communicable disease. infectious disease < produced by invasion of body by 6 bacteria 6 viruses 6...
TRANSCRIPT
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Communicable Disease
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Infectious Disease
Produced by invasion of body byBacteriaVirusesFungiOther organisms
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Communicable Disease
Infectious disease Transmissible from one infected
organism to another
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Transmitted by:
Direct contact Indirect contact Airborne transmission Vehicle transmission (food,
water, needles) Vector transmission (organisms)
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Prevention
Maintain good personal health status
Regular physical exams
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Prevention
Immunizations for:Tetanus/diphtheriaHepatitis BMeasles, mumps, rubella
TB skin test at least annually
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Prevention
Consider immunizations for:InfluenzaHepatitis AChicken pox
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Prevention
Wash hands following patient contacts
Wear gloves when contact with human body fluids is anticipated
Wear face mask if patient has productive cough (or put mask on patient)
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Prevention
Avoid needle stick (Do NOT recap needles)
Clean up blood spills quickly using bleach solution
Use disposable equipment
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Tuberculosis
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Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Transmitted by droplets Pulmonary TB - cough, infected
sputum, hemoptysis, pleuritic pain)
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Tuberculosis
Pulmonary TB Signs/SymptomsCoughInfected sputumHemoptysisPleuritic pain
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Tuberculosis
Very low communicability, requires repeated exposure
Mask patients with active TB Routine skin tests; follow-up on
positive reactors
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Viral Hepatitis
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Hepatitis A
Fecal-oral contact Children, young adults Most infections subclinical or
very mild Does not cause chronic liver
disease or carrier state
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Hepatitis B
Parenteral transmission (blood, dirty needles)
Sexual transmission Can cause liver failure, necrotic
cirrhosis Can cause carrier state
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Viral Hepatitis
Signs/SymptomsAnorexiaMalaiseNausea, vomitingFeverJoint painDark urine, jaundice
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Viral Hepatitis
Vaccine, immune serum globulin available for both A and B
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Meningitis
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Meningitis
Inflammation of membranes covering brain, spinal cord
Bacteria, viruses, fungi Bacterial forms most serious
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Bacterial Meningitis
Signs/SymptomsHeadacheNauseaFeverStiff neckRapid progression to delirium,
coma, seizures
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Bacterial Meningitis
Neissera meningitidisPetechiaeEcchymosisSeptic shock
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Bacterial Meningitis
Avoid contact with oral secretions Not transmissible by breathing same
air as patient If close contact occurs, Rifampin
600mg bid 2d
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HIV/AIDS
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Viral infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Damage to helper T cells suppresses immune system
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AIDS
Recurring opportunistic infectionsPneumocystis carini pneumoniaKaposi’s sarcomaCandida albicans
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HIV/AIDS
Transmitted by blood, semen, vaginal secretions
Contact with tears, saliva, sweat will not cause infection
Cannot be transmitted by casual contact Wash hands, wear gloves, needle
precautions