COMMUNICATION & BREEDING OF FAMILY

CANIDAE By

COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION

1. It include vocalization, olfaction, visual communication

2. Complex interaction are build from simpler elements ( growls or a wagging tail)

3. Simpler elements gestures (b/n individuals) interactions(b/n groups)relationships(b/n packs)social system

4. In jackals exacts elements of behaviour are 12 parts of body (eg:ear,muzzles,tail)

5. Exact gesture virtually never repeated itself reflecting complexity of interaction .

Objectives1. Express emotions like fear anger 2. Calls for assembling a pack of dogs3. Directive sounds during hunting4. Communicate b/n male & female, parent &

youngOrigin 1. Inborn&devlp during maturation2. Learn from parents & other individuals

VOCAL COMMUNICATION

HOWLS:wolves coyotes and jackals all have howls

Pure tone by a lone individual with a single freq acts to bring the pack together

If several individuals some H.ling, some B.ing, some G.ling is a territorial signal asserting rights to the land

Wolves howls last for .5-11sec Allowing them to comm effectively In thick forests

A wolf howls may be heard from upto 10 miles (16 km) away dpds on weather

Howling occurs most often twilight as preceding the adult departure to the hunt and following their hunt

Wolf howls more frequently during breeding season

Pups can be provoked into howling sessions easily over the following 2 months

HOWLING

GROWLING: aggressive call & for threat (while teeth are bared )

Wolf growls have a distinct deep ,bass like Qlty

BARKING:territorial call of dogs Wolves barks when nervous or when alerting

other wolves of danger Pups bark more frequently than adults for

attention ,care & food

• WHINE:-first used by puppies to comm with mother. Mature dogs may whine during a)pain b)frustration

VISUAL COMMUNICATIONCALM DOG

EAR & TAIL HANGING DOWN

ALERT DOG

TAIL & EARS POINTED UP

AGGRESSIVE DOGHAIR, SHOULDER,RUMP RAISES & LIPS DRAWN BACK

FRIGHTENED DOGEAR FLATENED AGAINST HRAD REGION TAIL DESCENDS UNTIL ITS BETWEEN THE LEGS

DEFENSIVE

SCENT COMMUNICATION

VERY POWERFULL USED FOR PATH FINDINGS DOG:-repeated urination WILD DOG:-leave their droppings Glands on the feet skin lips & anus are modified

secretion ALL CANINES HAVE A SCENT GLAND (marked by black spot on the upper basal half

of tail)

FEMALE IN CONDITION TO BREED ARE RECOGNISED BY SCENT

BREEDING

No fixed breeding season

(but breeding is more pronounced at particular season)

Nursery selected by parents

eg: natural hole, cave, cavity among rocks No. of females select a favored site and form

a breeding colony

GP:-wolf:-60-63d

wild dog :- 70d

fox:-51-53d High fecundity (normally 5-6) African wild dog & artic fox 15-20 pups Wolves keep a pair & prevent opp sex away

from mates

Red fox & coyotes form permanent partnership

Wild dogs select& live long before union Domestic dog is promiscuous in its mating

As soon as they are strong enough they are taken out for hunting expedition

Except African wild dogs all are monogamy which is polyandrous (one female will mate more than one male during her estrus

&

DR. PRASAD SIR

And my group members

SHREELAKSHMI MOHANDASS JOSEPH J KALLINKAL & SIMITHA JHONE