communicave grammar with games for the young learner · communicave grammar with games for the...

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Communica)ve Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authen/c context for presen/ng grammar to young learners! During the presenta/on, we will: examine three lively, communica)ve grammar games that help build grammar competence and speaking confidence in children explore developmentally appropriate ways to focus on grammar These grammar games can be adapted for all ages.

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Page 1: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Communica)veGrammarwithGamesfortheYoungLearner

Gamesareaperfectauthen/ccontextforpresen/nggrammartoyounglearners!

Duringthepresenta/on,wewill:•  examinethreelively,communica)vegrammargamesthathelpbuildgrammarcompetenceandspeakingconfidenceinchildren

•  exploredevelopmentallyappropriatewaystofocusongrammar

Thesegrammargamescanbeadaptedforallages.

Page 2: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

WendyCoulson

WendyhasbeenteachingEnglish,developingcurriculum,andtrainingteachersforover25years,withthelast14focusingonyounglearnersandlow-resourceclassrooms.ShelivesincentralMexicoandhasalsoworkedintheUnitedStates,Hungary,Jordan,andColombia,wheresheworkedasaU.S.DepartmentofStateEnglishLanguageFellow.

WendyhasaMaster’sinTESOLandAppliedLinguis)csfromIndianaUniversityandaMaster’sofEduca)oninBilingualEduca)onwithaconcentra)oninSpecialEduca)onfromtheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago.

Page 3: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

©2019byWendyCoulson.Communica)veGrammarwithGamesfortheYoungLearnerfortheOfficeofEnglishLanguagePrograms.ThisworkislicensedundertheCrea/veCommonsANribu/on4.0License,exceptwherenoted.Toviewacopyofthislicense,visithNp://crea/vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Communica/veGrammarwithGamesfortheYoungLearner

Page 4: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Beforewebegin,I’dliketohearfromyou!

• Whereareyoufrom?

• Whatages/gradesdoyouteach?

Page 5: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Agenda

1.  Whatisauthen)ccommunica)onforYLs?2.  WhatgrammarshouldIteach?3.  HowdoI‘teach’grammartoYLs?4.  Threecommunica)vegrammargames5.  Q&A

Page 6: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Whatarecharacteris/csofYoungLearners?Howdotheylearn?

Page 7: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Young Learners...

•  Imitate• Aimtoplease• Areenerge)c,spontaneous,andcurious• Areego-centric• Havelimiteda\en)onspans•  Lovepredictability• Havepar)alknowledgeofworldandL1•  Learnthroughsocialinterac)ons•  Seelanguageasawhole

Page 8: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Children are ‘inside’ the language.

Page 9: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Scaffolding Providingjustenoughsupportsothatstudentscancompleteataskorgoal

successfully

Examples:•  Chunks•  Choralresponse•  Gestures•  Rou)ne•  Repe))on

Page 10: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Scaffolding Examples:

WaystoScaffold ExamplesChunks Isitblue?ChoralResponse Everychildsaysthechunkorchanttogether.Gestures Usefacialexpressionsandhandmovementsto

cuepar)cipa)on.Pointtothecolorblue.Rou/ne Playgameinsameway,inthesameorder.Repe//on Childrenrepeatques)onsun)ltheyguess.

Page 11: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Whatac)vi)esdidyouenjoyasachild(ages6–10)?

Whattypesoflanguageproduc)ondidthisac)vityrequire?

Page 12: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Authen?c Communica?on for Young Learners (YLs)

Page 13: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Children learn through play.

MovementandPlayPoetry,Rhymes,SongsandStories

IntellectualAc)vi)es,ThinkingaboutLanguage

Page 14: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

1. What is authen?c communica?on for YLs?

Authen/ccommunica/onforYLsisanyac)vityand/orcontentappropriateforageandsocio-culturalexperience.

Forexample,childrenthatare7-8yearsoldtendtopaymorea\en)ontothesoundandmusicofthelanguage.

Page 15: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

2. What grammar should I teach?

Page 16: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Which grammar?

• Chooseasetofvocabularywords• Findorcreateameaningfultaskinwhichyoucanprac)cethevocabulary

• Providechunks,orfixedphrases,forthechildrentouseastheypar)cipateinthetask

• Thinkaboutwhereyouwillstartandwhereyouwanttogo

Page 17: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

3. How do you ‘teach’ grammar to children? 1.Expose:Providerichorallanguageexperiences.-Songs,poems,games,stories,rhymes,etc.2.Automa/ze:Usechunks,chants,drills,songs,rhymesandgames-Rou)neandrepe))onusinggrammarstructures3.No/ce:Havechildrenno)cepa\ernsand/orcontrasts.4.FocusonForm:Createtasksforselec)ngandprac)cing.

Cameron,2001

Page 18: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Ques?ons for You:

• Shouldweteachgrammarindirectlyordirectly?• Atwhatagedoyoustartteachinggrammar?Why?

Page 19: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Chunks or Performance Pieces = Fixed Phrases

• Chunksaregroupsofwordsthatcanbefoundtogetherinlanguage.•  Theyarethebuildingblocksoflanguageforyounglearners.•  Teacherssupport,orscaffold,ac)vepar)cipa)onthroughchunks.

Example:Isityellow?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.

Page 20: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Game 1: The Mystery Bag

Page 21: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

1.  Chooseanobjectrelatedtoyourunit.

2.  Puttheobjectinabag.

3.  Haveonechildcometothefrontwithyou.

4.  Havethechildrenask10yes/noques)onswithachunk.

Forexample:

Isitfuzzy? Does/Canitfly?

Yes,itis./No,itisn’t. Yes,itdoes./No,itdoesn’t.

5.Allowthechildrentoguessajer10ques)ons.

Game 1: The Mystery Bag Instruc?ons

Page 22: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Vocabulary to Grammar through Meaningful Tasks

• AnimalsVocabulary

• GuessingGame:TheMysteryBagMeaningfulTask

•  Isityellow?• Doesithavefourlegs?Chunks

Page 23: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Ac?vity vs. Task

A‘grammarsensi/ve’teachermust:• highlight,• bringoutand• sequencegrammartocreateatask.

Page 24: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Is this grammar?

Vocabulary GrammarChunk

Colors Isitred?

Classroomobjects Isitagreenpencil/marker/crayon?

Adjec/ves Isitasmallbluepencil?

Animals Doesithavefourlegs?Doesitliveinthedesert?Doesitfly?Doesiteatmeat?

Compara/ves Isitbiggerthanadesk?

Page 25: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Game 2: Where is the crayon?

1.  Chooseanobjecttohide.2.  Havethechildrentellyou3placestohidethecrayon.Use

thechunk:Wecanhidethecrayon(intheteacher’sbag).3.  Haveonechildleavetheroom,anotherguardthedoorand

onehidethecrayon.4.  Ajerthecrayonishidden,callthechildtotheroom.5.  Havetheclassaskhim/her:Whereisthecrayon?6.  Havethechildguesswith:Isit(behindthebooks)?

Page 26: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Grammar Chant

Nextto,UnderNextto,On

Nextto,InfrontofNextto,BehindNextto,RightNextto,LedNextto,Up

Nextto,DownJame,2001

Page 27: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Chunks: Where is the crayon? Is it in/under/behind the _______?

Page 28: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Grammar is Tied to Vocabulary

Vocabulary GrammarChunk

Preposi/ons Isthecrayoninthedrawer?

Classroomfurniture/objects Isthecrayononthebookshelf?

Descrip/veadjec/ves Isitundertheblueandwhitebasket?

Possessives IsitinIsabella’spocket?

Page 29: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Game #3: What Am I Doing?

1.  Saythegrammarchantwithmovement.2.  Selectonechildtositinthechairandonechildtoactoutamovement.3.  Theactoractsoutamovementbehindthechair.4.  Theclassasks:“Whatisshedoing?”5.  Thechildinthechairasks:“Isshestanding?”6.  Theclassresponds:“Yes,sheis.”OR“No,sheisn’t.”7.  Thechildinthechairhasthreeguesses.Ifshedoesn’tguessit,sheasks

theclass:“Whatisshedoing?”Theclassanswers:“She’sea)ng!”8.  Repeatwithnewchildren.

Page 30: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Grammar Chant:

I’mstanding,I’msiqng,I’mwri)ng,I’mkniqng.I’mreading,I’mcoun)ng,I’mswimming,I’mshou)ng.I’mea)ng,I’mdrinking,I’mtalking,I’mthinking.

I’mgiving,I’mtaking,I’msweeping,I’mbaking.I’mlaughing,I’mlooking,I’mwashing,I’mcooking.

I’mdriving,I’mrowing,I’mkneeling,I’mgrowing.

Jame,2001

Page 31: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Sample chunky dialogue A= actor(s) V= volunteer C= class

A:(Ea)ng)C:Whatisshedoing?V:Isshesiqng?C:No,sheisn’t.Whatisshedoing?V:Isshegiving?C:No,sheisn’t.Whatisshedoing?V:Isshecoun)ng?C:No,sheisn’t.V:Whatisshedoing?C:Sheisea)ng!

Page 32: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Grammar Opportuni?es Vocabulary GrammarChunk

Affirma/vestatements Iamsiqng.

Ques/ons,present AmIsiqng?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.You’restanding.

Pronouns Ishe/shesiqng?Arewesiqng?Aretheysiqng?

Furniture Isshesiqngonthe(teacher’s)chair?

WH-ques/ons WhatamIdoing?Whereisshesiqng?

Past Washesiqng?Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.

Page 33: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

A ‘grammar sensi?ve’ teacher must:

• Highlight-Isit…?• Bringout-Dailyac)vepar)cipa)on• Sequencegrammartocreateatask-Isityellow?Isitold?Isitapencil?

Page 34: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Which ac?vi?es will you use?

Game1:TheMysteryBagGame2:WhereIstheCrayon?Game3:WhatAmIDoing?

Page 35: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

References

• Cameron,Lynne.(2001).TeachingEnglishtoYoungLearners.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.

• Hunter,Robin.(2004).MadelineHunter’sMasteryTeaching:IncreasingInstruc)onalEffec)venessinElementaryandSecondarySchools.ThousandOaks:CorwinPress.

•  Jame,Christoph.(2001).Rhythms,Rhymes,GamesandSongsfortheLowerSchool.Gerlingen,Germany.:Drucktuell.

Page 36: Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner · Communicave Grammar with Games for the Young Learner Games are a perfect authenc context for presenng grammar to young learners!

Email:[email protected]

americanenglishwebinars.comamericanenglish.state.gov

facebook.com/AmericanEnglishatStatefacebook.com/AmericanEnglishforEducators

Thankyou!