common tree pests...tree decline and decay development can take 20 years some times. ... of decay....
TRANSCRIPT
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Common Tree Pests& Solutions
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Topics of Discussion
● Tree biorhythms● Insects● Disease● Abiotic● Solutions*each one of these topics could be a 2 day workshop or more!
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Recognizing Tree Biorhythms
● Trees are doing different things at different times of the year.
● Depending on the nature of the stress, different symptoms might appear depending on the season.
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The Seasons
● Spring - primarily vegetation development● Summer - energy production (dormancy)● Fall - primarily root development● Winter - dormancy
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Insects
● Most of what I see is cosmetic damage.● Typically, severe cases have underlying
problems.● Some insects → once you see them, it’s too
late.
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Oak worms
They are here every spring.
Some don’t hang from strings.
Adds to stress complex
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Mountain Laurels
redbugs → Lopidea majorcaterpillars → lepidoptera
See them every year
typically cosmetic damage
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Borers
Typically too late by the time you see damage.
Some beetles only affect already-dead wood.
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Spider Mites
Typical in italian cypress
difficult to treat
paper test
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Diseases
● Decay○ heartwood○ sapwood
● Leaf spot● Vascular*I’ve left out viruses and nematodes
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Heartwood Rots
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Ganoderma
two forms: one more rapid decay than the other
both will yield problems < 5 years
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Laetiporus
Chicken of the woods
Tree can live long time with this.
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Phellinus
Many different species.
Hard to get specific ID.
Often quick killer.
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Summer Limb Drop
Not sure on ID
Phellinus spp ???
See it every year starting in late June.
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Sapwood Infections
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Hypoxylon
Most prominent disease last 5-7 years.
Drought related.
Can mimic oak wilt pattern of spread.
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Kretzschmaria
Very rapid killer.
If you see it, take the tree down ASAP.
Can be hard to see.
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Endothia
kill branches or trunks sections at a time.
limb removal is good option.
Can kill whole tree.
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Leaf Spot
● Oak leaf blister● rusts● anthracnose
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Vascular → Oak wilt
● don’t be a fear monger● do get multiple opinions● do make calculated decisions● do consider alternate diagnosis● do plant resistant trees
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Abiotic Disorders
I like to call (most of) these human disorders.
→ Probably the most manageable and least considered
I’m not going to discuss the stuff we can’t address acutely: urban heat island, air pollution, etc...
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Construction & Site Changes
● tree decline and decay development can take 20 years some times.
● physical injury during construction process● over pruning and elimination of forest layers● creating limited root zones● altered drainage patterns
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Root Flare Problems
● girdling roots in nursery stock● grade changes
○ soil microbes will decay trunk tissue○ potential for girdling roots to develop
■ thick bark trees take time to develop problems: > 5 years
■ thin bark trees develop problems quickly: < 5 years
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Drought (one year)
● Long term → Severe depletion of reserves○ dieback○ susceptible to opportunistic pests
● Short term → ○ year by year consideration → good rain year, tree
starts bouncing back right away. May not regain full strength in one year.
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Irrigation
Doesn’t replace rainfall, but it’s very good life support during drought.→ if existing irrigation is randomly shut off, trees will die. home sales, rentals, water restrictions.
→ installation of irrigation can damage tree roots.
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Poor Drainage
Very typical in high density neighborhoods.
If soil doesn’t dry in 10 days there will be problems.
Moving water doesn’t seem to be a problem.
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Herbicides
● Weed-n-feed still a prominent tree killer● Lawn care companies use very tree-toxic
products: metsulfurion, 2-4D
I always look for presence of weeds in a yard.
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Other Chemical toxins
● Pool water● Well water → can change unexpectedly
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Chlorosis
Common in:● red oaks → iron● maples → manganese
Typically not chemistry problem, but tree health issue or species selection issue.
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Solutionsthe tools in our bag
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Irrigation● Irrigation is a very good thing.● Very difficult to over water in Austin → more likely to
have drainage problems.● Need to be mindful of cutting trenches in root systems.● Spray vs. drip? ● Extent of watered area (drip line)?
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Soil Amending
● Composting○ incorporate into the soil with airspade, or○ top dress on soil
● Mulching○ not more than 5” depth○ will settle to ½ - ⅔ of volume○ doesn’t fix soil problems
● Airspading to restructure soil is the fastest approach to “fixing” bad soils.
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Airspade
● soil amending● trenching around tree roots● exploration to determine construction
feasability● root flare excavations● root pruning
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Root Pruning
● On construction sites → instead of tearing our roots with excavation equipment.
● Remove girdling roots.● Inspect (fix?) root bound nursery stock.
→ Best done in the fall or winter (before February)
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Fertilizing
Very important to consider timing:● too much nitrogen in spring will cause
excessive foliage growth → summer heat stress.
● Root feeding in the fall with slow release fertilizer: urea formaldehyde, methyl-urea
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What is a Fertilizer?
● humic & fulvic acids● compost teas● mycorrhizae● micronutrients● vitamins● enzymes● growth hormones
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Tree Pruning
● Removing diseased/damaged limbs● Improving structural problems● Removing deadwood → long term reduction
of decay.
→ Sick trees typically don’t get better from pruning.
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Pesticides
Pests are usually secondary problems; we call them opportunistic. Using pesticides can be useful for stopping their damage, but if you don’t address the tree’s underlying problems the treatments are in vien.
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Prognosis vs. DiagnosisI think prognosis is much more important
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Diagnosis
Can be a process. ● Many problems only surface at certain times
of the year.● Data collection can take time.● Historical info may not be available.● Getting specific ID of some decay fungi is
nearly impossible.
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Prognosis
● How bad off is the tree, really?● Is it worth the time to go through a thorough
diagnosis process?● How long will the tree live with our without
treatment?● Regardless of what caused the damage,
what is the opportunity to get better, if any?