(communications, lighting, solar): a new green direction

Earth Abundant Materials Technology.

Translucent Inc

Green photonicsGreen photonics


Translucent Inc

[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011

1

Michael S. Lebby

GM & CTO

[email protected]


Translucent Inc3 key takeaways…

• Photonics enables many things and is part of our lifestyle

• Photonics will be designed for many products and applications (communications, lighting, solar)


• Photonics is green and will enable new technologies and products that will also be green…

Lifestyle, photonics, green


Translucent Inc

OIDA � TranslucentOIDA � Translucent


Translucent Inc


3

…move into green technologies

[email protected]


Translucent IncSilex Systems family

Silex Systems Limited

Founded: 1988IPO: 1998 (SLX.AX)


SilexSolarTranslucent Inc. Solar SystemsChronologic

PV panel business(formerly BP Solar Sydney Olympic Park)

Advanced materials

Instrumentation Utility scale PV

Advanced green technologies

4


Translucent IncGreen technology focus…

Silex Systems Limited

Founded: 1988IPO: 1998 (SLX.AX)


SilexSolarTranslucent Inc. Solar SystemsChronologic

PV panel business(formerly BP Solar Sydney Olympic Park)

Advanced materials

Instrumentation Utility scale PV

Advanced green technologies

5


Translucent IncOver a decade � company evolves

from communications to green…

• 2001 - Company founded out of Stanford University to

develop EDWAs for communications

• 2003 – First patent issued on Rare Earth Oxides (Er)

• 2003-2005 – DARPA (EPIC) program on silicon light emitters

• 2007 – REO photovoltaics for novel up-conversion layers

• 2009 – First REO crystalline SOI (natural SOI using GdO)

• 2010 – Michael Lebby brought in as GM to commercialize:

“on-silicon” REO technology (Ge-on-Si, GaN-on-Si)

• 2010 – First 150mm REO wafer


• 2010 – First 150mm REO wafer

• 2011 – First 200mm REO wafer, first 100mm GaN-on-Si

wafer, first 150mm Ge-on-Si wafer

• 2012 – Scaling GaN-on-Si to 200mm, advanced development

and manufacturing

Decade of advanced materials R&D…

6


Translucent Inc



Translucent Inc


7


[email protected]


Translucent IncIn a decade…

• A truly green vehicle with LEDs and solar panels…


Sources: Philips Lumileds, OIDA, George Craford

Extreme but effective…


Translucent IncUSA’s biggest (passive)

weapon• Saving energy � less oil � less dependence on fossil fuels


It’s a lifestyle…turn things off…


Translucent IncPhotonics in renewables…

• Barrier: Scaling up renewable GW in our infrastructure– Cost of renewable electricity

– Performance and reliability

– Infrastructure robustness and capacity

– Simplfying dispatchable energy (wind)

• Barrier: Obsoleting petroleum (fossil) based fuels– Cellulosic ethanol cost (wood, grass, non-edible plants)

– Life cycle sustainability of biofuels

– Fuels infrastructure, standards, metrics


– Fuels infrastructure, standards, metrics

– Demand, utilization and intermediate blends

• Barrier: Shrinking energy demand of buildings, automotives, etc– Coordinated implementation of model building codes

– Market does not value efficiency

– Cost of energy efficient technologies

– Performance and reliability of new technologies

Sources: NREL, Dan Arvizu

Decade programs: attitude �� cultural


Translucent IncWill the oil era come to an

end?

The start of a new era of creative, innovative

technologies


Oil era slows

Source: Christoph Harder Swiss Laser Network, Oerli kon Solar, Uppsala hydrocarbon depletion study grou p

Stage entry for new technology…


Translucent IncWhole planet?

• 50yrs,

• 100yrs,

• If ever?


Sources: Kurtz NREL

Important issue in public minds…


Translucent IncThe green value chain…

Value Chain

Service

Providers

Systems

Green - eco-system and energy efficient designGreen photonics systems and component

Home display, solar cell, lighting windows/panels

Limited green impact Big green impact

Wireline/wireless carriers; lighting architects; consumer services; media/content providers


Technology Breadth

Modules

Components

Sources: OIDA research, Translucent Inc

TelecomModules

TelecomDevices

SensingIndustrialDevices

MilitarySpec

Devices

Medical &High Power

Lasers

LightingModules

AdvancedMaterials

Nano/BioPackages

SensingIndustrialModules

LightingDevices

Solar &EnergyDevices

DisplayDevices

Solar &Energy

Modules

Defense SecurityModules

High PowerLaser

Modules

Green has a huge impact in society…


Translucent Inc

Photonics markets Photonics markets


Translucent Inc


14

are already globalare already global

[email protected]


Translucent IncGlobal OE/photonics market

• Growing from $353B in 2009 to $516B in 2021

– FPD big driver � 3.9% CAGR; SSL still best growth at 29% CAGR

400.0

500.0

600.0

Re

ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

) Photonic lighting

Precision optical lens and laser

Lighting

Dog-leg �� slow down


0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

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21

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ve

nu

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$B

illi

on

)


Optical fiber comm

Optical storage

Optical I/O devices

Flat panel displays

Optical components

FPD

Sources: OIDA research, IOA

Outlook is strong for photonics…


Translucent IncAsia dominant in OE/photonics

• Asia owned 81%

of global 2009 OE

market of $353B USA

11%

Canada

1%

South Korea

17%

France

1%

Germany

1%

Netherlands

3%

Italy

0%

UK

1%

Other Europe

2%2009


Japan

30%

Taiwan

22%

China

8%

Other Asia

3%


North America & Europe minor players


Translucent IncMarket share in 2021

• USA

– Down 11% � 8%USA

8%

Canada

1%

Japan

24%

South Korea

18%

France

1%

Germany

3% Netherlands

3%

Italy

0%

UK

0%

Other Europe

2%2021


24%

Taiwan

23%

China

14%

Other Asia

3%


Asia remains strong


Translucent IncOE/photonics market by

major location

• By 2021, share: Europe 8.6%, USA 9%, and Asia 82.4%

• Asia photonics maintains growth (3.4% CAGR 2010-2021)

400.0

500.0

600.0

Re

ve

nu

es

($B

illi

on

)


0.0

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200.0

300.0

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nu

es

($B

illi

on

)

Europe

Asia

North America


Asian infrastructure strongest


Translucent IncOE/photonics market by

country

• By 2021,

OE/photonics

will be a $500B

business with many

countries

contributing…300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

Re

ven

ue

($

Bil

lion

)

Other Europe

UK

Italy

Netherlands

Germany

France


contributing…

• China grows quickly

• US constant0.0

100.0

200.0

20

05

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20

20

21

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ven

ue

($

Bil

lion

)

South Korea

Other Asia

China

Taiwan

Japan

Canada

USA


Design + manf �� off-shore


Translucent IncUSA decade trends remain

flat

• Optical fiber

communications

and components

strong

• Photonic lighting 25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

Re

ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

)

Photonic lighting


Optical fiber comm

Optical storage


• Photonic lighting

CAGR 2010-21 of

12.2%

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Re

ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

)Optical storage

Optical I/O devices

Flat panel displays

Optical components


Flat decade in photonics


Translucent IncOptoelectronics components

• USA 12% market share at $11.3B in 2021

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

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ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

)Other Europe

UK

Italy

Netherlands

Germany

France


0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

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ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

)

France

South Korea

Other Asia

China

Taiwan

Japan

Canada

USA


Japan, Taiwan, china leading producers


Translucent Inc

Green photonics will Green photonics will


Translucent Inc


22

growgrow

[email protected]


Translucent IncDefining ‘green photonics’…

• Contribution of photonics is considered “green” if it

– Generates or conserves energy

– Reduces greenhouse gas emissions

– Reduces pollution

– Yields a more environmentally sustainable outcome

– Improves human health

• Methodology

– Start with base optoelectronics market forecast

Optoelectronic componentsHBLEDStd ledLED ModuleLinear CCDArea CCDContact image sensorCMOS image sensorSolar cell

Flat panel displaysLCD (tft)LCD (tn, stn)PDPVFDOLEDMicrodisplayLTPS TFT

Optical I/O devicesDSCCopierFax machineMulti-functional product


– Start with base optoelectronics market forecast

– Analyze OE segments for green criteria

– Aggregate all green segments for market total

– Identify green elements of segments

– Forecast the penetration rate to 2021

– Expect criteria for green � stringent

• Slowing penetration rates

Multi-functional productLaser printerBar code readerScanner

Optical storageConsumer disc playerOptical disc player for PCRe-writable discOptical disc titles

Optical fiber commsOptical cableOptical passive componentsOptical communication equipmentOptical active componentsOptical modules

Precision optical lens and laserLasersPrecision optical lensLaser application equipmentsOptical lens

Solid state lightingIn-Organic LEDOrganic LED


Systematically reviewing OE segments…


Translucent IncGlobal OE/photonics market

• Looking at this market from a green perspective

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

Re

ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

) Photonic lighting


Optical fiber comm

$516B


0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

20

05

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illi

on

)

Optical fiber comm

Optical storage

Optical I/O devices

Flat panel displays

Optical components


Graph is a basis for green photonics…


Translucent IncGlobal OE components mkt

• Green portion grows quickly over decade

– 13.3% ($46.6B) in 2008 to 52% ($243B) in 2021

400.0

500.0

600.0

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ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

s)

$516B


0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Re

ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

s)

green total

Balance of Mkt

Sources: OIDA research, Phil Wright WRT Associate s

General acceptance of energy efficiency…


Translucent IncGreen OE by segment

• FPD largest growing to $110B by 2021

– OE components 2nd, reflecting large role of PV and HBLEDs

200.0

250.0

300.0

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ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

)

Green photonic lighting

Green precision optical lens and

laser

Green optical fiber comm


0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021

Re

ve

nu

e (

$B

illi

on

)

Green optical fiber comm

Green optical storage

Green optical I/O devices

Green flat panel displays

Green optical components


Consumer applications big driver for green


Translucent IncGreen OE components: detail

• 2010-2021 CAGR solar 8.8% and HBLED 21.7%

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

Re

ven

ue

($

Bill

ion

)

Green solar PV cell

Green CMOS image sensor

Green contact image sensor


0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Re

ven

ue

($

Bill

ion

)

Green contact image sensor

Green area CCD

Green linear CCD

Green HLED Module

Green std led

HBLED Device


Consumer applications big driver for green


Translucent Inc

Networks must Networks must


Translucent Inc


28

address scalingaddress scaling

[email protected]


Translucent IncNetwork as a catalyst for change in

lifestyle

• Social lifestyle � personal lifestyle


� Before� Computer centric� Experts level� Data exchange

� Today� Network centric� Trained level� Archieval/access

� Future� User centric� Pedestrian level� Knowledgeable

Source: MIC Japan, Fujitsu, NTT

Lifestyle drives PAN �� BAN


Translucent IncSocial networking user growth is driving

bandwidth, datacenters

500M+


Source: Donn Lee, Facebook, Sept 09

When will the trend slow down?


Translucent Incfrom Exa to Zetta-bytes…

Only 44 Exabytes/month in 2012


Source: Loukas Paraschis, Cisco, OIDA OPTOmism

Driven by consumer internet…


Translucent IncSystem capacity and network traffic (Including voice)

• 2010-2030 forecast trends

10000

100000

1000000

Gb/

s

TDM Research

WDM Research

TDM Commercial

Gap???

Will traffic >> capacity???

10Tbps

1Pbps


1

10

100

1000

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Gb/

s

Year

TDM Commercial

WDM Commercial

Total Traffic

Source: R. Tkach Alcatel-Lucent

1Tbps

Will carriers charge $/bit to slow us down?


Translucent IncSystem capacity and network traffic (Including voice)

• 2010-2030 forecast trends

10000

100000

1000000

Gb/

s

TDM Research

WDM Research

TDM Commercial

Will the price stop us from down loading data?

10Tbps

1Pbps


1

10

100

1000

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Gb/

s

Year

TDM Commercial

WDM Commercial

Total Traffic

Source: R. Tkach Alcatel-Lucent

1Tbps

The battle has just begun…$/bit


Translucent Inc

Networks must Networks must


Translucent Inc


34

address energyaddress energy

[email protected]


Translucent IncEvolve architecture quickly… (while traffic CAGR >50%)

• IP over DWDM transport:

– Eliminate unnecessary layers and minimize underutilized equipment

– Maximize architecture and equipment scalability


Source: Loukas Paraschis, Cisco, OIDA OPTOmism

Challenge: contain energy footprint


Translucent IncData transport and processing

• In 2006, servers and data centers consumed 1.5 percent of US electricity

(61 billion kWh)

• May double by 2011


Source: US EPA

Action needed to rein in data center power


Translucent IncCost for power and cooling in data

centers

• Year 2000

– Raw processing ‘horsepower’ is the primary goal, while the infrastructure to support it is assumed ready

• Year 2006

– Raw processing ‘horsepower’ is a given but the infrastructure to


given but the infrastructure to support deployment is a limited factor

• Year 2010

– Three cooling challenges

• System, rack, data center

• Year 2021

– Green designs imperative…

Source: Loukas Paraschis, Cisco, DOE, OIDA OPTOmism , IBM Research, IDC

P & C spending >> new server spending


Translucent IncBroadband technology

• Broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants, by technology

20

25

30

35

40S

ubsc

riber

s Other Fibre/LAN


0

5

10

15

20

Denmar

k

Nether

lands

Norway

Switzer

land

Icela

ndSwed

enKor

eaFinl

and

Luxe

mbo

urg

Canada

United K

ingdom

Belgium

Franc

eGer

man

y

United S

tate

sAus

tralia

Japa

nAus

tria

New Zea

land

Spain

Irelan

dIta

ly

Czech

Rep

ublic

Hungar

yPor

tuga

lGre

ece

Poland

Slovak R

epub

licTur

key

Mex

ico

Sub

scrib

ers

Fibre/LAN CableDSL

Source: OECD

What is the effect if graph is mostly red?


Translucent IncArchitecture evolution – FTTH

access


Source: Loukas Paraschis, Cisco, Lange, Deutsche Te lekom AG

Power consumption expected to rise fast…

1Gbps


Translucent IncPhotonic integrated circuits save

power

• Important roles for green photonics in reducing power consumption in

communications and computing

– Short term – further deployment and upgrading of optical communications

links with lower mW/Gb/s, also leads to reduced cooling requirements and

improved cooling capability

– Medium and Long term – new computing hardware architectures employing

optical interfaces between processing, logic, and memory will lead to higher

flops/W


flops/W

Sources: Lightwire, IBM

Tighter integration leads to lower power


Translucent IncVCSELs for low power data

communication

• VCSEL scaling projection


Sources: Dennis Deppe, Uni of Central Florida

Role in data-centers important


Translucent Inc

Latest network & Latest network &


Translucent Inc


42

component trendscomponent trends

[email protected]


Translucent IncOptical communication trends

Global sales of optical TxRxDatacom TxRx


Source: Lightcounting

Optical components: good mkt performance

Ethernet TxRx forecast

Optical TxRx used in telecom


Translucent IncComponent TxRx’s innovate…

Tunable 10Gbps WDM TxRx units FC TxRx units


FTTx TxRx units by type Optical interconnect sales

Source: Lightcounting

Component technology �� Photonic Integrated Circuits


Translucent Inc

Photonics will Photonics will


Translucent Inc


45

become integratedbecome integrated

[email protected]


Translucent IncMoore’s Law � photonics to

follow?


Sources: UCSB, OIDA Photonics Integration Forum, In tel

CMOS very successful �� can we learn?


Translucent IncPIC trends over 3 decades

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Com

pone

nt c

ount COBRA/35P

Philips

Opto+

Lucent

Nanophotonic Integration Technology

Dig

ital

InP-Membrane on Silicon (IMOS)III-V on silicon (3-5OS)


1

10

100

1000

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Com

pone

nt c

ount

Lucent

NTT

Infinera

Foundry

Focal planeFocal plane

Ana

log

GenericIntegration Technology

Source: Meint Smit, TU/e OIDA forum Oct 2008

Beginnings of photonics foundries?


Translucent Inc2005 2010 2015 2020

VendorsMajority verticallyintegratedLittle outsourcingOver supply of FabsFab under utilization

Darwinism forcing some consolidationMore movement towards common platformFewer Fabs

Foundry model taking offStronger Fab vendorsCommon platform in InPAnd silicon photonicsMajor players buy-in

Photonics Foundry roadmap

Customers

InflexibleCustomized specificationsHave lots of leverage

Flexible solutions

Strong vendors

Most vendors using foundry

Limited flexibilityWorking to std’ize specsCustomer interestCommercial fabs open

Purchasing of foundry devicesQual 1 st and 2 nd sourcesIntegral to common platform design

Value chain

�

�

�

�


Initial concepts launchedComplex issues addressedModels discussedWorkshops to explore technology

First models with committed programsA number of vendors transferring selected technologiesFirst devices being qual’d in comm’l fabsIP issues specific to fab

Foundry

First products using foundry technologiesFirst design-insMore vendors join foundry concept

LED versionsPV versions

Momentum within industry to move towards foundry model

Technologies InP Emitters (near IR)InP Detectors (near IR)Modulators

GaAs and InP devicesInP epi and photonics designs in comm’l fabs

Photonics (InP PICs) III-V/silicon fabricationMicrowave InP Photonics and Ics

OIDA (2010) Red Font: Major industry efforts are required for commercialization

Common platforms; volume; qualification

�

�

�

�


Translucent IncIntegrated photonics over 4

decades…Courtesy of R. Nagarajan & M. Smit (LEOS Newsletter, 2007)

1.S.E. Miller, 19692.I. Hayashi, 19703.J. Shibata, 19844.O. Wada, 19865.T. Koch, 19916.M. Zirngibl, 19957.C. Steenbergen, 19968.C. Herben, 19999.L. Coldren, 200210.Y. Yoshikuni, 200211.Y. Suzaki, 200212.M. Masanovic, 200313.ASIP/III-V, 200414. R. Nagarajan, 2005

100

1000


14. R. Nagarajan, 200515. R. Nagarajan, 200616. M. Kato, 200717. R. Nagarajan, 2007

Not shown (EDG-WDM):

V. Tolstikhin, 44-channel dynamic equalizer, 2002;V. Tolstikhin, 44-channel power monitor, 2003;A. Densmore, 32-channel receiver, 2005;V. Tolstikhin, 3-channel ONU triplexer, 2005

Sources: OneChip Photonics; Valery Tolstikhin

1

10

Poised for big impact in fiber comms


Translucent IncPIC technology maturity

OneChip approachPhotonic Integrated Circuit

(passive & active)

Free-Space Opticsoptics assemblies from off-the-

shelf discrete components

Planar Lightwave Circuithybrid SiO2-Si based PLC

(only passive)


• no discretes

• all functions in one part

• discrete actives and passives

• up to 20 parts to assemble• discrete actives

• up to 10 parts to assembleSources: OneChip Photonics

Trend to photonic integration…


Translucent IncConventional O/E packaging

• Wire bond, PD, laser to TO-

BOSA HousingTOSA


• Wire bond, PD, laser to TO-

can

• Align, mount, and epoxy

• Attach fiber

ROSA

Discrete components, many steps to build…

Sources: OneChip Photonics


Translucent IncAutomated PIC bonding

PIC


PIC

SiOB


One simple step…


Translucent IncPIC O/E packaging

• Simplified manufacturing

– Flip PIC to silicon wafer board

– Attach PCB and fiber into v-groove of SiOB

– Glob top


PIC

SiOB

iPCB

Automated assembly for PICs �� reduced cost



Translucent IncPICs for PON & NG-PON

BOSA TransceiverTransceiver PCB

Silicon Optical Bench (SiOB)

Microcontroller

OneOneOneOneChipChipChipChip Diplexer PIC

Sub-PCB

Transimpedanceamplifier

(TIA)

Diplexer PIC

Robotically assembled

4 Inch InP Wafer


BOSA TransceiverLaser Driver

Microcontroller

The next generation PON…



Translucent Inc

Consumer � must be green…Consumer � must be green…


Translucent Inc


55

Consumer � must be green…Consumer � must be green…

southern4life.blogspot.comWarner brothers


Translucent IncNew decade opportunities

• System integration

– Take a display and incorporate it into a ‘cool’ product

• iphone, fridge, golf cart …

• Modify for niche markets

– Medical - resolution, bit depth …

– Defense – ruggedness, portability …

– Sports – weight, form factor …

HDTV

3D?


– Sports – weight, form factor …

COLOR

B&W

Sources: Colorlink, RCA, Motorola, Sony, Philips

We see things in 3D!

System integration, niche, and 3D?


Translucent IncImpact of green display

manufacturing

ElementImprovement in Product or

ProcessImpact

Light Efficiency ImprovementBacklight efficiency, Pixel transmittance

50 % reduction in power consumption

BacklightLow Hg lamp, Fewer backlight lamps

30-50 % reduction in Hg content

Glass, printed circuit board, liquid crystal material, integrated circuits, sealing materials, etc.

Green component selectionEliminate arsenic from glass, Eliminate halogens, Eliminate brominated fire retardant

Reduce water consumption per glass area


Water consumption Low water processingReduce water consumption per glass area by 70%

Greenhouse gas Low emission processesReduce green house gas emissions per glass area by 70%

Shipping packaging material Redesign shipping packagingSave 21,000 trees, 48,000 tons water, 3,000 MWhr electricity, 2,000 ton CO2

Shipping transportationMaximize shipping contained loading

Save 6,300 ton CO2 , 13,000 MWhr electricity

Waste productionRecycle glass, Reuse solvents, Reduce sludge, Reuse sludge

80 % waste recovery rate

Source: AU Optronics

Improving processes across the board


Translucent IncDisplays going green & energy

efficient

• US TVs consumed ~70 billion kWh

– ~4% residential electricity use

• TV power consumption scales with screen size

– Projection lower power than plasma

• Laser projection TV offers major power savings

– For 60”-65” class TV

• Plasma 524W, LCD 525W, Laser


• Plasma 524W, LCD 525W, Laser projection 135W

• Sony XEL-1 OLED TV power consumption matches trend

• Mature but rapidly disappearing CRT TVs are relatively efficient

• Plasma makes comeback via 3D!– Fast response times needed

Source: NRDC

Projection and OLED TVs save power


Translucent IncOLED displays (green) have caught imagination of the public…

• OLED displays although successful in small

displays � struggling with TV/large displays…

– The performance attributes of OLED displays –

thinness, high contrast, high response speed, … allow

designers to differentiate their product


Sources: Sony, Nokia, iRiverSources: Phil Wright, OIDA

Organic LED…so we don’t use pesticide


Translucent IncProjection: new diode laser

market?

• Consumers will find new

opportunities to utilize

• Being able to enhance life at

anywhere, anytime, anyplace

Fun


Sources: OIDA, Novalux, TI

Holidays InterestsBusiness

New lifestyle using laser technology


Translucent Inc

Projection photonicsProjection photonics


Translucent Inc


61

Projection photonicsProjection photonics

[email protected]


Translucent IncChallenges for the display

industry…

• What exists � 2” display in 8oz package

• What the market desires � 20” display in

8oz package

20”


2”

20”

Sources: OIDA, TI, TNS Research in Japan, August 20 04

Projection offers one solution


Translucent IncProjection technology roadmap

2000 2004 2008 2012 2016

Traditional projection technologies

Class: mobileUse: travel in pc caseTechnology: UHP

Future projection

27 lb

>4x

(increase)400L

2 lb

1700L

>10x

(decrease)

~15L/lb

~850L/lb

Green diode laser 515nm

Pico-projector PDA w/direct LD


Future projection technologies

Class: pocketUse: wearableTechnology: LED, Laser

Weight (lb)Volume (cu-in)

Source: OIDA

30 20 10 1 0.5 0.1200 100 50 30 25 20 15

1 lb

>4x

(increase)20-50L

0.1 lb

80-200L>10x

(decrease)

~50L/lb

~800L/lb

Challenge to shrink and be brighter


Translucent IncBlue-green material progress


Source: OIDA research, Kaai, UCSB

Green laser diode �� efficient green LEDs

2010

2011


Translucent Inc

LEDs and LightingLEDs and Lighting


Translucent Inc


65

LEDs and LightingLEDs and Lighting

[email protected]


Translucent IncHBLED decade trends

• Industry nearing $20B, and lighting >$7B, in 2021

15000

20000

25000

Re

ve

nu

e (

$M

illi

on

)

Conventional

Signs/Other

Signals


0

5000

10000

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

Re

ve

nu

e (

$M

illi

on

)

Lighting

Notebooks

Handset

Handheld

Vehicular

Source: OIDA research

Driven by consumer products


Translucent IncLighting trends for LEDs

• Global revenue 2010 achieved $490M

• Highest CAGR in any category next decade (24%)

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Re

ve

nu

es

($M

illi

on

)


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Re

ve

nu

es

($M

illi

on

)


Strong growth expected �� legislation driven


Translucent IncHBLED market trends

• 3 segments (Auto, lighting, mobile) grow to 89% in 2021

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

120.0%

Pe

rce

nta

ge s

har

e (

%)

Conventional LED

Signs/Other

Signals

Lighting


0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

Pe

rce

nta

ge s

har

e (

%)

Lighting

Notebooks

Handset

Handheld

Vehicular


Photonic (SSL) lighting dominates in a decade


Translucent IncLow income: light to educate

• Electric light transforms the lives of the poor, making it possible for families to stay active - and children to study - after night falls. But

electricity is scarce in many developing countries; millions of villages are far from the grids, and power is expensive. Now the Light Up

the World Foundation has found a way to illuminate whole villages with less electricity than is used by a single 100 watt bulb.

Combining simple pedal-powered electric generators with wind turbines and with cutting edge technology from light-emitting diodes it

has won a Rolex Award for Enterprise. Already working successfully in Nepalese villages, it is set to spread around the world.


Source: Philips Lumileds, Photos Courtesy of Light Up the World and PICO Power, www.ourplant.com , OIDA

Positive impact on new technology


Translucent IncMomentum…



Questions are now being asked…


Translucent IncIn a decade…

• Combined LED/OLED will grow to ~43% of lighting market by 2021

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Pe

rce

nt

shar

e (

%)

Lighting - OLED

Lighting -LED

OLED stalling LED growing


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

Pe

rce

nt

shar

e (

%)

Lighting -LED

Incand/Other

FL


Will the G20/G8 ban Hg/Incand in 5yrs???


Translucent IncLighting: crucial to save energy

• U.S. electricity consumption could fall by 300TWh/yr by 2020

– 212Twh/yr if all sockets converted to LEDs (>2% energy

10,000 110

~3x

~1.5%/yr

US Energy

Equ

ival

ent P

rimar

yE

nerg

y C

onsu

mpt

ion

(Qua

ds/y

r)

Ele

ctric

ity C

onsu

mpt

ion

(TW

h/yr

)

Adapted from M Kendall and M Scholand,"Energy Savings Potential of SSLin General Lighting Applications"(U.S. DOE-OBT study by AD Little, 2001),and EIA Statistics.

10,000 110

~3x

~1.5%/yr

US Energy

Equ

ival

ent P

rimar

yE

nerg

y C

onsu

mpt

ion

(Qua

ds/y

r)

Ele

ctric

ity C

onsu

mpt

ion

(TW

h/yr

)

Adapted from M Kendall and M Scholand,"Energy Savings Potential of SSLin General Lighting Applications"(U.S. DOE-OBT study by AD Little, 2001),and EIA Statistics.


1980 2000 2020

1,000 11

~5x

US Energy

Equ

ival

ent P

rimar

yE

nerg

y C

onsu

mpt

ion

(Qua

ds/y

r)

US Electricity

withSSL

US LightingEle

ctric

ity C

onsu

mpt

ion

(TW

h/yr

)

Year

1980 2000 2020

1,000 11

~5x

US Energy

Equ

ival

ent P

rimar

yE

nerg

y C

onsu

mpt

ion

(Qua

ds/y

r)

US Electricity

withSSL

US LightingEle

ctric

ity C

onsu

mpt

ion

(TW

h/yr

)

Year

Source: Jeff Tsao, Sandia National Laboratories, D OE

Innovative green LED designs to save energy


Translucent IncIn a decade: LED wallpaper…

• LED lighting utilizing silver-based conductive patterns and graphite-based series resistors that are printed in a single pass in a rotogravure process (roll to roll).

• SMD LEDs can then be mounted with


mounted with conductive glue in an automated process.

• The process has been designed for flexible substrates up to 200μm gauge.

• Alcan believes the process can open up new applications for LEDs

Source: OIDA research, Alcan, Maurer ‘Rose on the w all’ , Jannon, UKDL

LED enhanced wallpaper…furniture


Translucent IncUV LED potential

• UV for purification: Hg � LED � LD

10-2

1

102

(m)

400

500

600

700780

Visible light

Red

Wavelengthin metres

Wavelengthin nanometres

OrangeYellow

Blue

Indigo

Violet

Green

Short wave radio

Television

FMRadar

Disinfection, i.e.


10-14

10-12

10-10

10-8

10-6

10-4

400380

100

200

300

400365

Ultra violet

Violet

UVA Blacklight315 - 400 nmUVB Suntan280 - 315nm

UVC Germicidal200 - 280 (315) nm

Infrared

Ultraviolet

x-rays

γ-rays

Cosmic-rays

Visible light

Invisible

Invisible

UV-Vacuum100 - 200 nm

ELECTRODE +

ELECTRODE -

UV Lampinactivation of pathogens

Applications: Municipal drinking/waste water, Commercial water, Industrial water

Source:Siemens

Reducing toxicity with semiconductors


Translucent IncLEDs: Better tools in medical

Acne Treatment System Using Blue LEDs at 415 nmSource: Omnilux Blue System from Photo Therapeutics


The neoBLUE Cozy Blue LED Phototherapy SystemSource: Natus Medical, Inc.

Blue LED Effect on Mold PropagationSource: Professor Kensho Okamoto, Kagawa University School of Engineering

LEDs Ease Pain and Promote Wound Healing in Bone Marrow TransplantsSources: NASA, QDI, Medical College of Wisconsin

GentleWaves LED Photomodulation System Therapeutic DeviceSource: Light BioScience

Smaller, cooler, and power efficient…


Translucent IncPhotonic (SSL) lighting progress


Sources: Kaai,UCSB

LED performance faster than anticipated…


Translucent IncHBLED Epitaxial wafer size

trends• By 2021, 32% of HBLEDs will be on 4inch wafers

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

120.0%

Pe

rce

nta

ge

sh

are

(%

)

8-inch

6-inch


0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

Pe

rce

nta

ge

sh

are

(%

)

4-inch

3-inch

2-inch

1-inch

Sources: OIDA Research

Manufacturing �� 200mm (as per silicon model)…


Translucent Inc

OLEDsOLEDs


Translucent Inc


78

OLEDsOLEDs

[email protected]


Translucent IncIn a decade…unique lighting

• Flexible substrates, paper for oled wallpaper…

• Fast switching…

• Maybe 3D wallpaper…


Source: tech radar; jonas samson

Display, lighting, perhaps both, perhaps more…


Translucent IncOLED market trends

• Market growth driven by displays (3D TV)

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%R

eve

nu

e ($

Mil

lion

)Other

Display Lighting

Fashion Clothing

Health/sensing

Vehicular


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

Re

ven

ue

($M

illio

n)

Vehicular

Television

Notebook

Monitor

PMP

Mobile Main

Mobile Sub

Lighting & 3D are exciting developments…



Translucent IncFashion: next wave for OLEDs

• Fashion in photonics…has the volumes


Consumer volumes, competitive pricing…

Source: Groonk.net, Nyxjacket, OIDA, PIDA, General Dynamics, eMagin, Laser Focus World


Translucent IncGlobal OLED trends �

moderated• Will large panels keep driving OLEDs into consumer markets???

20000

25000

30000

35000R

eve

nu

e ($

Mill

ion

)

Other

Display Lighting

Fashion Clothing

Health/sensing

Vehicular

Will fashion be the catalyst?


0

5000

10000

15000

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

Re

ven

ue

($M

illio

n)

Vehicular

Television

Notebook

Monitor

PMP

Mobile Main

Mobile Sub

OLED can be competitive to LCD with 3D displays

Source: OIDA Research


Translucent Inc

Sensors will be Sensors will be


Translucent Inc


83

utilized moreutilized more

[email protected]


Translucent IncOptical sensors in key green roles

Pipe Line Leakage Monitoring


Sources: Smartec, Opsens, Catch the Wind, Insensys

LIDAR for Wind Turbine Control

Fiber Optic Sensors for Oil Extraction

Fiber Optic Sensors for Wind Turbine Control

Very broad application space


Translucent Inc

Solar CellsSolar Cells


Translucent Inc


85

Solar CellsSolar Cells

[email protected]


Translucent IncIn a decade…will this look

different?

30

40

50

60

Sol

ar g

ener

atio

n (G

W)

GermanyRoEuropeJapanRoAsiaUSARoW

Global PV mkt forecast by country

China >50% market?


0

10

20

30

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Sol

ar g

ener

atio

n (G

W)

Source: OIDA, EPIA, Navigant Consulting, NREL, Euro pean Commission, IOA

China is under forecast (>8GW in 2011)…

50GW…China…Feed in Tariffs �� change…


Translucent IncThe hills are green….oops

• 11MW Serpa, Portugal

• Project led by GE

• 52,000 panels 200 watts each

• Project cost:


• Project cost: 75 million euros

• Installed in six months

• Operational since Jan 2007

Source: OIDA, EPIC, eupvplatform.org, EPIA

Will environmentalists complain…absolutely


Translucent IncWhile many drive efficiencies…

43.5

32

2222

%50

Solar Junction


Source: NREL

12

16

22

17

2020

Is higher cell efficiency our only option?


Translucent IncIndustry must keep costs down…

• CCost 43.5

32

2222

%50

41.6

Cost GaAs/Ge

Si


Source: NREL

12

16

22

17

2020

Higher efficiency �� higher cost of the cell

Si

Thin Film


Translucent IncHow GaN-on-Si can impact

solar CPV• Cell efficiency, magnification, cell cost ($/cm2)


Huge value to CPV industry

Source: Boeing Spectrolab

Huge industry impact: CPV �� Flat plate


Translucent IncIndustry must keep costs down…

• CCost 43.5

32

2222

%50

41.6

“On-silicon”Ge-on-Si


Source: NREL

12

16

22

17

2020

“On-silicon” will change the industry…


Translucent Inc

Green photonics at Green photonics at


Translucent Inc


92

translucent...translucent...

[email protected]


Translucent Inc1st exciting moment at TLI…

• Wafers currently

support industry

standard Si-CVD

techniques

CVD-Si

SSE-Si

9µm


• Up to 10 µm of

good quality CVD

silicon grown on

Translucent wafers

Natural SOI technology (but on <111> not <100>)…

1µm

10 µm silicon by ASM EpsilonCVD using TCS (<111> Si)

(Gd1-xNdx)2O3

Si


Translucent Inc2nd exciting moment at TLI…

• Using rare earth oxides to lattice match different materials…

– Lattice parameter of REOs is closely matched to twice the lattice parameter of silicon.

– This enables growth of single crystal REOs on silicon without interfacial layers.

– REOs form thermally stable


– REOs form thermally stable interfaces with silicon even at high temperatures

– Moisture absorption studies indicate that REOs in single crystal form are NOT hydroscopic.

Hitachi, J. App. Phys. 1987 Vol 61, #3, p 1030

REO as a compliant lattice match layer…


Translucent IncMechanical - lattice engineering

• Rare earth oxides provide a platform to bridge

dissimilar semiconductors

III-N

Graded REO


95

Silicon (111)

Graded REO

REO allows GaN to be grown onto silicon wafers


Translucent IncLattice parameter engineering

Nd2O3 Er2O3

Gd2O3/Si

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

13.75 13.95 14.15 14.35 14.55

Omega/2Theta

Inte

nsity

[arb

uni

ts]

Gd2O3/Si

Er2O3/Si

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

13.75 14.25 14.75

Omega/2Theta

Inte

nsity

[arb

uni

ts]

Er2O3/Si

2aSi =10.86Å

Formation of solid solutions enable flexibility in

Rocking curves show lattice parameter engineering possible in this material system. Gd2O3

Si Si


Nd2O311.08Å

Er2O310.55Å

(Gd1-xNdx)2O3

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

13.5 13.7 13.9 14.1 14.3 14.5 14.7

Omega/2Theta

Inte

nsity

[arb

uni

ts]

(Gd1-xNdx)2O3

(Gd1-xErx)2O3/Si

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

13.5 14 14.5 15

Omega/2Theta

Inte

nsity

[arb

uni

ts]

(Gd1-xErx)2O3/Si

enable flexibility in tuning the lattice parameter of the oxide to match that of silicon.

Si

this material system. Gd2O310.81Å

High quality controllable material

SiSi


Translucent IncOpportunities for “on-silicon”

• The substrates game:

– GaN: Very small diameter (research labs) GaN-on-Si

– Ge: 100mm typical for solar CPV; big lattice mismatch Ge-on-Si

– AlN : Good for mismatch. Small Ø (limited production) ???

– SiC : Best for thermal conductivity and mismatch: Small Ø, Expensive

– Sapphire: High lattice and thermal mismatch small Ø

– Silicon: High lattice and thermal mismatch


• High thermal conductivity (1.5 W/cm)

• Large Ø, Low cost, High crystal quality

• Typical costs:– SiC: 75mm � $10.9/cm2

– Sapp: 200mm � ~$4.11/cm2

– Ge 200mm � ~$ 2.74/cm2

– Si: 200mm �� $0.41/cm2

“On-silicon” is attractive for GaN and Ge at 200mm

Source: Yole


Translucent IncRare Earth Oxides drive a virtual substrate model…

silicon

Rare Earth Oxide

silicon

silicon

Rare Earth Oxide

Germanium

silicon

Rare Earth Oxide

GaN

LEDs(GaN-on-Si)

Power FET(GaN-on-Si)

Solar(GaAs &

Ge-on-Si)

silicon

Rare Earth Oxide

silicon

Rare Earth Oxide

GaN

SOI


silicon

silicon

Rare Earth Oxide

silicon silicon silicon

Strong cSOI™ platform using rare earth oxides

cSOI™ and cREO™ are registered trademarks of Translucent

silicon

98


Translucent Inc

Low cost solar triple Low cost solar triple


Translucent


99

junctions: Ge-on-Sijunctions: Ge-on-Si

[email protected] Proprietary and Confidential Informatio n


Translucent IncDense array…

• Advantages of dense array technology:

– Based on ultra-high efficiency triple junction cells

– Low upgrade cost (now ~35-40% cells)

– Low maintenance solution

– Lower PV cell operating temperature for dense

• Array technology (active vs passive cooling):

– Extends lifetime of cellX64 !!!

32TJ


Largest customer of TJ cells globally…

– Extends lifetime of cell

– Higher reliability of module

– Higher conversion efficiency

• Flexibility

– Dish CPV – first product range

– Heliostat CPV – next generation product

– Potentially lowest cost solar power technology (LCOE)

=2048 cells

100


Translucent IncTranslucent is looking at cost…

• CPV TJ solar cells run ~$20/cm2 with cREO™ on-silicon � $2/Cm2


Huge value to CPV industry

Source: Boeing Spectrolab

Can the cost of CPV approach flat plate using Si wafers?

cSOI™ and cREO™ are registered trademarks of Translucent101


Translucent IncSolar requires lower cost substrates…

• Use 200mm silicon wafer…

• Use REO to engineer low defect

Ge template

• Utilize solar device companies to

grow GaAs Triple Junction

Projected real - world efficiencies at 500 suns39% 42% 42%

Future

New 1.25 eV

production gener ation

Ge 0.7 eV

Ge 0.7 eV

In

GaAs1.4 eV

GaAs 1.4 eVNew

1.0 eVGe

0.7 eV

GaInP1.8 eV

GaInP1.8 eV

GaInP1.8 eV

4 5 6 7 891 2 3 4Energy (eV)

Projected real - world efficien cies at 500 suns39% 42% 42%

Future

New 1.25 eV

Ge 0.7 eV

Ge 0.7 eV

In

GaAs1.4 eV

GaAs 1.4 eVNew

1.0 eVGe

0.7 eV

GaInP1.8 eV

GaInP1.8 eV

GaInP1.8 eV

4 5 6 7 891 2 3 4Energy (eV) production gener ation

TJ vendors

TJ Solar Triple

Junction

TJ vendors


Translucent

The race to provide low $ substrates has begun…

Translucent

TJ vendors

Silicon (111)

Ge

Silicon (111)

Rare Earth Oxide

Ge

Junction(using MOCVD)

102


Translucent Inc

Low cost LEDs: Low cost LEDs:


Translucent


103

GaN-on-SiGaN-on-Si



Translucent IncCase for GaN-on-Si � lower cost LEDs

• Large silicon wafers have big impact for LED

costs


Source: Lattice Power, Haitz’s Law graph originally from HP

Timeline Today 2012 2015 2020

Efficacy 100 lm/W ~120 lm/W >160 lm/W 200 lm/W

Cost Base -50% -80% > -100%

Need large silicon wafers to win…104

High volume 200mm wafer fab?


Translucent IncStatus of GaN wafer size today…

• Economies of scale through increasing wafer size

• 150mm Sapphire being implemented

• 200mm GaN-on-Si in development

– Wafer removal techniques

300mm

200mm


200mm

150mm

100mm3”2”

Sapphire production New production Development Capital?

200mm in development today105


Translucent IncNew 1-step 1-wafer solution for GaN-on-

Si LEDs…

• Rare earth oxide DBR enables GaN LED on sapphire

to migrate to low cost silicon wafers using lattice

matched 1-step integrated DBR mirrors

• Mirrors needed to stop light absorbing in silicon

• “On-Silicon” is a lower cost LED solution

– Allows scaling to 200mm and 300mm wafers


GaN-on-Si using DBR wafers enables lower cost LEDs

��106


Translucent IncMulti-step approach for GaN-on-Si LED in

development today

• Thin film high powered LED by removing the

substrate

• 2 wafer approach


Source: Bridgelux

Replaced with 1-step 1-wafer solution…107


Translucent IncFirst GaN grown onto DBR mirrors using

REO

• GaN templates grown on top of Translucent’s patented rare earth

oxide, which is lattice matched to Silicon <111>

• GaN template is a superb nucleation layer for MOCVD device epi

growthGaN template

Rare Earth Oxide


High quality GaN templates on DBR mirrors

�GaNtemplate wafer by TL with Mirrored Silicon™

Silicon (111)

Gd2O3

Silicon (111)

Silicon (111)

Gd2O3

Silicon (111)

Gd2O3

DBR mirror

GaN

108


Translucent Inc

GaN-on-Si Power FET opportunity

GaN-on-Si Power FET opportunity


Translucent


109

FET opportunityFET opportunity



Translucent IncGaN power applications

GaN devices in power electronics

Power management Power switching


30V 600V 1.2kVVoltage regulator IC’s/Drivers

Discrete transistor &diode Discrete power transistor & diode/power modules IPM

Broad application space for ‘green’ power

Source: Yole110


Translucent IncIR’s competitive performance self-

assessment


GaN �� low Ron and high breakdown voltage111


Translucent IncREO impacts Power FETs

AlGaN layer

GaN layer

AlGaN layer

GaN layer

1) REO gate dielectric2) Low wafer bow

Rare Earth Oxide


REO gate dielectric�� 1-step FET

Rare Earth Oxide

Silicon (111)

GaN buffer

Silicon (111)

GaN/AlN buffer

3) Field screen oxide for sub4) Thinner buffer

Rare Earth Oxide

Rare Earth Oxide


Translucent Inc

GaN

128

nm14

6 nm

Chemically Engineered Interface

• GaN directly onto REO via interface

engineering


100 nm

Gd2O3

128

nm

5 nmSi

GaN grown directly on REO


Translucent Inc

General General


Translucent Inc


114

observationsobservations

[email protected]


Translucent IncGeneral observations

• Green photonics is here to stay and grow fast over decade

• Photonics markets are already global

• Networks must address scaling and power

• Optical components mkt growing well (tunable, 100G, size)

• Trend towards PICs (photonic integrated circuits) accelerating

• Consumer displays/projection go green (literally)


• Consumer displays/projection go green (literally)

• LED lighting takes off and reduces power

• OLEDs stall in large displays, although small doing well

• Sensors being utilized in novel ways (wind)

• Solar industry evolving � CPV set to take off

• Silicon wafers become attractive vehicle for GaN and Gematerials

Which means the conclusion might be…


Translucent IncSame 3 key takeaways

• Photonics enables many things and is part of our lifestyle

• Photonics will contain LEDs for many products and applications– Communications, PICs, lighting, solar, sensors etc


– Communications, PICs, lighting, solar, sensors etc

• Photonics is green and will enable new technologies and products that will also be green…

Thank-you


Translucent Inc

22-Jul-10, Slide prepared by David Williams

End of presentation

Michael Lebby, PhD MBA Deng CEngGeneral Manager & Chief Technology Officer

Translucent

[email protected]


22-Jul-10, Slide prepared by David WilliamsTranslucentEarth Abundant Materials Technology

Translucent Inc952 Commercial StPalo Alto, CA94303

Thank you for listening


Translucent IncEarth Abundant Materials

Technology.

Translucent Inc


118

[email protected]


Translucent IncOIDA Communications Components Roadmap

2005 2010 2015 2020

Optical Amplifiers

Dispersion Compensators

Wavelength Converters

Multiplexers

OIDA

EDFAs 40nm 80nm, 100nm

Low-cost SOAs (<$100) for 1310 /1550nm bandsLow-cost, digital & analog, for < $500

Ultra-Wideband OAs, 80 - 345nm

Dynamic dispersion compensation Integrated Compensat or

Disp. Comp. Fiber Bragg Grating devices with slope mangement

Optoelectronic (transducers) Integrated component designs Band-to-band modulesall-optical ???

Standard 80km Hop-skip 160km Double Hop-skip 320km

Silicon <40Ch InP based <40 Ch Silicon 80Ch Low cost Silicon and InP 40/80/160Ch

Simple component converters


Multiplexers

Connectors

Device Packaging &

Miniaturization

Optical Fibers

OIDA (2010)

SM/MM Fiber/Plastic BiDi Fiber Ribbon (1xN) MT Multilevel Array (NxN) MT

1310/1550 FP/DFB/EML 10Gb/s 40Gb/s DFB/EML 100Gb/s DBB/EML (with PIC)Standard Hermetic Organic quasi-hermetic Low cost environmentally stable organicTO-can/Butterfly Plastic SIP/Silicon Platform Integrated Silicon/Plastic/InPTE Cooler Micro TE Cooler Sub-micro TE coolerUncooled 1310 DFB/EML Uncooled 1550 DFB/EML Uncooled PIC/OEIC designs

1310nm optimized, dispersion-shifted Dispersion flattened & large-core for DWDM

ultra-wideband (no water band at 1385nm)

Technology & Components: Commercial Availability in Year Indicated

Active Optical Cable (AOC) $1/Gb/s AOC $0.5/Gb/s AOC

Bendable fiber

Many challenges in R&D


Translucent IncOIDA Communications Architecture Roadmap

2005 2010 2015 2020

Services

Core Network

OIDA

POTS, Data, Fax,Internet, CATV, VoIP, games, broadband

High-speed Internet (upto 50Mbps tele-working, tele-learning, tele-medicine,VoD, games, interactive entertainment,Multimedia, e-Commerce, Advanced VoIP, social networking

Next-Generation Internet(“1 Gb/s to the desktop”);Distributed Virtual Environments (joint working, learning, entertainment, health care and mobility)

Cable Modems

2.5 Gb/s

160 λ’s 320 λ’s 500 - 1000 λ’s

40 Gb/s 1Tb/s

DWDM 128 λ’s

point-to-point OADM OXC ??? & All-Optical Networks

10 Gb/s

CWDM 16 λ’s 64 λ’s 128λ’s 256λ’s

100 Gb/s 400 Gb/s

Cable Modems Cable Modems


Access Network

LANTrunk LAN

OIDA (2010)

POTS, Modem,ISDN, HFC,Cellular, Broadcast Satellite

Cable ModemsADSL/VDSL (1.5-8-52 Mb/s)

ATM/PON (155/622 Mb/s) 2.5 - 10 Gb/s & DWDMLMDS (2-155Mb/s)

Broadband Satellite: Broadband Satellite:10Mb/s DL, 1Mb/s UL; 100Mb/s DL, 10Mb/s UL;

(Note: UL: Satellite Up Link; DL = Down Link)

100 Mb/s Ethernet1Gb/s

1 GbE10 Gb/s

10 GbE 40 GbE 100GbE40Gb/s 100 Gb/s 400Gb/s?

Cable ModemsADSL/VDSL (50-250 Mb/s)

Cable ModemsADSL/VDSL (1Gb/s)

Trend to higher performance continues

(communications, lighting, solar): a new green direction

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