communicable diseases/ health education 8

Communicable Diseases/ Health Education 8

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MARIA SARAH V. GARCIA, MPE

CAROL P. TANO, MAT


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Preface In today’s new normal world, many of your systems and practices seem to be

organized in a way that separates the different facets of health- for example, a nutritionist

might recommend ways to eat healthfully, and a therapist might recommend ways to cope

with stress, but often, there is little to no crossover guidance for fitting the pieces together

as a whole. Remember that your health encompasses not just the absence of physical

disease, but involves healthy habits, thoughts, coping mechanisms, and peaceful ways of

relating to your environment and to others. In such, it is important to have a clear outlook

of yourself so that you will be able to focus on your good points and develop your

weaknesses. If you know yourself well, you will know what you must do to stay healthy.

In compliance with the requirements of the Most Essential Learning Competencies

(MELC) by the Department of Education as aligned to the standards of K to 12 curriculum for

the grade 8 Health Education program, this module will help you understand the concept of

Human Sexuality (sex, gender, sexuality, teenage concerns, and decision making); Family

Health (family structure, mental health, and responsible parenthood); Communicable

Diseases (common communicable diseases, emerging and reemerging infections and

prevention of these diseases); and Gateway Substances (smoking, alcohol drinking, and

control of substance abuse). All these aims to provide you with the knowledge and skills

needed to establish and practice healthful behaviors.

Inside every module are several activities that will facilitate your learning

experiences meaningfully. The activities further provide you engaging tasks to check your

understanding and progress in each lesson. The following essential parts that are being used

in the module are the Learning Through which is the discussion part. The author used the

official textbook provided by the school, and some references and websites to further

explain the important concepts, terms and principles. The Learning Engagement which

allows you to become confident, connected, and actively involved as you perform the given

activities and tasks. Such will help you become lifelong learners. The Reinforcement

contains the activities found in your book. The Learning Output provides activities that will

help you deepen your understanding of the lessons. Finally, the Learning Outcome that will

measure the mastery of the essential knowledge you learned by reflecting the skills and

competencies that you have achieved and demonstrated upon successfully completing the

course.

There will be a lot of challenges as we go along with the lessons but with the support

of your parents, your cooperation and willingness to learn nothing is impossible. Let us

embrace this new normal with a positive mindset. Let us take these challenges together!

-- Carol P. Tano, MAT


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Table of Contents

Module No. Topics Page No.

Preface 2

Role of Parents 4

General Objectives 6

1 Communicable Diseases 8

2 Emerging and Reemerging Infections 12

3 Disease Prevention Strategies 14

Learning Engagement 15

Reinforcement 15

Learning Output 16

Learning Outcome 17

Subject Requirements 18

Virtual Classroom Policies 19

References 22


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The Role of Parents The School-Home or Parent-Teacher partnership is very vital in the students’ academic

achievement and success in education. Parents play an important role in their children’s

attitudes about learning and support learning at home. This partnership is an important

factor to help students reach their maximum potential. As we shift to a new paradigm of

the online teaching-learning process, we believe that educating students cannot be

achieved by teachers’ efforts alone. Parents’ involvement in the education of their

children is essential. Thus, parents are encouraged to play the following roles to supplement that of the teachers.

• Setting up parental controls for a safe and worry-free screen time of their

children

• Providing physical and technical support in setting up the children’s learning

station at home, checking internet connection and any laptop malfunction

• Providing a conducive place for their children to work during live lessons, with

good lighting, quiet and comfortable venue for learning

• Providing necessary school materials/equipment needed as required by the

subject teachers for their children’s project/ output/ performances/ activities

• Making sure that their children are dressed appropriately (school uniform) while

participating in live lessons

• Establishing routines/schedules and house rules in online learning

• Monitoring the conduct of proper behavior of their children during live

lessons(synchronous)

• Ensuring that the child is on task within the given schedule

• Monitoring the children’s work constantly by browsing the module or logging on

to the PSD e-desk /learning portal

• Monitoring their children’s progress in school regularly, by constantly checking

their work through browsing the module and logging on to the PSD e-desk portal

and making sure that the homework/ assigned activities are done

• Motivating their children to do their best in everything that they do by giving

commendations on their achievements and encouraging them to work

independently

• Maintaining harmonious parent-teacher relationship and attending scheduled

parent-teacher conferences and other important school meetings

• Reading communication sent by the school, accomplishing the required response

for each letter and confirming the receipt of the letter through PSD E-desk

• Answering the school’s online survey and correspondence as honestly and

promptly as possible

• Communicating clarifications or issues with the teacher within the official work

hours

• Keeping in touch with the teachers to keep themselves up-to-date with their

children’s progress


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• Raising issues and concerns through the proper forum

• Complying with the school policies on discipline and integrity

• Following protocols set by the various school offices in transacting academic

concerns, payments, and other school-related matters

• Maintaining a happy disposition to create a safe space for their children where

they can lay out all their issues or concerns that are bothering them to treat their

parents as their friends

• Coaching/ helping students to build good habits and develop skills in good time

management

• Looking for ways to inspire their children to avoid stress and discomfort of

performing the task


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General Objectives At the end of the school year, you will be able to learn about the habits, behaviors,

interactions, and decisions related to healthy daily living and planning for the future, for you to understand, accept and appreciate diversity and the uniqueness of self and others in our global society and use resources effectively to manage and explore life roles and career opportunities and challenges which will help you to be make responsible and healthy choices that will lead them to become successful individual and active member of the society.

Specifically, you are expected to:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Define and differentiate terms like sex, gender, and sexuality;

2. Identify personal concerns and challenges pertaining to sexual behavior and

practices among adolescents;

3. Analyze behaviors that promote healthy relationship in marriage and family life;

4. Demonstrate an understanding of family structure, maternal health and

responsible parenthood for healthy lifestyle;

5. Demonstrate understanding in the prevention and control of communicable

diseases;

6. Analyze the nature of emerging and reemerging diseases;

7. Analyze the negative health impact of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking;

8. Discuss strategies in the prevention and control of cigarette smoking and

drinking alcoholic beverages; and

9. Suggest healthy alternatives to cigarettes and alcohol to promote healthy lifestyle.


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After going through this module, you will be able to know the nature,

prevention, and control of common communicable diseases (mortality and

morbidity); for you to understand the transmission and spread of diseases;

Specifically, you should be able to:

1. Identify the factors that influence disease transmission;

2. Discuss the stages of infection;

3. Demonstrate healthful practices in order to prevent and control

communicable diseases; and

4. Recommend actions to prevent and control the spread of communicable

diseases

Which will enable you to become an aware and responsible citizen.

Figure 1. Communicable Disease

MODULE 3: Communicable Diseases

Timeframe: 6 Weeks


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Lesson 1: Common Commuicable Diseases

Week 1

Disease prevention and control

is a very important health

concern because it affects the

quality of people’s life.

Communicable diseases not

only threaten the sick person

but also his/her family and the

society in general. Thus,

protecting ourselves and our

families from diseases is both a

personal and social

responsibility.

A communicable disease is a disease that can be transmitted from person to

person either directly through contact with a diseased individual, through

individual’s bodily discharge, or indirectly through a vector.


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Mode of Transmission

A vector is a living organism that transmits infectious disease between humans

or from animals to humans. Most vectors are blood-feeding insects, which ingest

disease causing microorganisms during blood meal from an infected host (human or

animal) and later injects into a new host.

Mosquitoes are the most common vectors of disease. In the Philippines, the two

common vector-borne diseases are dengue fever and malaria. Dengue is transmitted by

the mosquito Aedes Aegypti; while malaria is transmitted by the Anopheles species.

A pathogen is a microbe that causes a disease and maybe transmitted by air (for

instance when a diseased person coughs or sneeze).

Stages of Infection


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Morbidity is the state

of being diseased or

unhealthy, while

mortality refers to

death.

A. Incubation Period

• This process begins at the moment the pathogen is transmitted to the host.

• During this time, NO SYMPTOMS will manifest.

• The pathogen multiplies inside the host but has not yet reached a critical

number to cause the disease.

B. Prodrome

• As the pathogens grow in number, it avoids and resists the host’s immune

defenses.

• During this time, e person anticipates sickness.

• Fatigue or loss of energy may occur and joints and muscles begin to ache.

C. Disease

• Pathigens load reaches the critical point and overcomes the hosts immune

defenses.

• The infection now becomes a full-blown disease.

• Signs and symptoms of infection will appear.

D. Convalescence

• The host immune system has the disease under control and the pathogen

begins to decline until its full elimination.

• The person gradually recovers his/her strength.

Communicable Diseases in the Philippines

RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES

A. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

▪ Also known as Acute Respiratory Infection of URTI.

▪ It is caused by an acute infection onvolving the nasal

passages, sinuses, pharynx, or larynx.

▪ Symptoms are runny nose, cough, sore throat, and

hoarseness, fever may also be present.

B. Bronchitis

▪ This is the inflammation of the bronchial airways.

▪ Aymptoms include phlegm, shortness of breath, fever and a feeling of

tightness in chest.

C. Pneumonia

▪ This is an infection in one or both lungs.

▪ It is commonly caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae.

▪ Symptoms are cough with phlehm, fever, chills and difficulty in breathing.


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D. Tuberculosis

▪ It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

▪ Symptoms include fever, cough, weight loss, and coughing blood.

▪ It can also affect other organs like the brain and spine.

E. Influenza

▪ This causes high fever, cough,colds, and joint and muscle pains.

DIARRHEA ILLNESSESS

A. Acute Gastroenteritis

▪ This causes diarrhea and/or vomiting for several days.

▪ Its most common complication is dehydration.

B. Amebiasis

▪ This is an intestinal illness caused by an Entamoeba histolytica.

▪ It develops afte the ingestion of contaminated food or fluid.

C. Salmonellosis and Shigellosis

▪ Salmonellasis is a bacterial infection of the intestinal tract caused by

salmonella bacteria. It is transmitted through the consumption of

contaminated food or water.

▪ Shigellosis is a bacterial infection caused by shigella bacteria. Tha main sign

of shigellosis is diarrhea that is often bloody.


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Lesson 2: Emerging and Reemerging Infections

A. LEPTOSPIROSIS

▪ This is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria called

genus leptospira. The bacteria are transmitted to

humans from animals through the urine of infected

animals or urine contaminated environment through

cuts or abrasion on the skin.

B. CHIKUNGUNYA

▪ This is a mosquito-borne viral disease first describe

during an outbreak in southern Tanzania in 1952.

▪ This is transmitted to people through the bite of

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquiotes.

C. EBOLA

▪ This happens through contact with infected animals

such as fruit bats or primates.

▪ It spreads from human to human through direct

contact with blood or body fluids of an infected

person and contaminated objects.

▪ It is fatal since no vaccine and medicine is available

for Ebola.

D. SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS)

▪ First pandemic of the twenty-first century.

▪ Caused by a strain of CORONAVIRUS.

▪ First emerged in China.

Week 2


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E. AVIAN INFLUENZA A(H1N1)

▪ This is a flu virus and was called SWINE FLU when

this was detected in 2009 because this was similar to

those found in pigs.

▪ Vaccines have been developed to protect against A

H1N1 Virus.

F. MERS-CoV

▪ Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, is

theorized to have come from camels.

▪ first case came from Saudi Arabia in 2012.

G. DENGUE

▪ This is a mosquito-borne viral infection that produces

a flu-like illness.

▪ it is found in tropical and subtropical climates and

one of the leading cause of death in Asia and Latin

American counties,

H. ZIKA

▪ This is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.

▪ It causes Microcephaly in newborn.

▪ Microcephaly is a condition where in the brain does

not normally develop, resulting in a smaller head.

I. MENINGOCOCCEMIA

▪ This is a bacterial infection of the blood due to the

bacterium NEISSRIA MANINGITIDIS.

▪ Transmission is from person to person through

respiratory secretions.


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J. HAND, FOOT and MOUTH DISEASE

▪ This is caused by COXCAKEIVIRUS, which is the most

common cause.

▪ There is no vaccine to protect against the viruses that

cause this diseases.

▪ The virus is transmitted through coughs or sneezes.

Lesson 3: Disease Prevention Strategies

FACE MASK

▪ This limits the spread of respiratory pathogens.

The following are personal protective measure:

▪ Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing.

▪ Use tissue and dispose them in nearest waste receptacle.

▪ Perform hand hygiene after when coughing or sneezing.

HANDWASHING

▪ Hand hygiene is the most important startegy to avoid getting sick.

IMMUNIZATION

▪ Most cost-effective disease prevention startegy.

▪ It is usually doin through vaccination to fortify the immune system against infectious

diseases.

VECTOR CONTROL

a. Remove places where mosquitoes lay eggs.

b. Eliminate larvae and pupae.

c. Control adult mosquitoes.


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Activity: Make a COMMITMENT on how I can help prevent the spread

of diseases.

Direction: Write your commitment in A4 bond paper portrait orientation. Affix your signature below your work and ask your parents to read then sign. Use the following questions as your guide and the sample below.

Guide questions: 1. As a teenager, what can I do to prevent the spread of diseases?

2. How can I help my classmates, schoolmates, and my family not to

be infected by the diseases?

Name: ____________________________ Section: ________________

MY COMMITMENT ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Student Signature: ________________________ Parent Signature: _________________________

Answer the activity on your book:

✓ Chapter Test part I (10 items) and II (10 items) on page 357

Week 3 and 4


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Activity: INFOGRAPHIC Poster

Direction: 1. In a group of 5-6 members make an infographic poster about the

communicable diseases and how to prevent and control them. 2. Layout your output creatively in an infographic poster, ONE PAGE ONLY.

Use an A4 size landscape orientation in JAMBOARD or CANVA. Check the sample infographic poster below:

3. Leaders in each group will upload the infographic poster in the google drive link to be posted in the e desk. Make sure to put it in the correct folder assigned to your section. Filename format: GroupNumber.Q3Health.pdf (example: Group 1.Q3Health.pdf) DEADLINE OF UPLOADING WILL BE ON DECEMBER 16, 2021. Rubrics:

Content 10pts Clarity of Message 10pts Creativity 10pts Total 30pts


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Final Outcome: Presentation of the infographic poster

Direction: The class will hold an Awareness Program. The goal is to spread awareness in order to prevent and control these communicable diseases.

Each group will:

1. Present your Infographic Poster (Learning Output) in the class at least 2 members in each group will present. Schedule of presentation per section will be assigned by the teacher.

2. Show your Infographic Poster and introduce your group as the graphic designer.

3. Explain your Infographic Poster. Do not just read the words you put on your Infographic Poster. Include further descriptions.

Note: The whole class, and each of you, should pretend you are holding an Awareness Program, thus, the way of delivery must be enthusiastic and believable. Remember, you are going to spread awareness in order to prevent and control these communicable diseases.

GRASPS: Responsible Individual/Citizen Goal : For them to become responsible individual/citizen Role : Responsible individual/citizen Audience : People in the society Situation : Awareness Program 2021 Product : Infographic Poster Standard : Rubrics

Presentation (Delivery) 15pts Preparedness 5pts

Total 20pts

Week 5 & 6


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Quiz Time

Direction: Wait for your teacher to give you the quiz.

Subject Requirements

• Module Learning Activities • Assigned Book Activities • Tests and Quizzes • Learning Output • Learning Outcome

Let us prepare for this! 😊

DON’T FORGET to review for the upcoming 3rd Periodical

Examination!

Good Luck and God Bless!


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Virtual Classroom Policies To ensure a positive and productive learning environment, all students must adhere to

the following virtual class policies:

1. Students must be well prepared in going to the online class. They must be on the

platform on time or 5 minutes before the scheduled class.

2. Login credentials must not be shared. Sharing of login information violates other

students' and teachers' rights to confidentiality and could allow class

participation by unauthorized persons and/or lead to disruptive behaviors that

detract from a productive and positive learning environment. Students must not

share their personally identifiable information (class link, link given by the

teachers, downloaded activities) to other people.

3. Students must check the video, audio, and internet connection before the start of classes.

4. Students must immediately notify the teacher in case untoward incidents happen

(power failure, laptop malfunction, connectivity problem, etc.)

5. Students are required to have an appropriate place (good lighting, quiet, with

strong connectivity, comfortable) in conducting online lessons. They should have

a learning space free from any form of distraction around them. They should also

make sure that they are the only person who can be seen from their camera.

6. Students must use their PSD system e-mail account to log into the Zoom virtual

class session.

7. Students should follow the given format for their user IDs on screen.

Section (First 2 Letters + Surname + Initial of First Name)

Example: DA Cruz, P.

8. Students must observe proper grooming and complete school uniform.

9. Virtual class sessions are designed for students. To prevent disruptions to the

learning environment, parents/guardians should not actively participate in check-in

sessions, although parents/guardians may assist their child with technology and/or

remain nearby.

10. Students must keep their cameras on throughout the online learning sessions to

ensure the constant connection with the teacher and classmates. Students who will

turn –off their cameras without a valid reason shall be considered absent in the class

interaction of learners.


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11. Students should mute their respective microphones upon entering the virtual

classroom. They can only turn on their microphones when the teacher calls them to

speak and share their ideas or ask questions.

12. Students are highly encouraged to participate actively in online learning

discussions.

13. Students have the right to express themselves and share their opinions and ideas

freely. However, they have to do it with full respect and courtesy.

14. Students must show respect to classmates at all times. They should refrain from

making any vulgar statements or gestures that may interrupt the class from learning

and demotivate their classmates. They should always be respectful and courteous to

other students and teachers during virtual class sessions. Inappropriate, offensive,

or threatening comments; misrepresentation of identity, and/or disruptive behavior

by any participants during virtual class sessions will not be tolerated and be

reported to POD for the sanctions.

15. Students should not use obscene, profane, threatening, or disrespectful language

or images in any communication with the teachers. Name-calling or cyber bullying

will not be allowed during online classes. Any violation of this rule shall be subjected

to disciplinary action.

16. Students must avoid doing any recordings or taking screenshots at any time

during online learning sessions. They should not transmit or post any part of the

virtual class session on any social media platform.

17. Any confidential or personally identifiable information related to the teachers or

students participating during virtual class sessions should not be collected,

discussed, or shared.

18.Students should avoid spamming the chat boxes. The chat box is for educational

purposes, only things that are related to the lesson can be raised in the chat box.

19. Students should adhere to the provisions stipulated under the students' manual

of the school and the new guidelines/ policies set by the Office of the Prefect of

Discipline.

20. Students are strictly prohibited from opening social media accounts, playing games online, and opening other sites during online lessons unless instructed by the teacher.

21. Students will be required to attend a Learner Support Program based on the assessment of the subject teachers.


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The Use of PSD E- Desk and Other Online Platforms

1. Students must use the PSD E-desk and its other resources for educational

purposes only.

2. Students must practice keeping the confidentiality of information. It is prohibited

to share passwords, links (exclusive to their classes), email addresses, and other

contact information without the permission of the concerned party.

3. Students must use an email address and profile picture that is appropriate for an

educational environment. Email addresses that use profanity or may otherwise

be construed as offensive, shall not be permitted. Profile pictures should be a

headshot of the student only and may not be offensive or inappropriate in any

manner. The teacher reserves the right to determine if a student's email address

and/or profile picture is inappropriate. Students using an inappropriate email

address and/or profile picture will be required to update their user profiles.

4. Students are strongly prohibited from using another student's account in logging

on the PSD E-desk or other platforms.

5. Teachers will post or upload course materials or learning tasks anytime between

1 PM to 7 PM. Students are highly encouraged to always log on to their PSD E-

desk accounts for updates.

6. Teachers are available for consultation and concerns via the PSD E-desk forum,

psdqatar email addresses, and other duly authorized platforms as per schedule

given to students. All concerns and questions sent beyond 3 PM will receive a

response the next day.

7. Students must use written and oral communication responsibly. They have to

avoid the use of vulgar words, condescending or belittling, and aggressive

language or any forms of bullying.

8. All communications with other students must be course-related, polite,

courteous, and respectful. Sending unsolicited emails to other classmates is

prohibited.

9. Students must report to their teachers if there is any form of communication that

they deem is inappropriate or makes them feel uncomfortable.

10. Students must be mindful of what they post online. Posting of obscene,

threatening, offensive, or inappropriate materials is prohibited.


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11. Students should submit their learning tasks/homework according to the file type

specified by the teacher (MS Word, pdf, etc.). All files that are too big to be

accepted in the PSD E-desk must be uploaded to a specific google drive (address

to be given by the teacher).

Academic Honesty

1. Copying another student's work, or allowing others to knowingly copy a student's

work and plagiarism or misusing content from the Internet is not allowed. Once

discovered, the student may incur zero marks as a result of the misbehavior and

will be dealt with accordingly.

2. Students are strongly prohibited from doing tasks or answering tests for other

students.

3. Students are not allowed to collaborate with other students (work with) on

assignments unless directed to do so by their subject teachers. Working together is

useful in the traditional classroom, but it is not permitted in our online

environment without specific teacher instructions to do so. Also, parents may not

log in to a student account and complete coursework on behalf of the student.

4. Students must inform their parents once there is a letter for parents uploaded on

the PSD E-desk. Only the parents should read and confirm all the reply slips sent to

them through the PSD E-desk.

REFERENCES

• Sibs, ACES MAPEH BOOK • All pictures and clip arts are taken from google images, all credits and recognition are given

to them.

communicable diseases/ health education 8

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