communities change over - willis' · pdf filecommunities change over time succession: a...
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Communities Change Over Time
Succession: a process of community development that involves a changing sequence of species
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• Starts with new land.
• Species land on new material and colonize (pioneer community).
• Starts with lichens, moss, and progresses to large trees after 1,000’s of years.
Primary Succession
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1) Lichens: Can be N fixers Put Nitrate into soil for other plants to grow!
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2) Small Shrubs and mosses (little roots), provide habitat
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3) Young pine treesmore habitat
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4) Mature hardwood and deciduous forests climax community
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Secondary Succession
• Starts with already formed land.
• Species land on disturbed material.
• Disturbance usually caused by fires, storms, and man.
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Fire Succession in Chaparral
• Needed for:
– Reproduction
– Clearing out competitors
– Germination (seed sprouting)
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As Ecosystems Mature
• Increase in:1. Diversity & pop
numbers
2. System stability
3. Biomass
4. Nutrient Hold Capacity
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