common humanitarian strategy and humanitarian financing: tools and trends
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Common Humanitarian Strategy and Humanitarian Financing: Tools and Trends. June 2010. AFTERNOON WORKPLAN. Part I: Common Humanitarian Strategy. Consolidated Appeal Process Flash Appeals. Part II: Humanitarian Financing. Central Emergency Response Fund (global) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Common Humanitarian Common Humanitarian Strategy and Strategy and
Humanitarian Financing:Humanitarian Financing:
Tools and TrendsTools and Trends
June 2010June 2010
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
AFTERNOON WORKPLANAFTERNOON WORKPLANPart I: Common Humanitarian Part I: Common Humanitarian StrategyStrategy
Central Emergency Response Fund (global)
Common Humanitarian Response Funds – CHFs (country-level)
Emergency and Humanitarian Response Funds – ERFs/HRFs (country-level)
Financial Tracking Service (FTS)
On-line Project System (OPS)
Part II: Humanitarian FinancingPart II: Humanitarian Financing
Consolidated Appeal Process Flash Appeals
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
present strategic approaches to humanitarian crises
plan, coordinate, implement & monitor response
appeal for funds cohesively
presents an action plan & set of projects
serves as a road map of required actions & funding needs
ensures funds are spent strategically, efficiently & with greater accountability
Consolidated and Flash AppealsConsolidated and Flash Appeals
Appeals bring aid organisations and donors and governments together to:
Each appeal:
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
In 2010, there have been 16 Consolidated Appeals in Afghanistan, CAR, Chad, DRC, Kenya, Nepal, oPt, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uganda, West Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe, and the countries neighboring Iraq
In 2010, there has been only one Flash Appeal (Haiti), in contrast to 2009 when there were seven
Total requested in 2010: More than $9.3 billion; received almost $4 billion (41%).
Most appeals are and have been in Africa.
For the past three years around 70% of needs have been funded by the end of the year, leaving approximately 30% of needs unmet.
OVERVIEW OF APPEALS OVERVIEW OF APPEALS
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Consolidated and Flash Consolidated and Flash Appeal Funding: 2000 - 2010Appeal Funding: 2000 - 2010
Year / Number of Appeals
Requirements US $
Contributions US$
% Covered
2000 (14 Appeals) 1.92 billion 1.14 billion 59%
2001 (18 Appeals) 2.56 billion 1.42 billion 55%
2002 (19 Appeals) 4.37 billion 2.95 billion 67%
2003 (21 Appeals) 5.22 billion 3.96 billion 76%
2004 (32 Appeals) 3.42 billion 2.20 billion 64%
2005 (25 Appeals) 5.98 billion 4.02 billion 67%
2006 (22 Appeals) 5.06 billion 3.38 billion 67%
2007 (30 Appeals) 5.14 billion 3.72 billion 72%
2008 (22 Appeals) 7.09 billion 5.08 billion 72%
2009 (22 Appeals) 9.71 billion 6.93 billion 71%
2010 (15 Appeals) 9.30 billion 3.83 billion 41%As of June 2010
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
What is a Flash Appeal?What is a Flash Appeal? A strategic humanitarian response
plan
A tool for coordination, planning, and programming
Outlines priority life-saving needs, within a week of the emergency's onset
Contains rapid needs assessment information, a common humanitarian action plan, and specific sectoral response plans and projects
Addresses acute needs for up to 6 months and can become a Consolidated Appeal if emergency continues and needs persist
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Why do we need it?Why do we need it?
To provide a framework for strategic, coordinated, and inclusive programming in a rapidly developing disaster or emergency situation
To avoid competing and overlapping appeals
To serve as an inventory or catalogue of priority humanitarian project proposals, and a barometer of funding response.
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Who is involved?Who is involved? Affected country
government
Donors (field office representatives)
NGOs (international and local)
Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement
Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator (leading the process, with OCHA’s support)
UN Agencies
UNDAC teams
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
What is the role of cluster What is the role of cluster leads?leads?
Leading rapid needs assessments
Mapping capacity Setting sectoral
strategy and priorities Gathering project
proposals inclusively, ensuring that all top needs are covered
Vetting projects transparently
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Key elements of Key elements of a response plana response plan
Needs
Strategic Objectives
Proposed Activities
Expected Outcomes
1.5 – 2 pageshttp://ochaonline.un.org/humanitarianappeal/webpage.asp?MenuID=12508&Page=1481
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Example of a project Example of a project summary boxsummary box
SHELTER CLUSTER $
OXFAMPHL-09/S-NF/27810
Project Title
Emergency Shelter and NFIs Assistance to Affected Population in Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, and in NCR if required
1,000,000
Objective Provide emergency shelter and NFIs to families whose houses have been destroyed to ensure privacy and dignity, particularly for women and children
Beneficiaries
10,000 families (55,000 people). The target group for the programme includes women-headed households, daily wage labourers, landless (both urban and rural).
Partners PDRN
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
RevisingRevising FlashFlash AppealsAppeals
Revisions are necessary because flash appeals are, of necessity, written within a short timeframe and using incomplete information
Revisions take place within 4 weeks of the publication of the original appeal (using the On-line Project System (OPS)
Revisions also accomplish the following:
– Present up-to-date information
– Outline progress made
– Assess the effectiveness of current strategy
– Update sector/cluster response plans
– Reprioritize humanitarian response activities
– Analyze funding
– Advocate for donor support
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Why should NGOs Why should NGOs participate in the participate in the
appeal planning process appeal planning process and include projects in and include projects in
the appeals?the appeals?
VisibilityVisibility
Donor Donor requirementrequirement
Cluster membershipCluster membership
Access to pooled Access to pooled fundsfunds
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
ACF inACF in AppealsAppeals
255 ACF projects have been in included in 70 Consolidated and Flash Appeals over the past 10 years.
Total project requirements have been more than $177 million.
The average reported funding for these projects is 57% of requirements.
The largest project requirements have been in Sudan 2008, Haiti 2010, DRC 2006, OPT 2010, Afghanistan 2002, Chad 2010 (+$10 million each).
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
ACF inACF in AppealsAppeals
Total requested
Total reported
% covered
Total 177,705,056 102,110,320 57
2001 3,040,000 - -
2002 12,387,322 1,811,350 15
2003 1,680,000
2004 3,915,827
2005 5,807,448 3,397,207 58
2006 20,748,490 4,334,339 21
2007 19,851,445 20,894,610 105
2008 28,069,774 20,884,190 74 (on par)
2009 24,218,273 23,474,584 97 (above)
2010 57,986,477 27,314,040 47 (on par)
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
PARTNERSHIPSC
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AC
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&
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DIC
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BA
ILIT
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FIN
AN
CIN
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AD
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STRENGTHENING HUMANITARIAN
RESPONSE
Part II: Humanitarian FinancingPart II: Humanitarian Financing
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Not enough funding overall to meet worldwide needs
Funding is unevenly spread relative to needs (countries, agencies and sectors)
Funding is too slow
Humanitarian FinancingHumanitarian FinancingThree ProblemsThree Problems
Supply side and demand side: which instruments are related to which side?
Common humanitarian action plans and their selected projects (Consolidated and Flash Appeals) aim to organize the demand side.
Humanitarian finance reforms, such as pooled funds and the Good Humanitarian Donorship initiative, aim to improve the supply side.
Supply and DemandSupply and Demand
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Tool + Money = Tool + Money = Improved Humanitarian Improved Humanitarian
ResponseResponse
Tool:Tool: Appeals are the tools for planning, coordinating and monitoring humanitarian action.
Money:Money: Funding allows projects / activities / programmes to be implemented. CERF, CHFs and ERFs provide some money for programs that are underfunded but essential for the overall humanitarian response.
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Humanitarian Pooled FundsHumanitarian Pooled Funds
Global Level - CERF: Central Emergency Response Fund (since 2006)
Country level - CHFs: Common Humanitarian
Response Funds (since 2006)- ERF/HRFs: Emergency / Humanitarian Response Funds
(since 1997)
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
What is the CERF?What is the CERF?
Humanitarian funding mechanism established by the UN to enable more timely and reliable assistance
Launched in March 2006 to upgrade the Central Emergency Revolving Fund
added grant element based on voluntary contributions by donors (target of $450 million per year-grant component only)
Intended to complement existing humanitarian funding and coordination mechanisms such as the inter-agency Consolidated and Flash Appeals
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
CERF is an integral part of CERF is an integral part of Humanitarian ReformHumanitarian Reform
Ensures more timely and predictable humanitarian financing to enable a prompt response to new or rapidly deteriorating crises by providing emergency funds
Reinforces the cluster approach (project vetting/prioritization)
Strengthens core elements of humanitarian response in underfunded crisis
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Who can receive CERF grants?Who can receive CERF grants?
United Nations funds, programmes and specialized agencies
International Organization for Migration (as per GA Resolution)
While NGOs cannot apply directly for CERF funds, they can participate in the prioritization and selection process as part of the humanitarian country team and can receive funds as implementing partners of UN agencies and IOM.
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
CERF Life Saving CriteriaCERF Life Saving Criteria All projects funded through a CERF
grant must be for life-saving / core emergency humanitarian programmes defined as:
– Activities that, within a short time span, remedy, mitigate or avert direct loss of life, physical harm or threats to a population or major portion thereof.
– Also permissible are common humanitarian services that are necessary to enable life-saving activities (e.g. air support, emergency telecommunications, logistics).
If not m
et, then
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Life-savingMaybe,
depending on context
Not life-saving
Primary healthcare De-miningInfrastructure reconstruction
Therapeutic feedingLivestock
vaccinationsIM systems
Emergency watsan
General food distributions
Micro-credit
Shelter/NFI Surveillance systems Preparedness plans
ProtectionEmergency education
Psycho-social interventions
Vulnerability assessments
Priority ActivitiesPriority Activities
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Why a CERF request and Why a CERF request and
a Flash Appeal?a Flash Appeal? Major emergencies require a strategic
plan, not a series of disconnected projects.
Most emergencies need more funding than CERF can provide.
Most also need humanitarian actions that are more holistic than those meeting CERF’s strict life-saving criteria.
NGOs cannot appeal for CERF, yet they are often the main response providers.
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Country based fund managed by the Humanitarian Coordinator
Strategic core funding for the CAP & emergency reserve
Inclusive cluster-based allocation process
Access for UN and NGOs
DRC (2006), Sudan (2006), Central African Republic (2009), Somalia (2010)
More than 40 donors (UK, Netherlands, Swedent, Norway, Ireland, Spain)
Common Common Humanitarian Humanitarian
Response FundsResponse Funds
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Country-based fund managed by the HumanitarianCoordinator
Small, rapid and flexible response to unforeseen needs
Access for UN and NGOs (mostly NGOs)
Largest Ethiopia, Haiti, and Somalia (became CHF), Iraq, OPT
In 2009, 56% of funds disbursed to 92 international NGOs, 18% to 70 national NGOs and 27% to UN agencies.
Emergency / Humanitarian Emergency / Humanitarian Response FundsResponse Funds
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
15 countries15 countries
CAP Consolidated Appeal Process
Financial crisis: What will be the final impact of the financial crisis and the Haiti earthquake on overall humanitarian budgets in 2010?
Diversifying funding sources: How can “new” / non-traditional donors and the private sector become more engaged in established financing mechanisms?
How can pass-through funding, particularly CERF funds, be more effectively tracked?
How can humanitarian organizations engage with “development oriented” initiatives such as IATI and Publish What You Fund
Many more…
ON-GOING CHALLENGESON-GOING CHALLENGES