common architecture terms. fenestration the design and placement of windows in a building
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Common Architecture Terms
Fenestration
• The design and placement of windows in a building.
Examples
CMU
-Concrete Masonry Unit: a large rectangular brick used in construction. -Made from cast concrete
COR-TEN
• Best known as weathering steel, is a group of steel alloys which were developed to eliminate the need for painting, and form a stable rust-like appearance if exposed to the weather for several years.
COR-TEN Steel Siding
Baluster:
-A short pillar or column in a series supporting a rail or coping.
Parapet
A parapet is a barrier usually on a roof or balcony. They are also built on bridges as
guard rails to prevent cars and people from falling off. On buildings, they are mainly
used to prevent fires from spreading, and used to be for defending the building from
attack.
Pitch: Degree of roof slant stated in inches rise per foot
Cantilever Definition:
A cantilever is a beam anchored at only one end. The beam carries the load to the support the over hanging section of the building.
Definition of Section
• A section or cross section is a term used in architectural drawing for describing when a vertical line cuts through an object
• In the drawing, thedark line representsthe floor cutting through the building’swalls
Column and Post
Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is an structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure
above to other structural elements below.
Curtain Wall
A wall that encloses the space within a building but does not support the roof, it is
not load bearing. They are typically featured on modern high-rise buildings.
Eaves
Eaves of a roof are the part of a roof that overhangs the exterior of a house. They usually project beyond the walls of the
building to carry away rain water
Pictures of Eaves
Beam and Joist
In architecture and engineering, a joist is one of the horizontal supporting members that run from wall to wall, wall to beam, and beam to beam. A beam is a horizontal or vertical structural element that is capable of withstanding a load by resisting bending.
Beam and Joist
Gable- The portion of the front or side of a building enclosed by or masking the end of a pitched
roof.
Gable Roof
Gambrel Roof Definition
• a gable roof with two slopes on each side and the lower slope being steeper.
GradeThe slope of soil on a site or next to a building
Header and Lintel
• Definition: horizontal beam that contributes to the construction of framing buildings– Used above windows and doors or other
entryways as support• Can also be used as decoration (ex. Fireplace mantles)
Hip Roof
• A roof where all the sides slope downward usually on a fairly gentle slope. It has no gables or vertical sides of the roof.
Hip Roof
Mansard Roof
A mansard roof (also known as a French roof) is a Gambrel style roof characterized by two slopes on each side with a lower slope.
• vv
Clerestory Window: an upper portion of a wall containing windows for supplying natural to a
building
A major vertical bar between two window units
Mullion
Mullion
Muntin
The Muntin is a strip of wood or metal that holds glass panes into
place
RAFTER
A rafter is a system of repetitive smaller beams that support the roof of a building
A retaining wall is a wall that holds back earth or water on
one side of it. It is designed to restrain soil to unnatural slopes.
Retaining wall
Saw-tooth Roof
• A roof composed of a series of small parallel roofs of triangular cross section, usually asymmetrical with the shorter slope glazed
• It allows for natural lighting to shine through while still having a solid roof
Truss
• A Truss is any structure that has at least one triangular unit that has its ends connected by joint, otherwise called nodes.
Elevation: A view of a building looking directly at a side.
Gutter &Downspout
A Gutter gathers water from the roof and the water travels down a downspout to drain
away from the house
Gutter and Down Spout
Down Spout
Gutter
Cricket
A cricket is a structure designed to divert water on a roof, from one area of a roof to another. This is typically found behind a
chimney.
Cricket
Ridge and Valley
Ridge: Line on a roof, where two slopes intersect on top
Valley Valley: Line where two slopes on a roof intersect on the sides