common property forest management and community forestry: case study from morocco
DESCRIPTION
Pierre-Marie AUBERT, Maya LEROY, Laurent AUCLAIR, Didier GENIN, Bruno ROMAGNYAgroParisTech-ENGREF / IRDPresentation for the conference on Taking stock of smallholders and community forestryMontpellier FranceMarch 24-26, 2010TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Common property forest management and community forestry
Pierre-Marie AUBERT, Maya LEROY, Laurent AUCLAIR, Didier GENIN, Bruno ROMAGNY
AgroParisTech-ENGREF / IRD
Case study from Morocco
QuickTime™ et undécompresseur
sont requis pour visionner cette image.
![Page 2: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
• From common property theory to community forestry : analytical and normative dimensions
• The case of Moroccan forestry : degradations explained by :
- the “poverty-environment nexus” and people’s inability to manage forest
- people’s dispossession of forest by the state and disappearance of traditional forest management
• A change in Moroccan forest policy ? An analysis through the example of the Aït Bougmez valley
![Page 3: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CONTENTS
What’s the respective role of analytical and normative dimensions of the “common property model” to account for forest policy and local forest management system transformation ?
1 The Aït Bougmez case study
2 The Moroccan forest policy transformation
3 The local forestry management system transformation
![Page 4: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
I THE AÏT BOUGMEZ CASE STUDY
![Page 5: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Local forestry management, local rules and its implementation
Access and use rules
![Page 6: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A common property theory model to analyse the situation
• The Aït Bougmez forest as a typical “Common Pool Resources System”
• The institutional design principles considered as important (Ostrom, 1990) :
Group and resource system well defined
Rules appropriate to the local context
Individuals allowed to participate in rules negotiations
Self monitoring system
Graduated sanctions exist
Low cost conflict-resolution mechanism
![Page 7: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
QuickTime™ et undécompresseur
sont requis pour visionner cette image.
QuickTime™ et undécompresseur
sont requis pour visionner cette image.
QuickTime™ et undécompresseur
sont requis pour visionner cette image.
QuickTime™ et undécompresseur
sont requis pour visionner cette image.
Source : Aubert, 2010, d’après Hammi, 2007
![Page 8: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A model with two dimensions
• An analytical dimension, which helps us to analyse and make intelligible the situation…
• from which has derived a normative model : community forestry
![Page 9: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
II THE MOROCCAN FORESTRY POLICY TRANSFORMATION
• The spread of the community forestry model in international institutions : World Bank, FAO, PNUD…
• Its appearance in Moroccan forestry : the role of international environmental conventions and international donors — participative forestry more than “community forestry”
• Few legislative evolutions and weak enforcement…
• … except through the creation of a new tool
![Page 10: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A key hypothesis “revisited”…
Hypothesis 1970 Current hypothesis
Local populations are unable to manage forests; the forestry administration needs thus to educate them and manage itself the forest
Local populations were able to manage their forests through customary organisation, which no longer exist : the forestry administration has to revivify and empower these organisations and contract with forest management rules
Source : Aubert, 2010
… however : both still coexist inside of the forestry administration
![Page 11: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
III Local forestry management and forestry policy : hybridisation and
recomposition ?
- a relative loss of legitimacy of the village assemblies, due to several factors
- the importance of informal regulation and negotiation
• A need to shift from common property theory to a more strategic analytical framework :
- conflict regulation through the forester intervention
![Page 12: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The implementation of a new policy tool (1)
• Objective : exclude sheep and goats from reforestation perimeters
• The creation of an association to contract with the forestry administration
• A process still ongoing
• A financial compensation of 250 Dh / ha (around 25 € / ha)
![Page 13: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The implementation of a new policy tool (2)
• Participation through financial compensation…
• … but a de facto territorial exclusion…
• … and a contract of which neither the terms nor the objective can be discussed
• Negotiated between rural elites and forestry administration supervisor
![Page 14: Common property forest management and community forestry: Case study from Morocco](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555dd9bed8b42a192c8b4724/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CONCLUSION
• An analytical model which had led the forestry administration to recognise the existence of common property forest management
• A normative model “imposed” to the Moroccan forestry administration by the international context…
• … but a selective reappropriation
• A theoretical perspective insufficient to understand forest management system transformations: the need for a more strategic and political approach