community acquired mrsa ca-mrsa margaret teitelbaum school nurse/health educator westfield high...
TRANSCRIPT
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Community Acquired MRSACA-MRSA
Margaret Teitelbaum
School Nurse/Health Educator Westfield High School
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Staphylococcus Aureus
• Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria identified in the 1800’s It has always been the most serious of infections
• “Granddaddy of all Antibiotics”
• PENICILLIN was discovered in 1941 –drug of choice for Staph Infections • 1960’s Bacteria became resistant to penicillin
• Methicillin used to treat Staph infection
• 1961 Staph became resistant to methicillin and MRSA was identified in the hospital setting
• MRSA can cause serious, sometimes fatal, infections—with early detection, several antibiotics continue to be effective against MRSA
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Community Acquired MRSA
• In the 1990’s, MRSA started showing up outside the hospital setting
• In October, 2007, the American Medical Assoc. suggested that MRSA infections are more
prevalent than previously thought Student staph infections and deaths were
reported by the media
• Dr. Gerberdine head of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention told members of Congress recently, “It takes close contact. MRSA is preventable largely by common sense hygiene”.
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Risk Factors and Transmission of Community Acquired MRSA
• Community MRSA is transmitted by contaminated hands (skin to skin contact)
• Contact with contaminated objects with bodily fluids(examples sharing towels, athletic equipment)
• Open wounds, nicks to skin, turf burns put an individual at risk for infection
• Increasing numbers of cases are being identified among certain groups of people—children attending day care, athletes, military recruits, and people with weak immune systems
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Infection Control
• Encourage proper HAND WASHING- 20sec w/ soap and water
• Utilize alcohol based hand sanitizers when soap and water not available
• Cover open wounds- ex small cuts, pimples, boils
• Launder athletic uniforms and other athletic clothing in hot water and dry them in hot dryer
• Avoid sharing personal items, soap towels, razors, clothing, uniforms
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Protocol For Infection Control in the Schools
• School Nurses are carefully assessing students who sign into the nurses’ office with open wounds. If there are signs of infection including redness, swelling, warmth, tenderness, fever and/or purulent drainage
• Parents are contacted and encouraged to make a MD appointment
• Antibiotic regime may be necessary
• Medical clearance is needed from a physician to return to school—a note is required
• School Nurse will inform athletic trainer when necessary
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Protocol For Infection Control in the Schools Continued
• Aggressive plans for cleaning and sanitizing have been Implemented in the schools
• Single cases of MRSA are not reportable but if there is a cluster of two or more laboratory confirmed cases within the school, the local health department will be notified
• School Nurses in Westfield have been in communication with the health department and according to them there are no reported cases in Westfield
• At this time, there are no reported cases in the schools
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Steps Westfield Public Schools are Taking
• Educating the School Community regarding CA-MRSA
• Proper Hand Washing ”Common Sense Hygiene” Keep personal items personal.
• Encouraging communication between all students, parents and healthcare providers
• Encourage students to report suspicious skin lesions to the school nurse and keep open wounds covered
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Examples of MRSA
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BOIL
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BOIL 2
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Cellulitis
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LESION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Aniltta Alex, MSN, CNP; and Marilo Letizia, PhD, CNP “CA-MRSA: Considerations for School Nurses” The Journal of School Nursing. August 2007
• Westfield Health Department
• New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services website at www.nj.gov/health
• Center for Disease Control website www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Aresist/ca mrsa