common errors ex 4
TRANSCRIPT
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Commo errorsIhona winiger Utn 2012
Common errors
Ex 4
1)Unluck iest people IN the World
Superlative + NOUN + IN THE WORLD
- used for general emphasis There’s nothing in the world we can do about it. We have all the time in the world.
All over the world: everywhere in the world .
-[SINGULAR] society in general, in all countriesWe want to guarantee our children a safer world.all over the world/throughout the world:
The same problems are faced by children throughout the world.the whole world:
The terrorists pose a threat to the wholeworld.
3)Caught fire- to start burning
The car overturned and caught fire. (state)
on fire
burning The building was still on fire three hours later .
Be careful here .... it depends of the tense .....
4)She was very badly INJURED in a car accident.
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Injured: / nd (r)dˈɪ ʒə / adj Damaged dæm dɪ ʒ/ verb Wounded (adj) Wrecked (adj)rekt/
-hurt in an accident or attack .People are hurt or injured( badly hurt).
Peter brushed aside worries about his injured knee.
The injured man was taken to hospital.
seriously injured: a seriously injured patient
-to harm something physically so that it is brok en, spoiled, or injured.- is used in connection of things or parts of your body.(Not People) People are hurt or injured.
You DO/CAUSE DAMAGE to sth... never
make or produce
Many buildings and cars had been damaged in the blast.
Jogging on roads can damage your knees.
badly/severely/seriously/extensively
damage: The househad been severely dama
ged by fire.irreparably/permanently damage:
Environmentalistsargue that the scheme would irreparably damage the island’s ecology.
When damage means ‘harm or injury’ it is
an uncountable noun, and so:
▪ it is never used in the plural ▪ it never comes after a or a
number ✗ These toxins can cause damages to the lungs
-injured, especially with a cut in your flesh
He could barely move his wounded arm.
The wounded men were taken to hospital.
-very badly damaged or destroyed a wrecked car /ship
/ building
a wrecked career /marriage
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and brains.✓ These toxins can cause damage to the lungsand brains. ✗ They should consider theserious damages that their decisions maycause.✓ They should consider theserious damage that their decisions may cause. ✗ A great damage has been done to agriculture,
forests, and people’s health.✓ Great damage has been done to agriculture,forests, and people’s health.
The plural form damages is a specialized legalterm meaning ‘money that a court orders you
to pay someone because you have harmedthem or their property’.
Mr Galloway was awardedsubstantial damages.
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Commo errorsIhona winiger Utn 20126)
Buglars broke into her flat and STOLE all her money.
Robbed:
-to take money or property illegally from a person or place, often using threats or violence
They were planning to rob the museum.-rob someone of something:
Daniel was robbed of his car , briefcase, and mobile phone.-rob someone at knifepoint/gunpoint:
Mr Davies was robbed at knife point.
Stole:
- to take something that belongs to someone else without permission They were jailed for three years for stealing cars.
steal from: Johnny was accused of stealing from the shop.
steal something from someone/something: She was caught stealing food from the supermarket.
Seized: /si zː /
-to suddenly and firmly hold someone by a part of their body or clothing ‘Listen,’ he said, seizing my wrist.
seize someone by something: Before he could run away,she seized him by the collar .
-to take something or someone away in an illegal and violent way
Robbers tied up security guards and seized the money.
Rob - steal (diferencias)
Rob
-Se utiliza con la idea de robar un banco y también con la idea de estafar.
La estructura para "rob" es:
-"You rob somebody of something." Le "robas" a alguien algo.
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-I was robbed "of "all my ready cash. Robaron todo el "dinero".
-The robbers went into the bank and demanded money at gunpoint. Los atracadoresentraron al banco y pidieron todo el dinero a punta de pistola.
-They robbed me of my bag. Me robaron el bolso.
-They are guilty of robbery. Son culpables de robo.
-You paid too much for this sweater, I think you were robbed.(to be robbed:te robaron enel precio). Pagaste demasiado por este jersey, creo que es un robo.
-Gangs have been robbing passengers on trains. Las bandas organizadas han estado
robando a los pasajeros de trenes.Steal
-Steal, se utiliza con la idea de robar (sustraer) objetos o dinero.
Para steal la estructura sería:
And you steal something "from" a place or person. Sustraes algo de un lugar o de una persona.
- The thieves stole money from the bank. Los ladrones sustrajeron dinero del banco.
- They stole my bag from me. Me robaron el bolso.
- I lost my addres book when that man/ robbed me of my bag//stole my bag from me.(cambia la preposición) Perdí mi libreta de direcciones cuando un hombre me robó el
bolso.
- My handbag has been stolen. Me robaron el bolso.
Theft es la palabra general para decir que una persona "steals something".
Ejemplo: He is guilty of "theft." Él es culpable de robo.
- Burglar (housebreaker) is a thief that breaks into a house in order to steal. Un "burglar"es un ladrón que entra en una casa a robar. Por tanto, "burglary" es "robo conallanamiento de morada.
Ejemplo: He is guilty of Burglary. Él es culpable de robo con allanamiento de morada.
Ejemplo: Our house was burgled while we were away. Entraron a robar en casa cuandono estábamos.
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Otro robo es el carterista: the pickpocketOtro es el ladrón de tiendas: the shoplifter.Otro que roba personas=raptar: the kidnapper.
Ejercicios con rob/steal
1. They have ________ me.2. I was ______my cheque-book.3. Someone has ______my watch.4. They ______the bank.5.They ______plenty of money ______us.
Soluciones:
1. They have robbed me. Me han robado.2. I was robbed of my cheque-book. Me robaron los cheques.3. Someone has stolen my watch. Alguien me ha robado my reloj.4. They robbed the bank. Ellos atracaron el banco.5. They stole plenty of money from us. Nos robaron dinero de sobra.About rob vs steal
When you rob a bank, you steal its money. You can’t rob the money
itself. The stuff taken in a robbery is always stolen, not “robbed.”
-rob Meaning(s)(v) take something away by force or without the consent of the owner (v) rip off; ask an unreasonable price-steal Meaning(s)(v) take without the owner's consent(n) an advantageous purchase(v) move stealthily(n) a stolen base; an instance in which a base runner advances safely during the deliveryof a pitch (without the help of a hit or walk or passed ball or wild pitch)(v) steal a base
rob (rb)v. robbed, rob·bing, robsv.tr.1. Law To take property from (a person) illegally by using or threatening to use violenceor force; commit robbery upon.2. To take valuable or desired articles unlawfully from: rob a bank.3.a. To deprive unjustly of something belonging to, desired by, or legally due (someone):robbed her of her professional standing.
b. To deprive of something injuriously: a parasite that robs a tree of its sap.4. To take as booty; steal.
v.intr.To engage in or commit robbery.
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Commo errorsIhona winiger Utn 2012Idioms:
rob (someone) blindTo rob in an unusually deceitful or thorough way: robbed the old couple blind whileemployed as a companion.-rob the cradle (Informal)To have a romantic or sexual relationship with someone significantly younger thanoneself.steal (stl)v. stole (stl), sto·len (stln), steal·ing, stealsv.tr.1. To take (the property of another) without right or permission.2. To present or use (someone else's words or ideas) as one's own.3. To get or take secretly or artfully: steal a look at a diary; steal the puck from anopponent.4. To give or enjoy (a kiss) that is unexpected or unnoticed.
5. To draw attention unexpectedly in (an entertainment), especially by being theoutstanding performer: The magician's assistant stole the show with her comic antics.6. Baseball To advance safely to (another base) during the delivery of a pitch, without theaid of a base hit, walk, passed ball, or wild pitch.v.intr.1. To commit theft.2. To move, happen, or elapse stealthily or unobtrusively.3. Baseball To steal a base.n.1. The act of stealing.2. Slang A bargain.
3. Baseball A stolen base.4. Basketball An act of gaining possession of the ball from an opponent.Idiom:
steal (someone's) thunder To use, appropriate, or preempt the use of another's idea, especially to one's ownadvantage and without consent by the originator.[Middle English stelen, from Old English stelan.]stealer n.Synonyms: steal, purloin, filch, snitch, pilfer, cop2, hook, swipe, lift, pinchThese verbs mean to take another's property wrongfully, often surreptitiously. Steal is themost general: stole a car; steals research from colleagues.To purloin is to make off with something, often in a breach of trust: purloined the key tohis cousin's safe-deposit box.Filch ( /f ltɪ ʃ/ ) and snitch often suggest that what is stolen is of little value, while pilfer sometimes connotes theft of or in small quantities: filched towels from the hotel; snitch acookie; pilfered ( p lf (r))ˈ ɪ ə fruit from the farmer.Cop, hook, and swipe frequently connote quick, furtive snatching or seizing: copped anecklace from the counter; planning to hook a fur coat; swiped a magazine from the rack.To lift is to take something surreptitiously and keep it for oneself: a pickpocket who liftswallets on the subway.Pinch suggests stealing something by or as if by picking it up between the thumb and the
fingers: pinched a dollar from his mother's purse.The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin
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Commo errorsIhona winiger Utn 2012Company. All rights reserved.
12)They REFUSE to enter competitions ...
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Deny /d naɪ ɪˈ / Refuse /r fju zɪˈ ː /
The opposite of 'deny' would be 'admit'
to say that you did not do something that someone has accused you of doing
deny (that): A spokesman denied that the company had acted irresponsibly.
deny (doing) something:
He still denies murdering his wife.
deny an allegation/accusation/claim/charge:
Both men have denied the allegations.
vehemently/strenuously/categorically/hotly deny
something:
All three athletes vehemently denytaking the drug .
-The main meaning of 'deny' is to say that something is not
true.
'Deny' also has a less common use, which is quite similar to
'refuse' - if you deny somebody something, you 'refuse' to
give it to them - for example:
" The guards denied their prisoners food and water"
To 'refuse' is the opposite of to 'accept'
-to say you will not do somethingthat someone has asked you to do
Mum asked him to apologize, but he refused.refuse to do something:
How could he refuse to help hisown son?flatly refuse (=refuse in a firm and sometimes impoliteway):
Senior executives flatly refused to comment as theyleft the
meeting.
- if you refuse to do something you choose not to do it, or
say firmly that you will not do it.
You could also refuse something, which means that you
don't accept it. For example:
"I offered him a cold drink but he refused it"
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Avoid / v dˈ ɔɪə / Reject /r d ektɪˈ ʒ /
to try to prevent something from happening
Try to avoid confrontation.avoid doing something:
I want to avoid being drawn into t he argument.
to choose not to do something in order
to achieve a better result
When taking this medication it is advisable to avoid alcohol
.
avoid doing something:
Where possible, we have avoided using technical terms.
to choose not to do something because
it is unpleasant or not convenient
He dislikes work and will avoid it whenever he can.
avoid doing something:
She’s just avoiding having to go back to work.
'Reject' is quite similar to 'refuse' - the
opposite of both would be 'accept'.
If you reject a proposal or a request, for instance, you decide not to agree withit...
"Judge Dread rejected the lawyer's
request for more time to study the case"
If you reject a belief or a theory, youdecide that you do not believe in it andyou do not wish to follow it...
"The rebels rejected the authority of the
central government."
'Reject' often carries the added meaningthat you don't think something is good
enough - if an employer rejects a jobapplicant, or a machine rejects a creditcard it is because something isconsidered unsuitable, invalid or wrongin some way.
If someone rejects a lover, their familyor friends, they behave with cruelty or indifference towards them and perhapsdo not want to see them any more.
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Ex 5
Travel Journey / d (r)niˈ ʒɜː /The word 'travel' is used to talk aboutgoing from one place to another.
It can be a verb, a noun or anadjective.
♦ verb : Tom travels a lot in his job.
♦ noun : Travel nowadays isfaster and less expensive than before.
♦ adjective : There is a travel agency beside the bank.
A journey is the distance covered in travellingfrom one place to another.
'Journey' can refer to a long distance or a shortregular one.
♦ The journey was long and tiring; it took us 5hours to get there.
♦ Did you have a good journey? Yes, it wasquite pleasant.
♦ How long is your journey to work? Justabout 20 minutes.
Tour Trip Voyage/ v dˈ ɔɪ ɪ ʒ/
A tour is a journey duringwhich several places arevisited,
especially on a holiday.The word 'tour' can be a
noun or a verb.♦ noun : We went on a
tour of Italy.♦ verb: We toured the
north of India.
The word 'trip' is used to talk about a short journey somewhere
for a purpose, business or pleasure.
♦ For our wedding anniversary,we went on a trip to Venice.
♦ My boss is often awayon business trips.
♦ During our holiday, we took a boat trip to the islands.
A voyage is a long journey by sea or in space.
♦ Before the 20th century,long sea voyages werecommon.
♦ A spacecraft will take youon a voyage through space.
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Commo errorsIhona winiger Utn 2012Ex 6P 5Cause /k zɔː / Make
an event, thing, or person that makes something happen
The major cause of these accidents is drivers going too fast .an essay on the causes of the First World War
Die (/daɪ/)- Dead ( /ded/ )- Died (da dɪ )
Die is also a verb. It is the base form of the verb and present tense. It means when a life is
finished. So, you could say- Someday everyone will die. Or I don't want to die.The past tense of die is died. You could say The dog died. Or My grandfather died lastyear.Dead is an adjective. It describes a noun.For example- That is a dead mouse. Or The monster is dead.The monster= subjectIs =verbDead= adjective.
Note: Another (more polite or respectful) way to say die is pass away.
For example, instead of saying My grandfather died last year, you could say My
grandfather passed away last year.
Dead is the adjective: He's dead.Death is the noun: At the end of our lives we can only expect death. //Funeral= death
party.Die is the infinitive; died is the past and past participle; dying is the gerund.Many people died on the roads last Easter.
no sooner... than-used for saying that something happens immediately after something else.
No sooner had I walked in the door than the phone rang.
Correlative conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs, in order to show the relationship between theideas expressed in different parts of a sentence. For instance, in the following example,the expression either ... or is used to indicate that the ideas expressed in the two clauses
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Commo errorsIhona winiger Utn 2012represent two alternative choices of action.e.g. Either you should study harder, or you should take a different course.
The most commonly used correlative conjunctions are both ... and, either ... or and neither ... nor. In the table below, each pair of correlative conjunctions is accompanied by anexample of its use. Note that in the construction if ... then, the word then can usually beomitted.
Correlative Conjunctions
both ... and He is both intelligent and good-natured.either ... or I will either go for a walk or read a book.neither ... nor He is neither rich nor famous.
hardly ... when He had hardly begun to work, when he was interrupted.if ... then If that is true, then what happened is not surprising.no sooner ... than No sooner had I reached the corner, than the bus came.not only ... but also She is not only clever, but also hard-working.rather ... than I would rather go swimming than go to the library.scarcely ... when Scarcely had we left home, when it started to rain.
what with ... andWhat with all her aunts, uncles and cousins, she has manyrelatives.
whether ... or Have you decided whether you will come or not?
Work vs Job
Work is an activity in which you use effort or energy, normally to achieve a particular
aim or task, rather than for fun or enjoyment. It is essentially the opposite of play, and to
work means to do such an activity.
Generally, we work in order to earn money, and this is often how we use the verb; to
describe what we do to earn money. For example:
I work for the BBC.
David works in a café.
In these examples, we do not know exactly what the person’s duties or responsibilities
are. David works in a café, but we do not know if he cleans the tables or cooks the food.
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Commo errorsIhona winiger Utn 2012So, in this sense, work has a very general meaning, whereas job is much more specific,
and its most common meaning is the name for the work that you do to earn money.
For example,
David has now got a new job. He is a cook in a small restaurant.
In this example, we now know exactly what David does because we know what his job is.
To summarise, we can say that the word job refers to a particular employment role or
position, such as cook, teacher or banker, whereas work refers in a more general way to
activities that you do.
Interestingly, all jobs involve work but doing work isn’t always part of a job. For
example, someone can spend the weekend working in their garden, perhaps cutting the
grass or planting new flowers. However, this is a free time activity, and so it is not his or her job.
As a verb, work does have other meanings, such as, if you describe how a machine works,
you explain how it functions, or operates. For example,
Can someone show me how the photocopier works? I don’t know how to use it.
Similarly, you can use it to say if the machine is functioning correctly. For example,
Don’t try to use that computer. It doesn’t work. We are waiting for the engineer to fix it.
Finally, although your job is the name for what you do to earn money, it can also refer toa specific task that you have to do; a task that requires work and a task that you can
specifically identify.
For example,
I have a few jobs to do at home this weekend. I need to paint my bedroom, fix a broken
door and cut the grass.
RECENTLY VS LATELY
Recently / ri s( )ntliˈ ː ə /
-at a time that was not long ago, or that started not long ago
She only recently discovered the truth.
He’s been back to America fairly recently.
Recently, though, she seems to have run out of energy.
Lately
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-within the recent past
Have you seen either of them lately?
Once or twice lately Katy’s mentioned him.
(a) - Lately can go at the beginning or end of the sentence, but not before theverb; recently can go in any of those positions.
(b) - Lately goes with states and activities, but not events.Recently goes with anyof those -- states, activities, or events.(c) - We can not also use lately with positive verbs
(d) - We cannot use recently with negative verbs
Lay /leɪ/ what?????? Do44
-Put sth somewhere
Laid past
Ing. Laying
Lay is a transitive verb, which means that it must be used with a direct object. The
past tense of lay is laid .
Please lay the books on the table.
I laid the books on the table.
Have you ever seen a chicken lay an egg?The chicken just laid two eggs.
"Now I lay me down to sleep..."He laid himself down to sleep.
Lie /laɪ/
verb, lay,lain, ly·ing, nounverb (used without object)
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Commo errorsIhona winiger Utn 20121.
to be in a horizontal, recumbent, or prostrate position, ason a bed or the ground; recline.2.
(of objects) to rest in a horizontal or flat position: The booklies on the table.
3.
to be or remain in a position or state of inactivity,subjection, restraint, concealment, etc.: t
o lie in ambush.
4.
to rest, press, or weigh (usually followed by on or upon ):These things lie upon my mind.
5.
to depend (usually followed by on or upon ).
Lie is an intransitive verb, which means it cannot have a direct object. The past
tense of lie is lay .
Lie down next to me.
I lay down next to her.
I just want to lie in bed all day.Yesterday, he lay in bed all day.
Don't lie on the floor!
I lay on the floor last week and you didn't say anything.
Lie (past participle lied ) means to say something untrue.
Don't lie to me.
He lied about where he got the money.
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