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Communities and Ecosystems JEOPARDY!! . 10 Discovery of DNA. Which scientist discovered the presence of a transforming factor while working with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria?. 10. Discovery of DNA. Griffith. 20 Discovery of DNA. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Communities and EcosystemsJEOPARDY!!
Discovery of DNA DNA structure and replication
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
Mitosis Meiosis
10 10 10 10 1020 20 20 20 2030 30 30 30 3040 40 40 40 4050 50 50 50 50
10 10 Discovery of DNA
Which scientist discovered the presence of a transforming factor
while working with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria?
1010
Griffith
Discovery of DNA
2020 Discovery of DNA
Using the conclusions of Griffith’s experiment, which scientists
discovered DNA to be the hereditary material?
20 20 Discovery of DNA
Hershey and Chase
3030 Discovery of DNA
Using models and the research of various other scientists, what were Watson and Crick able to discover?
30 30 Discovery of DNA
The structure of DNA, and thus were able to hypothesize DNA
replication
30 30 Community 1Community 1
4040 Discovery of DNA
What two macromolecules were suggested to be the transforming
factor, and how were they distinguished from one another in Hershey and Chases experiment?
40 40 Discovery of DNA
*DNA- phosphorus*Protein-Sulfur
50 50 Discovery of DNA
What were the results of Griffith’s experiment?
5050
Heat-killed pathogenic (harmful) bacteria mixed with living non-pathogenic (harmless) bacteria caused the formation of living pathogenic (harmful) bacteria.
Discovery of DNA
1010
The monomers of the nucleic acids are called…
DNA structure and replication
Nucleotides
1010 DNA structure and replication
2020
Identify two differences between Identify two differences between DNA and RNA.DNA and RNA.
DNA structure and replication
*DNA –thymine, deoxribose, *DNA –thymine, deoxribose, double stranded, longerdouble stranded, longer
*RNA- uracil, ribose, single *RNA- uracil, ribose, single stranded, shorterstranded, shorter
2020 DNA structure and replication
3030
Two polynucleotide strands are held Two polynucleotide strands are held together by 1._______ bonds, and together by 1._______ bonds, and the backbone of each strand is held the backbone of each strand is held
together by a 2._______. together by a 2._______.
DNA structure and replication
1. hydogen1. hydogen2. covalent2. covalent
3030 DNA structure and replication
4040
DNA Polymerase cannot start a new DNA Polymerase cannot start a new polynucleotide chain, but can only polynucleotide chain, but can only
extend one. What is required to extend one. What is required to mark the start? *be specific*mark the start? *be specific*
DNA structure and replication
*an RNA primer laid down by *an RNA primer laid down by RNA primaseRNA primase.
4040 DNA structure and replication
5050
DNA polymerase can only make a DNA polymerase can only make a new strand in one section and why?new strand in one section and why?
DNA structure and replication
5050
5’3’; DNA polymerase can only attach to the 3’ –OH of the deoxyribose sugar at the end of the template.
DNA structure and replication
1010 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
Which enzyme unzips the DNA molecule?
Helicase
1010 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
2020
Why is DNA replication considered Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?semi-conservative?
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
One of the original strands of DNA is retained (“conserved”) in
the newly constructed strands.
2020 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
3030
What is the order of the Cell Cycle?What is the order of the Cell Cycle?
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
3030 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
G1SG2MCytokinesis
4040Johnny smokes cigarettes. The Johnny smokes cigarettes. The
DNA of Johnny’s body has DNA of Johnny’s body has become mutated due to exposure become mutated due to exposure to nicotine. He no longer contains to nicotine. He no longer contains
the correct gene instructions to the correct gene instructions to make certain surface proteins on make certain surface proteins on his cells. What could happen as a his cells. What could happen as a
result?result?
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
4040 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
The cells will not recognize one
another, will continue to divide although bumping into each other, and a tumor
can form.
5050
**What are the role of checkpoints in the cell
cycle?
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
5050 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
*help to ensure phases of the cell cycle are complete and accurate
before moving on to the next phase.
1010 Mitosis
What are the phases of mitosis?
1010 Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
2020
What kinds of cells are What kinds of cells are produced through mitosis? produced through mitosis?
BE SPECIFICBE SPECIFIC
Mitosis
2020 Mitosis
Diploid somatic cells Diploid somatic cells (non-sex cells) (non-sex cells)
3030 Mitosis
Identify the phase and briefly explain.
3030 Mitosis
Prophase; chromosomes appear, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibers form
4040 Mitosis
What are the differences What are the differences between plant and animal between plant and animal mitosis?mitosis?
4040 Mitosis
*no centrioles are used in a plant cell during mitosis (spindle fibers form spontaneously)*plant forms a cell plate, *plant forms a cell plate, instead of a cleavage instead of a cleavage furrow, during telophase furrow, during telophase leading into cytokinesisleading into cytokinesis
5050 Mitosis
A fungus has a diploid number of 30. Fungal A fungus has a diploid number of 30. Fungal haploid cells have the ability to continue haploid cells have the ability to continue through the cell cycle and perform mitosis through the cell cycle and perform mitosis (undergo all stages of the cell cycle (undergo all stages of the cell cycle including including InterphaseInterphase). ).
If this haploid cell went through mitosis, hat If this haploid cell went through mitosis, hat would the number of chromosomes be would the number of chromosomes be during prophase? What would the during prophase? What would the chromosomes look like?chromosomes look like?
5050 Mitosis
15; X shaped chromosomes
1010
My name is Bond, Ionic Bond;Taken, not shared!
MeiosisMeiosis
10 Population Growth
From: Mariano Cecowski <MCecowski#NoSpam.sif.com.ar>
Q: if both a bear in Yosemite and one in Alaska fall into the waterwhich one disolves faster?
A: The one in Alaska because it is
HIJKLMNO
10 Population Growth
Alimentary: What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr. Watson.
Urinate: What a nurse would say if a patient asked her what room he's in.
Urine - The opposite of "You're out!"Benign: What we want when we are eight.
Intestine - Currently taking an exam
CARDIOLOGY: advanced study of poker playing
TERMINAL ILLNESS: getting sick at the airport
1010 MeiosisMeiosis
What term is used to describe chromosomes that carry the same genes, just different versions of those genes?
1010 MeiosisMeiosis
Homologous chromosomes
1010 Population Growth
2020 MeiosisMeiosis
When do homologous chromosomes pair up? What happens as a results?
Prophase 1- synapsis occurs, a tetrad forms, enabling Prophase 1- synapsis occurs, a tetrad forms, enabling crossing over.crossing over.
2020 MeiosisMeiosis
3030 MeiosisMeiosis
What is required before meiosis can What is required before meiosis can occur?occur?
3030 MeiosisMeiosis
*DNA replication in a diploid cell.
3030 Population Growth
4040 MeiosisMeiosis
Identify the phase of meiosis and explain.
4040 MeiosisMeiosis
Anaphase 1; *homologous chromosomes separate into individual chromosomes (sister chromatids)*cell is now haploid
5050 MeiosisMeiosis
A cat has a diploid number of 38. A cat has a diploid number of 38.
1.1.What would the number of chromosomes be in a What would the number of chromosomes be in a cell in telophase 1 of meiosis in this cat? What cell in telophase 1 of meiosis in this cat? What would it look like?would it look like?2.2.What would the number of chromatids be in a cell What would the number of chromatids be in a cell in telophase 2 of meiosis in this cat? What would it in telophase 2 of meiosis in this cat? What would it look like?look like?
5050 MeiosisMeiosis
1. 19, X (two sister chromatids)
2. 19, | 2. 19, | (one half of a chromosomes, (one half of a chromosomes,
individual chromatid)individual chromatid)