IBCSection 909.18: This section discusses:
Acceptance Testing Individual Device Testing
Detection Devices Duct Traverses
Dampers Inlet/Outlet Air Quantities
Fans Smoke Barriers
Special Inspection Reports
Code OverviewCode Overview
• How Hard Can it Be? • Roles & Responsibilities• Commissioning Phases
Means & Methods of Fire Life Safety Systems Commissioning
AgendaAgenda
How Hard Can it Be? Introduction Detail Timing Intensity
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
How Hard Can it Be? Introduction
Similar Process to Mechanical Cx Failures Critical Special Inspector
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
How Hard Can it Be? Detail
Simplistic in Concept Complexity in Detail & Quantity Requirements Code Prescribed 100% Testing
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
How Hard Can it Be? Timing
“DONE” Done prior to Certificate of Occupancy
Testing Concurrent w/ Construction No Post-Occupancy Deficiencies &
Issues
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
How Hard Can it Be? Intensity
Critical Construction Sequencing C3 Syndrome (Construction Completion Conjestion)
Panic
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Roles & Responsibilities Prime Contractor Subcontractors Designer Owner Commissioning Provider
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Roles & Responsibilities Prime Contractor
Construction of the Envelope Coordination Communication Scheduling Advocate!
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Roles & Responsibilities Subcontractor(s)
Provide Input into the schedule Attend meetings Provide realistic completion information Avoid defensive posturing Assist in finding resolutions Proactively & quickly respond to
deficiencies
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Roles & Responsibilities Designer
Provide detailed smoke control diagrams
Respond timely to to questions, issues, & changes
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Roles & Responsibilities Owner
Hire the Commissioning Provider (req’d by code)
Remain calm amidst the chaos Provide Contractor direction (if
necessary) to respond to Cx issues & deficiencies
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Roles & Responsibilities Commissioning Provider - General
Part coach, task-master, expert, judge & mediator
Build a Team!! Coordinate & Manage Cx Activities Obtain, assemble, create & submit Cx
documentation Meet & coordinate with the AHJ
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Life Safety System Commissioning
Phases Design & Construction Document
Review Document Development Pre-Functional Testing Functional Testing Commissioning Completion
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Life Safety System Design Review
Fire Protection Report provided? Equivalent to Design Intent (Referred to
as a “Rational Analysis”
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
FIRE PROTECTION REPORT AUGUST 6, 2004
SMOKE CONTROL
1. The overall concept includes a combination of mechanical systems and passive containment for the building. The building’s fire alarm system will be used to control, monitor and activate the mechanical smoke control systems.
2. Guestroom Levels (Levels 3-32).
a. Upon activation of a corridor smoke detector, the corridor air-handling units will shut down and elevator lobby doors will close. The smoke exhaust fans located on the roof will start. Dampers will be installed on a common shaft that will normally be used to supply outside air to the corridors and provide smoke exhaust functions during an event/alarm. All dampers will close throughout the floors served by the common shafts except the exhaust dampers will open on the fire floor. Exhaust will be sized based on Section 905 of the UBC to maintain a minimum negative pressure of 0.05 inches of water column relative to the adjacent units, elevator lobbies and stairwell vestibules on the floor of origin.
b. Each guestroom, elevator lobby, maid closet, and similar type room will be treated as passive areas. Units with interconnecting doors will be treated as one common passive area.
c. The bathroom exhaust vents are not considered a part of the smoke control system, and are not subject to pressure or leakage testing. Exhaust fans serving the toilet rooms will continue to operate and be provided with emergency power. 22-inch sub-ducts will be provided within the toilet exhaust shafts.
d. A minimum of 2 guestrooms per floor (one on each side of the corridor, with selection from both wings) will be tested as passive zones. The suites will be pressurized through the use of an approved door fan test assembly to a minimum 0.05 inches of water column to determine whether leakage is within the allowable range, as defined in Section 905 of the Building Code.
e. Verification of compliance for the corridor exhaust system will be as follows:
f. The pressure difference between the corridor and adjoining guestrooms, stairway vestibules, rooms and elevator lobbies will be confirmed to be a minimum 0.05 inches of water negative pressure.
g. Dampers will be confirmed to be in their correct position.
h. Since corridor supply is not part of the smoke control system, supply ducts will not be tested for pressure or leakage. This testing will only be conducted on ducts that are a portion of the smoke control system (exhaust/return ducts).
3. Service Level (between Levels 26 and 27).
a. The Service Level contains back-of-house areas, including storage rooms, mechanical rooms, and electrical rooms. The Service Level will be a passive zone. It will be provided with exhaust fans for Fire Department mop-up operations.
b. The exhaust fans will be manually operated by the Fire Department.
c. Verification of compliance for the Service Level system will be as follows:
i. Each area of the passive zone will be tested for leakage with a door fan test. The door fan test will be to confirm that the leakage is in compliance with UBC Section 905.2.3.
4. Tram Station Level (Level 2.5).
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Life Safety System Design Review
Are the smoke control diagrams complete?
Are all fire/smoke dampers shown? Do the sprinkler zones & smoke
boundaries match?
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
DESIGN DOCUMENTATIONSmoke Control
Diagrams - Floor Plans
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Design & Submittal Review
Are all smoke control devices included? Is the equipment compliant with the
code? Does the smoke control system
contractor’s design-build design meet the Engineer’s design, codes & AHJ criteria?
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Smoke Control Diagrams - Functional Matrix
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Passive Zone Leakage Calculations
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Document Development
Develop the commissioning plan Detailed roadmap of expectations
Develop functional testing scenarios Must include an individual check-off for
EVERY piece of equipment Submit Cx plan to the AHJ
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
DOCUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
DOCUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning PhasesSection Life Safety System Outline HVAC System Outline
1 Acceptance Letter Executive Summary
2 Executive Summary Commissioning Team
3 Commissioning Team Mechanical System Overview
4 Overview of Acceptance Testing Procedures Overview of Commissioning Procedures
5 Fire Protection Report Record Document - Sequences of Operation
6 Smoke Management Sequences/Matrix Pre-Functional Testing Checklists
7 Component Testing Forms Functional Testing Procedures
8 Functional Testing Scenarios & Results Deficiencies & Issues Log
9 Test & Balance Report Daily Logs
10 Product Data Sheets Miscellaneous Data
11 Deficiencies & Issues Log
12 Daily Inspection Reports
13 Non-Compliance Reports
14 Miscellaneous Data
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Pre-Functional
Assist in component pre-testing before functional
Individually confirm F/S Damper commands and status feedback.
Confirm fan command & status Review FAS software “rules”
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
COMPONENT INSPECTIONPressurization Fan
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
COMPONENT INSPECTION Fire Smoke Damper
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
COMPONENT INSPECTION Fire Command
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
COMPONENT INSPECTIONFire Fighter’s Smoke Control Panel
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
COMPONENT INSPECTIONFire Protection Flow Station
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Pre-Functional
Provide site observations & barrier inspection
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
BOUNDARY INSPECTION
Conduit Penetrations
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
BOUNDARY INSPECTIONFloor Slab Penetrations
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
BOUNDARY INSPECTIONDuct Penetrations
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
BOUNDARY INSPECTIONElevator Shaft Enclosure
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Functional Testing
When does FT begin? Does construction have to be complete? How can FT be phased? How can multiple tests be avoided?
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Functional Testing
Assist in or define testing teams Witness functionality testing of the
system Include component interaction Track deficiencies
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
PASSIVE ZONE TESTING
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
DUCT DETECTOR TESTING
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Commissioning Phases Commissioning Completion
Submit final report to AHJ Correct report deficiencies Assist in coordination & scheduling of
AHJ Assist during the AHJ inspection ALL SYSTEMS TESTING!
Means & MethodsMeans & Methods
Summary Discussed Critical Nature of Life
Safety Systems Reviewed Code Requirements Discussed Life Safety System
Commissioning Means & Methods Encourage Life Safety System
Commissioning in other Cities
ConclusionConclusion
Questions Questions ?? Thanks for your
attention!
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