common disorders of the eye presentation by beverley baily clinical nurse specialist central coast...

COMMON DISORDERS COMMON DISORDERS OF THE EYEOF THE EYE

Presentation by

Beverley Baily

Clinical Nurse Specialist

Central Coast Day Hospital

2012

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

AT THE END OF THE SESSION

PARTICIPANTS WILL BE ABLE TO:

ATTAIN KNOWLEDGE ON THE BASIC ANATOMY OF THE EYE

UNDERSTAND SOME OF THE COMMON DISORDERS OF THE EYE

OBJECTIVES cont’dOBJECTIVES cont’d

DEVELOP AN INTEREST IN THE CURRENT TREATMENTS AVAILABLE FOR EYE DISORDERS

ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE OF SERVICES AVAILABLE FOR THE VISUAL IMPAIRED

ANATOMY OF THE EYEANATOMY OF THE EYE

ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR LIFELIFE

Eye changes occur as we get older.Permanent vision loss need not be a part of

ageing.The majority of eye conditions that affect

older people are painless and progress slowly over many years.

Most eye conditions affecting older people can be treated.


Regular eye checks, early detection and medical intervention can help to restore vision or prevent further vision loss.

People aged 35 and over are encouraged to have regular eye checks.


Your eyesight is your most valuable sense. Protect your eyes.If you experience a gradual or sudden loss of

vision, seek medical advice immediately.

CATARACTCATARACT

DEFINITIONA cataract is a clouding of the normally

clear lens inside the eye. When the lens becomes cloudy, light rays cannot pass easily through.

CATARACTCATARACT

SYMPTOMSVision becomes blurred, both for near and

distance objects. Sensitivity to glare in bright sunlight. Distortion or ghosting of images may also

occur. Colour vision can be decreased.

CATARACTSCATARACTS

CATARACTCATARACT

CAUSEAge is the most common cause, but cataracts

can also occur in babies and children. They may develop as a result of injury or eye

disease.They may be associated with medical

conditions such as diabetes.

CATARACTCATARACT

CAUSEBoth smoking and exposure to sunlight

increase the risk of cataracts.Cataracts are not a growth or film over the

eye and are not caused as a result of overusing the eye or eyestrain.

You generally can’t see your cataract in the mirror.

CATARACTCATARACT

TREATMENT In the early stages of cataract, glasses or

contact lenses can help correct minor visual problems.

When vision is seriously impaired, the most effective treatment is to surgically remove the affected lens and replace it with an artificial lens.

CATARACTCATARACT Most surgery is performed on a day-only basis

under local anaesthesia, with sedation.There are many variations in technique, the most

common being phacoemulsification surgery. The cataract is removed through a very small,

secure opening about 3mm in length, with implantation of an intra-ocular lens specifically chosen to match your eye.

CATARACTCATARACT

FOLLOW UP CAREYour eye may be covered or protected for one night. A plastic shield at night may be required for a few extra nights depending on the surgeon.You will have a follow up appointments for review by your surgeon, usually the next day and over the following weeks.

CATARACTCATARACT

You will be able to function normally from Day 1, but strenuous activities

must be avoided for some weeks.You will have eye drops prescribed to use as instructed by your surgeon.Your new intra-ocular lens will restore your

distance vision that you had before the cataract developed.

CATARACTCATARACT

Over the post-operative review period glasses will be prescribed for your new eye, particularly to help with reading vision.

AGE RELATED MACULAR AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DEGENERATION

DEFINITIONAge Related Macular Degeneration causes

loss of central, detailed vision. People may notice that straight lines appear distorted or wavy or that reading becomes increasingly difficult.

AGE RELATED MACULAR AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONDEGENERATION


SYMPTOMSStraight lines appear wavy or distorted.Reading and any activity that requires fine

vision becomes increasingly difficult.Distinguishing faces becomes a problem.Dark patches or empty spaces appearing in

the centre of vision.


EARLY DETECTION IS IMPORTANTIn its early stages it may go unnoticed.Symptoms should never be dismissed as part of “just getting older”.Detecting changes early allows you to take

steps to slow down the progression.


TREATMENT

Dry Macular DegenerationThere are currently no treatments to reverse the macular degeneration. However, supplements, diet and lifestyle changes may be effective.


TREATMENT

Wet Macular Degeneration. There is no cure, however the following methods are providing a greater opportunity for many in saving sight and keeping as much vision for as long as possible.


TREATMENTAnti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

(VEGF) intravitreal injections – eg. Lucentis and Avastin.

Laser photocoagulation.Diet, supplements and lifestyle.


Amsler Grid

DIABETIC RETINOPATHYDIABETIC RETINOPATHY

DEFINITIONDiabetes causes damage to blood vessels in

the retina, which may lead to loss of vision.


RISK FACTORSPeople who have had diabetes for a long period.Diabetics with high blood pressure.People with high sugar levels.Poorly managed diabetes.Diabetics who become pregnant.


SYMPTOMSBlurred, distorted or patchy vision that can’t

be corrected with glasses.Problems with balance, reading, watching

television and recognizing people.Overly sensitive to glare.Difficulty seeing at night.


TREATMENTAnnual eye checks to pick up early signs of

damage.Control blood-glucose levels and make sure

the diet is low in fat.Once vision has been affected, seek

treatment to prevent progression.

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

DEFINITIONGlaucoma is the name given to a group of eye diseases in which the optic nerve at the back of the eye is slowly destroyed.In most people this damage is due to increased pressure inside the eye.

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

Other damage may be caused by poor blood supply to the optic nerve, a weakness in the structure of the nerve and/or a problem in the health of the nerve.

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

SYMPTOMS

Chronic glaucoma (primary open-angle)Is known as the “sneak thief” of sight and

can result in a slow and painless loss of vision, with side vision being affected first.

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

Acute glaucoma (angle-closure).Rapid increase of pressure inside the eye due to a blocked drainage system causing pain, nausea, blurred vision and redness of the eye.

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

Measuring intraocular pressure Measuring Intraocular Pressure

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

RISK FACTORSFamily history of glaucomaDiabetesMigraineShort sightedness (myopia)Long sightedness (hyperopia)Eye injuries

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

RISK FACTORSBlood pressurePast or present use of cortisone drugs

(steroids)

GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA

TREATMENTRegular eye checks from the age of 35MedicationLaserDrainage surgery

RETINAL DETACHMENTRETINAL DETACHMENT

DEFINITIONRetinal detachment is a separation of the

retina from the back of the eye.


RISK FACTORSSevere myopia (short sighted). Retinal tears. Trauma.Family history.Complications from cataract surgery.


SYMPTOMSDecreased visionFeeling of looking through a veil or curtainFlashes and floaters


TREATMENTPhotocoagulation (Laser).Surgery.

• Vitrectomy.• Indirect Laser or Cryotherapy.• Insertion of Gas, Silicone Oil or Heavy Liquids.

CENTRAL COAST DAY HOSPITAL CENTRAL COAST DAY HOSPITAL NURSING AND ADMINISTRATIONNURSING AND ADMINISTRATION

REFERRAL AGENCIESREFERRAL AGENCIES

Central Coast Day Hospital www.ccdhospital.com.au

Telephone: 02 43673880

Sydney Eye Hospital

Telephone: 02 9382 7111


Glaucoma Australia

www.glaucoma.org.au

Telephone: 02 9906 6640

Guide Dogs NSW/ACT

www.guidedogs.com.au

Telephone: 02 9412 9300


Macular Degeneration Foundation

www.mdfoundation.com.au

Telephone: 1800 111709

Vision Australia

www.visionaustralia.org

Telephone: 1300 84 7466

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

REFERENCESREFERENCES

Central Coast Day HospitalDiabetes AustraliaGlaucoma AustraliaInternational Journal of Ophthalmic

PracticeMacular Degeneration Foundation“Ophthalmic Care” Janet Marsden

common disorders of the eye presentation by beverley baily clinical nurse specialist central coast...

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