Community-based Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Potential Medicinal Plants In Rasuwa, Nepal Himalaya

An ESON - Allachy Project (2006-2007)

Project Reference No: AA007

Final Report Prepared by

Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON)

Kathmandu, Nepal

Submitted to

Plantlife International, UK.

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Community-based Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Potential Medicinal Plants In Rasuwa, Nepal Himalaya

Project Reference No: AA007

An ESON - Allachy Project (2006-2007)

Final Report Prepared by

Ram C. Poudel and Krishna K. Shrestha

Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON)

Kathmandu, Nepal

Submitted to

Plantlife International, UK.

December, 2007

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) is thankful to Plantlife International, UK for awarding Allachy grant to conduct project on “Community based in situ conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of Nepal Himalaya”. We would like to express our appreciation and thanks to Dr. Alan Hamilton and Liz Radford for their encouragements and regular feedbacks.

In particular, we would like to thank Mr. Kaisang N. Tamang, President, Manekor Society Nepal (MSN) and Binod Poudel, President, Federation of Community Forest User Groups Nepal (FECOFUN) Rasuwa, the local collaborator of this project, for being very active and cooperative throughout the project..

From the beginning, the project was leaded by the communities of Chilime Village Development Committee (VDC) outside the National park and from Thulo syafru (Inside Langtang National Park), so achievement so far made by the project is entirely the dedication of the field staffs and the local communities. ESON is very much delighted by the overwhelming support and participation of the local Tamang people in the management of Medicinal plants inside community forests and their enthusiasm to support conservation inside the neighboring Langtang National park. The commitment and dedication of project partners and supportive District Development Committee Rasuwa and Langtang National Park is commendable for the achievements of the project. Nevertheless, the District Forest Office, Rasuwa was very cooperative to accelerate and legitimate the effort of communities’ interest in the sustainable use and management of community forest’ resources. Our special thanks are due to Ghanashyan Dhakal (Chief District Forest officer) and Prem Sapkota (Ranger) of the District Forest Office Rasuwa, and Jagannath Singh, Acting Warden of Langtang National Park.

We are indebted to the Late Dr. Damodar Prasad Parajuli, Secretary of Ministry of Forests & Soil Cnservation and Late Dr. Narayan Poudel, Director General, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation for providing permission to implement the project in Rasuwa district.

We are thankful to all the ESON executives and ordinary members for their continuous support. Dr. Narendra N. Tiwari, Ms. Sangeeta Rajbhandary and Ms. Ila Shrestha deserve special thanks for their active involvement in the conduction of training in the field sites and regular monitoring of project activities.

Thanks are also due to Apsara Chapagain, Pradeep Maharjan, Yadav Uprety and Ripu M. Kuwar for their valuable feedbacks. Similarly we are also thankful to our research assistants (M. Sc. students) Saroj Yadav and Kamal Humagain for their tireless efforts in the conduction of project activities and gathering ethnobotanical as well as ecological information of the medicinal plants. Yagya Rokya, Angchhiring Tamang, Kabita Ghale and all the Manekor team deserves special thanks for their active role in the project activities. Last but not least, support from Sailesh Ranjitkar and Urmila Limbu, the Office Secretary, is highly acknowledged.

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CONTENTS

1. Background……………………………………………………………………………………………… 1

2. Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………………2

2. 1.Short term objectives………………………………………………………………………..…... 2

2.2. Long term objectives………………………………………………………………………..…… 2

3. Project Activities and Achievement………………… ……………………………..……………….. 4

3.1. Activities 3.1. Develop project activities and initiate collaboration in local level…………... 4

3.2. Activities 3.2. Local level Community meeting and develop community based activities……………………………………………………………………………………….…… 6

3.3. Activities 3.3. Formation of MAPs monitoring team…………………………………………… 6

3.4. Activities 3.4. Conduction of Free Herbal Health camp and Awareness rising campaigns………………………………………………………………………………………..… 7

3.5. Activities. 3.5. Community Based Ethnographic Research…………………………………… 8

3.6. Activities 3.6. Institutionalize Community Based Sustainable Utilization and Conservation of MAPs…………………………………………………………………………….. 9

3.7. Activities 3.7. Support Conservation Activites Inside Langtang National Park…………….. 10

3.8. Activities 3.8. Formation of village level medicinal plants management team……………... 11

3.9. Activities 3.9. Inventory of CFs………………………………………………………………….. 11

3.10. Activities 3.10. Revise CFs Operation Plan and Develop Annual Harvesting Plan…….… 12

3.11. Activities 3.11. Develop Market Linkage of MAPs………………………………………....... 12

3.12. Activities 3.12. Support and Encourage ex situ Conservation of MAPs………….……...... 13

3.13. Activities 3.13. Develop follow-up project activities………….……….……………………… 14

4. Followup works…………………………………………… ………………………………………….… 13

5. Way forward…………………………………………………… ….…………………………………….. 13

Annex – I Project Team members

Annex – II Table 1. Activities Framework

Annex – III Table 2. Local use of Medicinal Plant in Gatlang, Chilime and Thuman Village Development Committee of Rasuwa

Annex – IV Table 3. Name and Address of the Farmers Supported for CHIRAITO ( Swertia Chirayita ) growing

Annex – V Table 4. Major Non Timber Forest Product s (NTFPs) of Rasuwa district (2006-2007)

Annex – VI Table 5. Financial report

Annex – VII Table 6. Non Timber Forest Products Inf ormation Centre in Dhunche

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LIST OF FIGURES/MAPS

Fig. 1. Map of Rasuwa

Fig. 2. Map of Chilime

Fig. 3. Project Inception meeting in Rasuwa:, the chief guest Act. Chief District Officer Mr. Bharat Luitel (3rd from right) and President ESON, Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha (4th from right)

Fig. 4 (Left), Fig. 5 (right) - Community meeting in Chilime.

Fig. 6. Community Forest User Groups of Mangtang discussing for making MAPs monitoring team

Fig. 7 Pilgrims getting free herbal health care in the camp

Fig. 8. Providing medication to the pilgrims

Fig. 9. Highly threatened plant Saussurea gossypiphora selling by hawker to offer God Shiva

Fig. 10. Pilgrims collecting plants, (1., 2. Rhododendron anthopogon, 3. Juniperus indica)

Fig. 10. Consultation with local people

Fig. 12. Community people collecting ethnobotanical knowledge

Fig. 13. Community groups involved in the Resource mapping of their CF

Fig. 14. Preparing voucher specimens of collected Medicinal Plants

Fig. 15. Community exercising for the formation of VDC level FECOFUN

Fig. 16. Community Forest representative putting his view on the need of VDC level FECOFUN

Fig. 17. Dr. Alan Hamilton and Dr. KK Shrestha discussing with Representative of Buffer zone council of LNP in Syafrubesi.

Fig. 18. CFUGs engaged in the discussions on the management of their resources

Fig. 19. Community participants in a monthly meeting

Fig. 20. Training program on inventory of MAPs

Fig. 21. Inventory team heading to the top of the hill

Fig. 22. Steeps of the Kaltache CF, rich in medicinal herbs where permanent plot were plotted

Fig. 23. Members of MAPs inventory team

Fig. 24. MAP of community forests and detailed inventory track, plots and name of the major meadows

Fig. 25. Road head trader paying to the collector

Fig. 26. Herb collectors carrying herb down to Thambuchet

Fig. 27. Spikenard drying at Thambuchet

Fig. 28. ESON supported farmer caring his Chiraito saplings

Fig. 29. Medicinal plants nursery in Tetangche village

Fig. 30. Farmer growing Chiraito in the edge/ margin of crop land. Wheat is grown in plain land

Fig. 31. Parties representative putting view on MAPs conservation in the VDC

Fig. 32. CF representative sharing her views on the effectiveness of ESON programs

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CBOs Community Based Organizations

CDO Chief District Officer

CFs Community Forests

CFUGs Community Forest User Groups

DDC District Development Committee

DFO District Forest Office

DEPROCS Development Project Service Centre Nepal

DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Reserves

ESON Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal

FECOFUN Federation of Community Forest User Groups of Nepal

HAA Himalaya Amchi Association

HH House Hold

IPAs Important Plant Areas

LNP Langtang National Park

MAPs Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

MPs Medicinal Plants

MSN Manekor Society of Nepal

NAF Nepal Agroforestry Foundation

NEHHPA Nepal Herbs and Herbal Products Association

NG Nepal Government

NGOs Non Governmental Organizations

NP National Park

NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products

TRAPP Tourism for Rural Alleviation of Poverty Program

USC Nepal Paraspar Nepal (USC Nepal)

UNDP/MEDEP United Nations Development Program/Micro-enterprise Development Program

VDC Village Development Committee

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1. Background

Rasuwa is one of the Himalayan districts in Nepal along the centre of massif Himalayan Range. This Tibetan bordered district of Nepal ranges from 900 m to 7410 m elevation from the sea level. Due to complex landscapes and steep terrains the dominant Tamang ethnic community of this district depend solely on the forest resources as subsistence-based agriculture and animal husbandry. Barley, potatoes, millet, maize are grown along the narrow terrains of the mountain slopes. Small patches of villages scattered at the base and middle of mountains peaks are at the greater risks of landslide, heavy rainfall, snow falls and leaching of the manure they applied, so the agriculture production can’t feed them more than six months in a year. To survive in the rest of the year, the Tamang communities of northern Rasuwa depend on the income from medicinal herbs of the meadows and manual labor in and outside the district.

All the seventeen Village development committees (VDCs) of Rasuwa district are very rich in the natural resources remarkably in natural forests. Of which Chilime, Gatlang and Thuman VDCs are outstanding in respect to the diversity and dominance of Himalayan medicinal herbs. More than 250 households of Dadagaun, Haku, Golgung, Gatlang, Chilime and Thuman VDCs are annually engaged in the collection of wild herbs from the nearby forest. Survey done by Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal showed that, high proportion of high altitude herbs are exported from the district to Tibet and low altitude Non-timber forest products are transported to Kathmandu valley. Occasionally the traded amount of herbs also comprise, illegally collected herbs inside the Langtang National Park too.

Medicinal herbs collected are taken to the road head traders at Thambuchet-Chilime and sold in very negligible prices. Despite the long history of collection of medicinal herbs and its good market value in district headquarter and capital city, the herb collectors’ Tamang people are always under the poverty line and seeking for the better livelihood options. Moreover, there is decreasing tendency of herbs in the lower altitudes around the village and hazardous collection is increasing annually.

Rasuwa is equally rich in cultural heritage and biodiversity. In the context of higher threats on the medicinal, sustainable use and adoption of conservation measures are an immediate need of the district, especially in the northern part of Rasuwa. Realizing this fact, Allachy grant awarded to the Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) to accomplish the activities with following objectives.

Fig. 1. Map of Rasuwa

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Fact sheet of Chilime Village Development Committee (VDC) of Rasuwa district

Area : 101 sq km.

Altitude: 2000m - 4700m Ward : 9

Vegetation: Tropical Montana-Alpine Population: 1521 (More then 98% Tamang ethnic group) House Hold (HH) : 350 and 38 HH land less House hold size: 4.68 (average HH) Male: 812 Female: 709

CFUGs: 16 Interesting site: Chilime hydroelectric project (14 MW)- Tatopani Hotspring, Chilime village-Culturally rich Tamang village; Chilime forest – Rich in Himalayan medicinal plants.

2. Objectives

2.1. Short term objectives

� Find out the priority medicinal plants of local communities and understand local conservation efforts, if any. Implement collaborative activities to encourage in situ conservation of MAPs

� To know the Medicinal plants species availability, their distribution, regeneration, local use, trade and livelihood of local people.

� Raise awareness among local communities on sustainable use and management of medicinal plants and encourage them to institutionalize their activities from a single common team (committee) for better communication, coordination and exchange of learning’s on sustainable utilization, management and growing of medicinal herbs. This committee is supposed to develop confidence and bargaining capacity of the involved community forest user groups.

� Formation of medicinal plant management and monitoring team in the village.

� Building capacity of Community Forest Groups in inventory and assessment of medicinal plants to develop habitat monitoring and annual sustainable harvesting plan.

� Develop appropriate market linkage of wild and cultivated herbs?.

� Based on the resolution of this first phase of study, develop community based Action plan for follow up project mainly in situ and ex situ conservation of medicinal plants.

2.1. Long term objectives

� Establish Medicinal Plants Information Centre in Dhunche (the district headquarter of Rasuwa)

� Building capacity of traditional healers to Institutionalize their herbal treatment practices

� Identification of Important Plant Areas (IPA) of commercially threatened medicinal plants, and study its population dynamics inside and outside the protected area.

� Institutionalize medicinal plants habitats monitoring system and developing sustainable annual yield or harvesting plan within the communities.

� Ex situ conservation of commercially potential MAPs in community forests and marginal land.

� Establish medicinal plants based small scale cooperative, and model herbal nursery plots, to uplift the economy of less privileged and disadvantaged ethnic group.

Fig. 2. Map of Chilime

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� Establish community herbal health care centre operated by local trained traditional healers in collaboration with Himalaya Aamchi Association (HAA).

� Expansion of the project in and around Langtang National Park.

3. Project Activities and Achievements

This project is entirely a community participatory action oriented program. Each project activities were conducted in close collaboration with local authorities and concerned stakeholders of the project area. Information regarding ecology and natural resource management related research works highlighting more on Ethnobotany of the Rasuwa district was extensively reviewed during literature review. Along with documentation of existing research works, the major focus was to sort out the activities conducted in the Rasuwa district especially in the management of the medicinal plant resources. Past projects and ongoing activities were taken as baseline to develop new project activities and filling the gaps in the sustainable management of MAPs through in situ conservation approach in the district.

From Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, Langtang is the nearest mountainous district bordering China. Rasuwa is easily accessible from Kathmandu but very remote regarding the availability of basic pubic services to the local people inhabiting in the scattered patches on the slopes of fragile landscapes. Many national and international non-governmental organizations are engaged to assist local people for delivering social services as well as implementing diverse kind of project activities in different sector like, natural resources, environment, health, education, etc. Unfortunately the services provided by these organizations are also biased to remote people living far from district headquarter at the base of the mountains. More than dozens of non governmental organizations and three to four international non-governmental organizations are reported to be working in this district.

For better effectiveness of the project activities, ESON selected two local organizations having tendency to work with the remote communities better relationships and sound prestige among local people. After couple of interactions Manekor Society of Nepal (MSN) based on Rasuwa, and Rasuwa unit of Federation of Community Forest User Groups Nepal (FECOFUN) were identified as potential local collaborators to execute all the project activities further. The final framework of the project activities were developed after the mutual understanding and discussions between the partners and among other concerned organizations. Annual framework of the project activities are provided in the Annex II. The accomplished project activities according to the respective objectives are as follows.

Objective 1. Find out the priority medicinal plants of local com munities and understand local conservation efforts, if any. Implement collaborati ve activities to encourage in situ conservation of MAPs

ctivities 3.1. Develop project activities and initiate collaborati on at local level: The project started its formal activities by the organization of Inception meeting in Dhunche, the District headquarter Rasuwa

district on November 9, 2006. Though the activities of the project was already started from September 2006 through local level consultations and interactions, the formal meetings with all the concerned stakeholders were to be waited until September due to the unfavorable climatic condition in the project area. One day Inception meeting on "Conservation and Sustainable

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Organizations working in Rasuwa

Action Aid

DEPROCS Nepal

FECOFUN

HAA

Manekor Society of Nepal (MSN)

NAF

NEHHPA

Paraspar Nepal

Poverty Alleviation Fund

Practical Action

Search Nepal

The Mountain Institute (TMI)

UNDP/MEDEP, TRAPP

World Education

WWF-Nepal

Fig. 3. Project Inception meeting in Rasuwa:, the chief guest Act. Chief District Officer Mr. Bharat Luitel (3rd from right) and President ESON, Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha (4th from right).

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utilization of the medicinal Plants of Rasuwa district" was conducted in the district headquarter, Rasuwa. This meeting was participated by more than 35 persons representing 20 organizations including leading government and non government organizations/institutions of the district. Mr. Bhart Luitel, Act. Chief District officer, was the Chief Guest of the program and the program was conducted under the chairmanship of Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha (President, ESON). This program was participated by the wide range of people from Village level authorities to district level including representations from local people, medicinal plant collectors, traders, growers, and the political parties. This meeting concentrate its discussion on the following issues.

1. Identification and assessment of medicinal plants

2. Ways of sustainable utilization of the medicinal plants

3. Need and importance of participatory conservation of medicinal plants.

4. Identify and minimize the challenges seen in the medicinal plant sector.

This program was very successful to get encouraging supports from district and VDC level authorities. It has been realized that medicinal plants sector is an important sector priortised by the government and non governments organizations focussed in the livelihood improvement of the people of Rasuwa especially residing in northen VDCs.

Achievement 1.1.

Organizations working in the improvement of medicinal plant sector inside Rasuwa define their role and agreed not to duplicate same work in the same locality.

Achievement 1.2.

If possible every organizations will take participatory approach taking concern of traditional healers, local traders, herbs collectors and community forest user groups, while conduction programs related with MAPs

Achievement 1.3.

For the identification and assessment of the medicinal plants of the district organizations like, ESON, District Forest Office (DFO) and USC Nepal (Paraspar Nepal) will work together, so that there will be uniformity in the survey procedures. District Forest Office will work together with ESON to update and revise the operation plans of the community forests in the project area. ESON will be cooperated by DFO and other concerned organizations in the study of population dynamics of the medicinal plants in the potential sites of the district.

Achievement 1.4.

Every medicinal plant related project will closely work with Langtang National Park (LNP) authorities, and LNP will collaborate with each projects and communities inside and outside national parks for the correct certification of the herbs regarding their origin.

Achievement 1.5.

In collaboration with all the organizations working in the district, the meeting realized the need of establishment of (medicinal) Plant information Center in the district headquarter so as to provide correct information on the medicinal herbs, endemic and threatened plants, and related activities in the district. This information center will develop demonstration plots of various medicinal plants, which is supposed to provide and disseminate both practical and theoretical knowledge among the local people of the district.

Achievement 1.6.

When formulating the annual programs, District and VDC level government authorities will take Medicinal plant as important sector and work on developing easy ways to certify the herbs from the district. Furthermore the DFO will work with the local organization in the capacity building of the local community forest user groups and help them in the in situ and ex situ conservation of medicinal plants. Each year the DFO will assist at least five local community forest user groups to revise their forest plan in close collaboration with the organizations working in that area wherever possible.

Achievement 1.7.

Each organization will give priority in the in situ and ex situ management of the highly traded plants from the district. Potential plants identified by the meeting were Aconitum spicatum (Bruhl) Stapf, Acorus calamus L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb., Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo, Delphinium himalayai Munz, Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, different species of Lichens, Nardostachys grandiflora DC., Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D.Y. Hong, Paris polyphylla Sm., Rheum australe D. Don, Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten, Taxus wallichiana Zucc., Valeriana jatamansii Jones, and Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

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ctivities 3.2. Local level Community meeting and de velop community based activities: Similar but more infomal community meeting was organized in the Chilime

VDC on November 10, 2006. This meeting was participated by all the sixteen community forest representatives of Chilime VDC. The

overwhelming number of participants, 18 male and 17 female, were actively involved in the development of one year plan under the project.

Participants made small groups and exchanged their medicinal plants management practices. They widely disscussed the challenges they are facing in the sustainable management and utilization of MAPs. Small groups did resource mapping of their respective community forest user groups. ESON team members helped in preparing of Resource mapping.

Achievement 2.1.

Representatives from each community forest user groups share the problems they face in the management of forests including medicinal plants. Through resource mapping they evaluate the availability of the medicinal plants in their area and agreed on the appropriate conservation activities needed to the respective community forests.

Achievement 2.2.

They feel the gap of communication among them and identified the need of coordination between the user groups to optimize the benefit of this project.

Achievement 2.3.

The user groups plan to do more meetings and interactions in future as well. Each group emphasized on the need of in situ conservation programs in the MAPs rich community forest and ex situ programs in the community forest having less native medicinal plants but more bare land or marginal lands.

ctivities 3.3. Formation of MAPs monitoring team: Following the commitments done by the community forests groups of Mangtang, Teganche and Tatopani villages of north Chilime in the inception meeting

(November 10, 2006) organized in Thambuchet Chilime, the local communities organized one day, village level workshop in the Mangtang Village on 2nd February 2007. This workshop was done after about three months long gap due to snow fall in the villages, but provided very good opportunities for the forest users to decide what to do next and make them prepare in advance for following years collection of herbs. The workshop was attended by more than 40 community forest users representing six community forests of Brapche, Mangtang, Tetangche, Tatopani, Gongau and Paragaun villages. The workshop was also participated by local NGOs working in different sector of social services. More than fifty percent of women

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Fig. 4 (Left), Fig. 5 (righ)t - Community meeting in Chilime.

Fig. 6. Community Forest User Groups of Mangtang discussing for making MAPs monitoring team

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participants were actively involved in the discussions. This interactive workshop focussed its discussions mainly on the role of community forest user groups, traders, ESON, MSN, FECOFUN, Village Development Committee for the sustainable utilization and conservation of Medicinal plants of Chilime.

Achievement 3.1.

Six community forest user groups, within the core areas of medicinal plants rich habitats in the northern Rasuwa, are very serious on the increasing pressure in their medicinal plants resources of the community forests. These forests are also common grazing place for the yaks and flocks of sheep owned by the people of neighboring VDCs too. So they discussed thoroughly to manage the forest resources by the mutual understandings with the concerned people. Further, they develop plan to formulate rules under the community forest management plan both for the users of own community forest (CF) and other CFs as well. Communities were trying to provide adequate information on the sustainable harvesting, value addition and maintaining the quality of the herbs.

Achievement 3.2.

In the context of comparatively good quantities of medicinal plants in the district, they realized to incorporate medicinal plants in the community forest operation plan and decided to form ‘medicinal plants management and conservation committee’ to take care of the medicinal plants of the community forests.

ctivities 3.4. Conduction of Free Herbal Health cam p and Awareness raising campaigns: Rasuwa district occupying by tall Himlayan peaks is rich in biodiversity and Tamang traditions. Annually more than 10-20,000 foreign tourists

from different parts of world visit this area and number is increasing after the restoration of peace in Nepal. Obviously, the tourists are major source of income for the people inhabiting along the treeking route but the pressure of tourists in the biodiversity is an alarming problem in Rasuwa. Langtang National Park is not only rich in biodiversity but also an unique assemblage of natural beauty. Many small glaciar lakes above 4000 m are attractive destination for the tourists. These lakes, full of crystal clear water, carry both beauty and religious value. Annually more than 50,000 Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims visit this Holly lake. This area is also regarded as the very good zone of medicinal and other alpine plants, and several species are in high threats from the pilgrims. Along the route of lake, collection of herbs during the fair time by the pilgrims is very common. Due to hazardous collection most of the herbs are hardly seen along the route. To raise awarness among the pilgrims and make the people more responsible for developing guardianship of the resources, we had organized “Free Herbal Health Care Camp and Awareness Raising Campaign” from August 25-29, 2007.

Two free herbal health camps were conducted at the height of 3500m in Cholangpati and 4400 m in Gosaikunda near the holy lake. Pilgrims having problems like altitude sickness, headache, leg pains were checked by the herbal doctors and prescribed herbal medicines. Many pilgrims were provided services like massage by herbal oil and paste. The Scouts and Red Cross volunteers were mobilized to check the health condition of the pligrims and take them in the camp if any

serious case found. About 1000 pilgrims were served during the fair. The camp was very successful in terms of getting the positive response of pilgrims and the local peoples as well. Observation during the fair revealed that people are highly concerned in the use of herbal medicines and showed their positive attitude towards the conservation of medicinal plants of Langtang National Park.

Similarly, to reduce the plucking of flowers, collection of plants by pilgrims, and to make the area clean and to provide many useful information about altitude sickness and importance of biodiversity and herbs, we had launched awareness raising campaigns in all over the route from Dhunche to Gosaikunda Lake. The pamphlets printed in the Nepali language were distributed to the pilgrims and attractive posters/banners were sticked/hangged along the route. Pamphlets

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Fig. 8. Providing medication to the pilgrims

Fig. 9. Highly threatened plant Saussurea gossypiphora selling by

hawker to offer God Shiva

Fig. 7. Pilgrims getting free herbal health care in the camp

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and posters tried to dealt in the precautions needed for altitude sickness and some preventive measures for that. Scout volunteers and the staffs of MSN were actively involved in the distribution of the pamphlates to the pilgrims. The half A4 paged pamplets printed in both side made more informative in terms of important imformation on altitude sickness, importance of medicinal herbs and biodiversity conservation of the area, existing threats on the plants of the area from the pilgrims and some important address and phone numbers at the time of emergency. The campaign was organized in close collaboration with Gosaikunda Management Committee, Nepal Army of Dhunche, Scout of Dhunche, and Nepal Red Cross Society, Dhunche.

Achievement

Pilgrims and local people were found more concerned on the conservation of medicinal plants. According to Gosaikunda Fair management committee, the health camp and awareness raising campaign had significant impact on the reduction of collection of plants in the route and increased disposal of wastes in the proper place in this year.

Objective 2. To know the Medicinal plants species availability , their distribution, regeneration, local use, trade and livelihood of local people.

ctivities. 3.5. Community Based Ethnographic Research: The key principle of ESON is to suggest and implement project activities entirely based on the ground realities and nature of the Important medicinal plant areas. Laying in the same

principle, the research team of the project coducted series of ethnobotanical and ecological studies to assess the local uses and trade value of medicinal plants, their population dynamics

and distribution pattern in the study areas. Each study was done based on widely used methodologies, the data were analysed and the result acquired was fitted to the successive activities of the project. Allmost all the studies done were very useful to shape the project activities. The field research was accomplished

by a group of botanists including the Project Coordinator Mr. Ram C. Poudel and two M.Sc students namely, Mr. Kamal Humagain and Ms. Saroj Yadav. The result was widely

discussed and circulated within the ESON expert team, the Project Team Leader Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha and MAP expert Dr. Narendra N. Tiwari. After evaulating the survey result by the expert team of Dr. Shrestha, the result was executed to feedback to the next project activities. All the surveys and studies were parallely conducted along with the implementation of the project and the result of the survey is being used by the research associates Mr. Kamal Humagain and Ms. Saroj Yadav for their partial fulfillment of Master degree course in the form of M. Sc. dissertations. So this project supported two Master

students of the Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan university and built their capacity by giving training in the field. The studies were done involving local partners and taking the active participation of the local communities. Trade data of MAPs and Ethnobotanical use of selective medicinal plants species is given in the Annex V.

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Fig. 11. Consultation with local people

Fig. 12. Community people collecting ethnobotanical knowledge

Fig. 10. Pilgrims collecting plants, (1., 2. Rhododendron anthopogon, 3. Juniperus indica)

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Fig. 13. Community groups involved in the Resource mapping of their CF

Fig. 14. Preparing voucher specimens of collected Medicinal Plants

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Achievement

Ethnobotanical studies and market surveys of the MAPs gathered enormous quantities of primary data useful for every MAPs conservation project of the Northern VDCs of Rasuwa district. Since Chilime is the major trade center of the herbs exported from Rasuwa, this data can be generalized for whole district except the illegal trade from the Langtang National Park. The data provides very clear idea for the certification of herbs that are traded from the community and national forests of the district. Furthermore, this result can be utilized to evaluate annual harvestable quantities of MAPs from the northern VDCs of Rasuwa outside the conservation area.

Objective 3. Raising awareness among local communities for the m anagement of medicinal plants, and encourage them to institutionalize their activities from a single common team (committee) for better communication, coordination and exchange of learning’s on sustainable utilization, management and growing of medicinal her bs.

ctivities 3.6. Institutionalize Community Based Sust ainable Utilization and Conservation of MAPs: Domestic use and trade of medicinal herbs is a long tradition in the Northern VDCs of Rasuwa district. Medicinal plants of the core area is not only the major source of income for the

people inhabiting near the forests but also for the people living in the southern hills of the chilime VDCs. Annually large quantities of medicinal herbs including other Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are harvested from this area. Due to the harzardous collection of the local people, herbs available in the

margin of the forests and cultivated lands such as Acorus calamus L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Paris polyphylla Sm., Satyrium nepalense D. Don, Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten and Valeriana jatamansii Jones are highly threatened and only found in the margin of well conserved community forests or private forests. Lichens are collected in tons from the forests, so these are now only availabe in the undistrubed and old forests of Abies and Quercus.

Allmost all the herbs are traded unprocessed from the district and traded in the capital city or head north to the Tibetan market. Due to the lack of knowledge on sustainable harvesting, local people collect plants harzardously and grab any thing they get ahead. In one hand such kind of practice has heavily depleted the resources and in other hand they are still not getting proper prices of their resources. Nevertheless, there is a good awareness among the communities about not to collect immature herbs and illegal harvest from other community forest areas. However, due to lack of coordination between the community forests and villagers, immature herbs not collected by the users of corrdinated CFs is either uprooted by the users of the other community forests or the community forest user themselves can’t wait until the maturing of the herbs They know any other person will definitely pick if he/she miss the opportunity. A complete gap of trust between the forest user groups was realized. Apparently such kind of nature among villagers made them difficult to get even the lowest prices of the herbs in the market.

There are many other problems beyond the scope of community forest user groups, like the right and responsibilities of villagers. Sometimes there is a need of understanding or consensus among all the VDCs people over the large watershed or grazing meadows area for which they should discuss with great harmony. In such conditions, where coordination among the local people is needed, people were limiting themselves in not getting the proper knowledge and the benefits. Workshops and meetings organized in November, 2006 and February, 2007 discussed widely the need of VDC level coordination committee representing all the sixteen community forests groups of the Chilime VDC. This committee was supposed to be a common arena for all the villagers to discuss issues on medicinal plants including other isses of social service sectors. As Federation of Community Forests User Groups Nepal (FECOFUN) is one of the colloborating partners of the project, we put forward the formation of a VDC level FECOFUN incorporating of all the sixteen community forests. It was formed on March 12th, 2007 with an extensive discussion and active participation of all the forest users including, political parties representatives, traders, government officials, etc. The chief guest of the program was VDC secretary, while the program facilitator was FECOFUN, National committee member Mr. Pitamabar Bhandari.

A

Fig. 15. Community exercising for the formation of VDC level FECOFUN

Fig. 16. Community Forest representative putting his view on the need of VDC level FECOFUN

10

Achievement 1.

There was a lack of collaboration and sharing of learning’s among the community forest user groups which would be significantly decreased after the formation of VDC level federation. Every events, information, projects and activities present and on-going in the VDC and even in the district will be made available to all the sixteen community forests, that will then later channelized to individual community forest users by the respective community forest representatives.

Achievement 2.

Apart from the decision of individual community forest to manage their forest resources, the VDC level FECOFUN will also suggest appropriate programs for the community forests having similar kinds of resource pattern and assist to raise fund from VDC, DFO, CDO and other organizations working in the development of the forest sector of the district. Any new projects willing to work with community forests will be implemented only after assessing the need of individual community forest in the federation. As possible unnecessary similar type of activities will not be allowed to duplicate. But the success stories/ learning’s of any individual community will be encouraged to replicate in every CFs.

Achievement 3.

In the context of monopoly of individual community forest and their executive bodies in the illegal felling and using the resources, any forest user can complain to the VDC level federation which is then thoroughly discussed and work together to find the solution. The solution made by the federation will then suggested to DFO for further actions. This approach will make every community forest transparent and updated their financial matter including the annual harvest plan of community forests.

Achievement 4.

Forest users are collecting al sorts of quality and grades of the herbs. There is no any uniformity in the collection of similar herbs. People are selling herbs to the traders from whom they took money in advance. So, there is not fair competition in the collection and selling of the herbs. The trade study also showed that herbs collected by the community forest users are not of same quality and they are not getting proper prices even for the best quality materials. The federation will regularly update the market price of the herbs through its central body and ESON as well, so the community forest user groups are building confidence and bargaining capacity of their herbs.

ctivities 3.7. Support Conservation Activites Inside Langtang National Park: ESON is also supporting few of the

medicinal plant conservation initiatives inside the Langtag National Park. There is a close link with the medicinal plants traded from outside national park and illegally collected herbs form the national park. Due to the lack of certification in the origin of the medicinal plants, traders have to take lots of trouble in the park checkpost. Traders sometimes buy illegally harvested herbs from the national park are and mix with the herbs collected from the community forests. Furthermore, people collecting medicinal plants since long tme were prevented to collect herbs after the formation of national park and looking for alternate ways of utilizing herbs. In this regard, series of meeting have been conducted with the national park authorities and supported the medicinal plants growers too. To address this issue,, a half day workshop was organized in Syafrubesi on May 10, 2007 with the representatives of three Bufferzone management councils of Langtang National Park. The workshop was participated by altoghether 25 participants including Plantlife International Program Manager Dr. Alan Hamilton, ESON Allachy project Team Leader Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha, Project coordinator Mr. Ram C. Poudel, MSN President, Mr. Kaisang Tamang and FECOFUN district President Mr. Binod Poudel.

Achievement

Forest users of Buffer zone management councils are seeking to have alternate options in sustainable management of medicinal plants inside National Park. People are allowed to use medicinal plants for domestic purpose, but if park allowed they are ready to take responsibilities of certain areas of National park and manage its resources assuring the in-situ conservaion of threatened species and habitats, and regeneration of medicinal plants as well. People are more likely to grow potential herbs in their marginal lands. Few of the members have already started to grow medicinal herbs in their private land.

A

Fig. 17. Dr. Alan Hamilton and Dr. KK Shrestha discussing with Representative of Buffer zone council of LNP in Syafrubesi.

11

Objective 4. Formation of medicinal plant management and monitor ing team in the village

ctivities 3.8. Formation of village level medicinal plants management team: Different meetings and workshops raise awarness among the communities and user groups are now actively involved in finding better ways of managing and utilizaing their resources. Despite the

formulation of strict rules in the medicinal plants management plan of individual community forests and involvement in the VDC level federation, CF groups came with the idea of formation of medicinal plants monitoring group among the CFs inside the MAPs core area of Chilime VDC. This monitoring team was formed within the 5 CFs of Mangtang, Tetangche, Simbu, Tatopani and Paragaun villages. The team organizes meeting in

every month and keep minuting their decisions. In the meetings they update the situation of medicinal plants in their CFs and workout for the existing problems. Moreover, the group also invite local traders in their meetings and ask them to update the latest price of the herbs, and request to vbuy medicinal plants from the village. The meeting is being handled by Ms. Kabita Ghale, ESONs’ local woman field staff of Tamang background. She regularly inform the progress of the meetings to ESON, MSN and FECOFUN.

Achievement 1.

CFUGs of the monitoring team regularly organize monthly meeting and talk about the sustainable use of the medicinal plats of their community forest. They minute every decision made and circulate it to individual community forest, ESON, MSN and FECOFUN. Collection of the herbs have been scheduled only after complete maturation of the herbs. All the community forests under the team have developed a system of providing collection permit to the collectors. If any villager collect herbs in the unscheduled time and non permitted areas, he/she will be penalized by the team. Every forest user group should collect herbs in the defined time and area. Not any villager can collect herbs from the neighboring village unless with written permission.

Achievement 2.

CFUGs are building confidence and bargaining capacity of their herbs. In the past, they had to travel 2-4 hours from the village down to the road head to sell their herbs. From the beginning of the ESON project and formation of monitoring team, the CFUGs are organized and they invite traders in their monthly meeting and present their commitment to provide quality materials according to the interest of the trader. The trader in turn has to collect herbs from the village and give appropriate price to the herbs based on the latest market value of the respective herbs.

Objective 5. Building capacity of Community Forest User Groups in inventory and assessment of medicinal plants to develop habitat monitoring and annual sustainable harvesting plan

ctivities 3.9. Inventory of CFs: Forests of Chilime VDC are mostly occupied by the sixteen community forests. Community forests are handed over to the local villagers

according to the Forest Act 1993. In the beginning, forest was handed over simply by considering the request of the local villagers. Most of the community forests resource management plans don’t represent the available resources in the community forest and sometimes even the bounderies mentioned in the operation plan doesn’t match in reality. Forest users are collecting herbs from their forest and are not aware

about the actual quantity of the herbs present in their community forest. Though they have arbitrary idea about the resources but they are now realizing the need of quantitative analysis of their resources. District Forest office has also realized the mistakes in most of the operation plans and are ready to correct these

A

A

Fig. 18. CFUGs engaged in the discussions on the management of their resources

Fig.19. Community participants in a monthly meeting

Fig. 20. Training program on inventory of MAPs

Fig. 21. Inventory team heading to the top of the hill

12

in the coming years. To make community forest users capable in the assessment of medicinal plants following simple scientific tactices we organized a half day meeting in Tatopani village on 10 May, 2007 and conducted one week (12-18 May, 2007) long field based training in the Kaltache Community Forest. In a week long duration, community were trained in the major methods of inventory, handling simple measuring tools, herbarium preparation, plant identification, and developing annual harvesting plan.

Resource mapping of Kaltache Forest focussing all the traded

medicinal plants was done with the help of local

people. Based on the map, patches of potential herbs were identified and 1 to 2 hectares sample plots were taken following the distribution range of the patches. In each big plots more than 2-3% of sampling was tried to count the herbs in the 2x2 m plots. Voucher sample of each medicinal herbs counted inside the plots were taken and prepared herbarium specimens. All the

plots are stationed based on the GPS data, so that regular monitoring is possible in future. The data generated are made available to the medicinal plants monitoring team, which is responsible to evaulate the changes.

Achievement.

Community forest users were trained to do inventory of the resources and are encouraged to make annual harvesting plan of all the traded herbs in their community forest. Annual harvesting plan of community forest is making easiness to all the concerned authorities including national park to track the origin of the herbs. Community can make their rotational harvesting system based on the annual regeneration of the herbs in the defined area. The medicinal plants monitoring team of the core area are committed to do inventory of their member CFs in close collaboration with District Forest office wherever possible.

ctivities 3.10. Revise CFs Operation Plan and Develop Annual Harvesting Plan: All the data gathered during the

inventory of the MAPs of the community forest was analysed and incorporated in the operation plan of the community forest. All the analysis was done with the regular assistence of District forest office. Mr. Ghanashyan Dhakal (District forest officer) and Ranger Mr. Prem Sapkota reviewed all the data and authorized it to incorporate under the revised ‘operation plan’. ESON team and DFO office worked more than two weeks to revise the old operation plan of Kaltache forest. The new revised operation plan of the Kaltache Community Forest was provided legitimacy by the DFO in the mid September, 2007.

Achievement

Model operation plan was developed in the district. This operation plan is supposed to be a first model document probably in the country.

Objective 6. Develop appropriate market linkage of wild and cultivated herbs

ctivities 3.11. Develop Market Linkage of MAPs: Trade of medicinal plants is one of the important component of trade items in Rasuwa district. People are collecting herbs since many years

A

A

Fig. 24. MAP of community forests and detailed inventory track, plots and name of the major meadows

Fig. 22. Steeps of the Kaltache CF, rich in medicinal herbs where permanent plot were plotted

Fig. 23.Members of MAPs inventory team

Fig. 25. Road head trader paying to the collector

13

but the quality of the trade is similar as in the past. People collect herbs in what ever quantities they get at the time and sell it to the road head trader in Thambuchet. The economic status of most of the herbs collector is below the poverty line, so nomally they took money in advance from the trader and pay back in the equivalent value of the herbs they sold to the traders. So, the collectors are forced to sell their herb to the same trader from whom they took the money in advance. They easily accept the price value of the herb told by the trader. Collectors hardly bargain for the value of their herbs because they are less aware or mostly unaware about the latest price. Price of the herb entirely depend on the wisdom of the trader. During the time of survey, the collectors were found less concern about the quality of the herbs and took herbs to the trader without grading. So

they got same price for all the herbs sold at a time. In this context, this program had tried to highlight the importance of quality of herb and its value in the market. The CFs herb monitoring team and VDC level federation was very effective to train the communities and pass on the information of value addition to harvesters. Further roadhead traders were also trained to grade the herbs and maintain the quality. To assure the better price herb exporters and retailers were consulted in Kathmandu and developed link with the road head traders of Thambuchet. ESON team has worked as the facilitator by contacting the number of herb exporters in Kathmandu valley and even with the traders of Nepalgunj. From the series of talks, common understanding was made with herb exporters/ retailers of Kathmandu and road head trader of Thambuchet. Farmers having enough herbs can directly come with the traders and sell their MAPs of defined quality mentioned by the trader, and the trader is responsible for paying latest market price of the herbs. This market linkage encouraged many farmers, collectors of the district including road head traders. This market linkage force to provide latest herb price to the collectors by the road head traders at Thambuchet.

Achievement

The communities are now well aware on the quality of the herbs and latest herb prices n the markets. Both the traders and the collectors are trying to initiate fair trade of medicinal plants.

ctivities 3.12. Support and Encourage ex situ Conservation of MAPs: Along with the endorsement and promotion of in situ conservation, this project also help community forest user groups in the in situ

conservation of potential medicinal plants inside the community forests, in private land and marginal lands inside the national park. ESON provided seeds of ‘Chiraito’ (Swertia chirayita) to the farmers of Brapche, Simbu, Mangtang, Tetanche, Tatopani and Gongang

villages. Obviously, the villagers have very limited land to grow their main staple food, and optimum use of available land is crucial for the people to feed their family. Many farmers are now attracted to grow medicinal herbs like Chiraita, Valerian, Asparagus, etc. In the context of limited land and production, people can’t do trial farming of medicinal plants, so

‘Chiraito’ farming in the edge of land was suggested by the project. This practice already got great success in the eastern parts of Nepal and few farmers in Rasuwa have demonstrated its greater significances too. The farmers were well demonstrated and trained, and also regularly monitored from field preparation to sowing of the seeds. They were guided in every activity and prepared in the next procedure. This approach really got success and widely appreciated by the farmers. We have also tried to support some of the medicinal plants nurseries in the village. These nurseries are very good source of locally adapted medicinal herb seeds/seedlings and technically sound

A

Fig. 29. Medicinal plants nursery in Tetangche village

Fig. 28. ESON supported farmer caring his Chiraito saplings

Fig. 26. Herb collectors carrying herb down to Thambuchet

Fig. 27. Spikenard drying at Thambuchet

Fig. 30. Farmer growing Chiraito in the edge/ margin of crop land. Wheat is grown in plain land

14

manpower in growing of herbs. Establishment of medicinal plant nurseries is not new in Rasuwa. District forest office Rasuwa and different projects involved in the afforestation programs and conservation of medicinal plants are most likely to encourage and support local communities in the establishment of nursery to grow fast growing timber and fodder plants including medicinal plants seedlings. Learning from different projects in Nepal showed that seeds and seedlings grown in villages are more adaptive in the local climate and environment of nearby areas. Farmers also got success in getting high yield as well as problems from pests and diseases. Further nurseries in local level are very productive and successful to raise awareness among villagers and encourage them in the in situ as well ex situ conservation of locally threatened plants. The care takers of private nursery and the community forest user groups having their own nursery are knowledgeable on the pre and post germination, regeneration and handling the local pest/disease problems on the targeted plants. These locally available manpower are easy to trained further and can mobilize in the area to extend ex situ programs. Communities are also better convinced in the conservation activities suggested by the local persons in their own language with the live demonstrations. ESON_Allachy project took seeds from the nurseries and supplied to the local farmers. Quantities of seeds and estimated amount of respected farmers’ income are provided in the Annex IV.

Achievement

Community forest users are very excited in growing medicinal plants, resulting minimize pressure on the wild species of herbs. Some of the farmers are really doing well, whose learning can be replicated very easily in the neighboring villages. As a result, from the limited land, people are getting extra income for their household expenses.

Objective 7. Based on the resolution of the first phase of stud y, develop community based Action plan for follow-up project, mainly the in situ and ex situ conservation of MAPs.

ctivities 3.13. Develop follow-up project activitie s: The project wrap up meeting was organized at Thambuchet on 6th September 2007. More than thirty five participants of all the sixteen community forests, representatives from medicinal plants monitoring team, political parties,

traders, herb growers were actively involved in the meeting. This program, organized by FECOFUN Chilime, was conducted by ESON_Allachy project coordinator Ram C. Poudel. All the community represntatives presented their views in the workshops, training and meetings of ESON_Allachy programs. Everybody showed their keen interest towards:

a. extension of the project and suggested the neccessity of similar types of few more training and workshops in some more VDCs.

b. The CFUGs are interested to form more medicinal plants monitoring team in other CFs too, do complete inventory of the MAPs of each CFs and develop annual sustainable harvestable plan.

c. They are also willing to initiate local level herb processing unit in the village, and revise the operation and management plans of all the CFUGs

d. Increase medicinal plants domestication in every villages including marginal lands of community forests and making VDC level FECOFUN more collaborative, effective and transparent.

e. Furthermore, they found imperative to establish medicinal plants nurseries at least one between two villages and develop certification system for every quantities of herbs exported from the village.

Achievement

Community forest users are organized in ESON project area and have good vision on how to conduct both in situ and ex situ conservation programs in the village. They are very active and dedicated in the sustainable use and conservation of the resources available with them. A culture of collaboration has been developed among the communities.

A

31. Parties representative putting view on MAPs conservation in the VDC

Fig. 32. CF representative sharing her views on the effectiveness of ESON programs

15

4. Follow-up Works

1. Establishment and strengthening of Plant Information Centre in Dhunche (Annex VII).

2. Identification of Important Plant Areas (IPA) of commercially threatened medicinal plants, and study its population dynamics establishing long-term research plots inside the protected area and the buffer zone.

3. In-situ conservation of threatened flowering plants, with emphasis on medicinal plants and endemic plants, in the threatened habitats within the core area of the Langtang National Park and the Buffer zones.

4. Encourage local communities, especially the farmers, extremely poor and marginalized people of Rasuwa in the domestication of high value commercially potential medicinal plants in the community forests and marginalized/waste lands.

5. Continuation of organizing further trainings and workshops to raise public awareness in the identification, documentation, assessment, monitoring and conservation of the threatened plants and habitats.

5. Way forward

This project launched by ESON is funded by Plantlife International for one year (September 2006 to August 2006). The collaborative work initiated by ESON and deep rooted two local organizations got great success to motivate the communities in initiating sustainable management and conservation of the medicinal plants of northern Rasuwa. Despite busy schedule of seasonal farming and limited working days (due to long persistent snow in winter and continuous rain in summer), local people actively involved in the series of interactions, meetings and trainings organized by the project and medicinal plants group formed by them. Various programs implemented by the project are appreciated widely by District level government and non government organizations and indeed by the overwhelming participation of local communities. In this regard, the achievements of the project, such as formation of VDC level FECOFUN, medicinal plants monitoring team of six CFs in Tetangche and Tatopani area, formation of model operation plan of Kaltache CF (probably with new concept in Nepal), supporting ex situ conservation and increasing attention of local people in the guardianship of their forest resources etc. are evaluated very positively by District Forest office, Rasuwa, Langtang National Park (LNP), District level FECOFUN, political parties and communities themselves.

To maximize the effectiveness of conservation measures, local communities of Chilime are very keen to continue the project activities in the VDC as well as extend this project in neighboring community forest areas of Gatlang and Thuman village development committees, as well as Langtang VDC in phase wise manner.

As there is a higher possibilities of medicinal plants collection in northern Chilime by the neighboring VDCs Gatlang and Thuman, the project evaluation meeting organized by FECOFUN Chilime and MSN in Thambuchet (6 September 07) was significant. It emphasized the need of formation of Gatlang and Thuman FECOFUN, initiate medicinal monitoring group in those VDCs and collaborate with the VDC level FECOFUN and respective village level monitoring groups between the VDCs. The invited CFs representatives of Gatlang and Thuman too showed their strong interest in the formation of VDC level FECOFUN and collaboration with the Chilime FECOFUN and medicinal plants monitoring team depending upon the easiness for local villagers.

All three VDCs Chilime, Gatlang and Thuman requested the ESON_Allachy Project to extend the project duration and conduct same type of activities like capacity building of the local communities in the sustainable harvesting and management of medicinal plants in the CFs. Similarly, trainings on the MAPs inventory and nursery managements, support in certifying medicinal herbs from CFs and national park, and develop more linkages with the traders and exporters of Kathmandu and Indian border, etc. hve been appreciated. Furthermore, District forest office, Rasuwa is very concerned in the conservation activities conducted by ESON_Allachy project. Evaluating the progress on conservation and local peoples’ participation in the management of community forest resources, DFO also wanted to continue this project. DFO and Langtang National Park Authority is particularly interested to collaborate with ESON and its local partners in the certification of medicinal plants through detailed inventory done as in Kaltache Community Forest, development of annual sustainable harvesting plan and encourage communities to grow highly threatened medicinal plants in their CFs.

16

Annex – I

Project Team members

Top Row From Left to Right – Mr. Ram C. Poudel (Project coordinator), Ms. Sangeeta Rajbhandary (Treasurer ESON), Mr. Kaisang Tamang – Local collaborator (President MSN), Prof. Krishna K. Shrestha – Project leader (President ESON), Dr. Narendra N. Tiwari (Vice-President-ESON), Ms. Ila Shrestha (Joint Secretary ESON) Bottom Row From Left to Right – Mr. Binod Poudel – Local collaborator (President FECOFUN-Rasuwa), Mr. Kamal Humagain (Research Assistant), Ms.Saroj Yadav (Research Assistant), Mr. Yagya Rokaya (Field Assistant – MSN)

17

Ann

ex –

II

Tab

le 1

. Act

ivit

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Fra

mew

ork

SN

A

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ities

P

artic

i-pa

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Tar

gete

d gr

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sel

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pos

t

Thi

s in

cept

ion

mee

ting

will

ret

riev

e th

e co

mm

uniti

es

inte

rest

on

MP

s an

d al

so g

athe

r ex

istin

g co

nser

vatio

n ac

tiviti

es,

→ R

esou

rce

map

ping

of

sele

cted

Com

mun

ity f

ores

ts

→

Und

erst

and

com

mun

ity's

in

tere

st r

egar

ding

med

icin

al

plan

t man

agem

ent i

nsid

e C

F

→ F

urth

er fi

naliz

ing

the

proj

ect

activ

ities

→ T

his

mee

ting

w

ill k

now

in

tere

st o

f co

mm

unity

and

th

eir

prio

rity

med

icin

al p

lant

s

→ P

rovi

de

actu

al

info

rmat

ion

on

trad

e of

MP

s in

th

e ar

ea a

s w

ell

as d

omes

tic u

se

of M

Ps

8 F

ield

ass

ista

nt

recr

uitm

ent

1 Lo

cal p

eopl

e 10

m

onth

s

from

15

Nov

embe

r,

2006

C

hilim

e

Rec

ruitm

ent o

f fie

ld s

taff

bas

ed

on C

hilim

e by

Man

ekor

Fem

ale

Tam

ang

cand

idat

e ha

ving

se

cond

ary

leve

l ed

ucat

ion

for

ten

mon

ths

9 M

arke

t lin

kage

de

velo

pmen

t

Tra

ders

, DF

O, M

AP

fa

rmer

s, c

omm

unity

fo

rest

use

r gr

oups

Who

le p

roje

ct

peri

od

Ras

uwa

Dev

elop

men

t of

su

stai

nabl

e M

arke

t ch

anne

l of

MA

Ps

S

usta

inab

le m

arke

t lin

kage

,

10

Fie

ld v

isit

6

ES

ON

team

(3)

F

ield

ass

ista

nt (

1)

FE

CO

FU

N (

1)

Man

ekor

(1)

Com

mun

ity

repr

esen

tativ

es

7 da

ys

11

Nov

embe

r,

2006

Chi

lime,

at t

he

wor

king

site

, in

each

CF

s, a

nd

Use

rs v

illag

e

Thi

s co

mm

unity

pa

rtic

ipat

ory

field

vi

sit

will

gat

her

all

the

field

info

rmat

ion

of in

divi

dual

C

FU

Gs

as w

ell a

s M

Ps

rela

ted

activ

ities

in a

nd o

ut

of th

e C

hilim

e V

DC

→ C

ross

ver

ifica

tion

of d

ata

gath

ered

dur

ing

reso

urce

m

appi

ng

→

Rep

ort o

n fie

ld v

isits

→ F

ield

vis

it is

m

ainl

y co

ncen

trat

ed to

ve

rify

the

info

rmat

ion

gath

ered

in

proj

ect i

ncep

tion

mee

ting →

V

erifi

catio

n an

d cr

oss

chec

king

of

Res

ourc

e m

appi

ng

11

Aw

aren

ess

risin

g pr

ogra

m/tr

aini

ng

15-3

0

ES

ON

team

(1

or 2

)

F

ield

ass

ista

nt (

1)

FE

CO

FU

N (

1)

Man

ekor

(1)

C

FU

Gs

(20-

25)

1 da

y D

ecem

ber

2006

(13

-15,

M

angs

ir)

Chi

lime/

Lan

gtan

g N

atio

nal p

ark

Thi

s pr

ogra

m w

ill

mak

e co

mm

uniti

es

mor

e in

tere

sted

an

d ac

tive

in o

ur

prog

ram

esp

ecia

lly

to f

orm

MP

s m

anag

emen

t cor

e te

am

→ S

hort

inte

ract

ion

prog

ram

in

Man

gtan

g

→ F

orm

atio

n of

Med

icin

al

Pla

nts

Cor

e T

eam

from

the

area

→

Act

ive

invo

lvem

ent

of M

SN

&

FE

CO

FU

N to

for

m th

e co

re

team

and

mob

iliza

tion

of it

s st

affs

to m

onito

r, s

tren

gthe

n co

re te

ams

a

→ T

he p

rogr

am

will

mai

nly

focu

s on

cre

atin

g aw

aren

ess

in

com

mun

ity

rega

rdin

g M

P

cons

erva

tion,

su

stai

nabl

e ut

iliza

tion.

→ T

wo

19

SN

A

ctiv

ities

P

artic

i-pa

nts

Tar

gete

d gr

oup

Uni

t D

ate

Ven

ue

Ass

umpt

ions

In

dica

tors

R

emar

ks

prog

ram

s ea

ch

in C

hilim

e an

d N

atio

nal p

ark

area

will

be

cond

ucte

d bu

t th

e na

ture

will

be

com

plet

ely

diff

eren

t.

12

Aw

aren

ess

risin

g pr

ogra

m/tr

aini

ng

15-3

0

ES

ON

team

(1

or 3

)

F

ield

ass

ista

nt (

1)

FE

CO

FU

N (

1)

Man

ekor

(1)

C

FU

Gs

(20-

25)

1 da

y F

eb/M

arch

, 20

07 (

23,

Pha

lgun

)

Chi

lime/

Lan

gtan

g N

atio

nal p

ark

→ T

his

prog

ram

will

m

ake

com

mun

ities

m

ore

inte

rest

ed

and

activ

e in

our

pr

ogra

m e

spec

ially

to

for

m M

Ps

man

agem

ent c

ore

team

→

Peo

ple

will

kn

owle

dgea

ble

on

reso

urce

ow

ners

hip

and

guar

dian

ship

→ S

hort

inte

ract

ion

prog

ram

ag

ain

in M

angt

ang

or in

T

atop

ani a

rea

base

d on

the

achi

evem

ent o

f firs

t aw

aren

ess

risin

g ac

tiviti

es in

Man

gtan

g

→

For

mat

ion

of M

edic

inal

P

lant

s C

ore

Tea

m fr

om th

e ar

ea

Act

ive

invo

lvem

ent

of

MS

N &

FE

CO

FU

N

→ T

his

prog

ram

w

ill b

e de

sign

ed

by F

EC

OF

UN

→

The

pro

gram

w

ill fo

cus

on

reso

urce

ow

ners

hip

and

guar

dian

ship

am

ong

com

mun

ities

.

→ T

wo

prog

ram

s ea

ch

in C

hilim

e an

d N

atio

nal p

ark

area

will

be

cond

ucte

d bu

t th

e na

ture

will

be

com

plet

ely

diff

eren

t.

13

Est

ablis

h In

form

atio

n ce

ntre

CF

UG

s,

Gov

ernm

ent

offic

ials

, S

chol

ars,

R

esea

rche

rs,

Pilg

rims,

Tou

rists

, H

erba

l sta

keho

lder

s

Est

ablis

h in

M

arch

and

fo

rmal

ly o

pen

in M

ay 4

?

Dhu

nche

Info

rmat

ion

Cen

tre

will

be

esta

blis

hed

in D

hunc

he in

co

ordi

natio

n w

ith

Dis

tric

t lev

el

gove

rnm

ent

offic

ials

(D

DC

, LD

O, D

FO

, LN

P)

etc

and

othe

r co

ncer

ned

stak

ehol

ders

Info

rmat

ion

Cen

ter

in D

hunc

he

In th

e pr

oces

s of

es

tabl

ishm

ent

20

SN

A

ctiv

ities

P

artic

i-pa

nts

Tar

gete

d gr

oup

Uni

t D

ate

Ven

ue

Ass

umpt

ions

In

dica

tors

R

emar

ks

14

Sup

port

ex

situ

act

iviti

es

(sup

ply

Chi

raito

see

ds)

Com

mun

ity f

ores

ts

of T

etan

gche

, T

atop

ani,

Gon

ggau

n, S

imbu

, B

rapc

he, M

angt

ang

Vill

age

M

ay, 2

007

-

Com

mun

ity p

eopl

e w

ill g

row

‘Chi

raito

’ in

thei

r m

argi

nal

land

s, c

omm

unity

fo

rest

s an

d m

argi

ns

of a

gric

ultu

re la

nds

Num

ber

of c

omm

unity

for

est

user

s in

volv

ed in

gro

win

g M

AP

s

Loca

lly g

row

n C

hira

ito s

eeds

w

ill b

e di

strib

uted

15

Fie

ld b

ased

Res

ourc

e In

vent

ory/

trai

ning

15

of

one

CF

+15=

30

ES

ON

team

(7)

F

ield

ass

ista

nt (

1)

FE

CO

FU

N (

1)

Man

ekor

(1)

15 p

eopl

e fr

om e

ach

CF

12 d

ays

May

, 15,

20

07 (

Firs

t of

Je

stha

)

Man

gtan

g &

T

etan

che

com

mun

ity f

ores

ts

Thi

s ac

tivity

will

as

sess

com

plet

e fig

ure

of M

Ps

avai

labl

e in

side

ea

ch p

ocke

t CF

s

Det

aile

d in

form

atio

n on

M

edic

inal

pla

nts

of th

e in

vent

orie

d C

Fs

Thi

s 12

day

s pr

ogra

m w

ill b

e co

nduc

ted

in

two

CF

s (M

angt

ang

and

Tet

anch

e) t

akin

g 5

peo

ple

from

ea

ch C

F.

- P

urel

y re

sear

ch ty

pe

activ

ity w

ill b

e co

nduc

ted

in

Lang

tang

N

atio

nal P

ark.

16

Dev

elop

men

t of

op

erat

ion

plan

of 5

co

mm

uniti

es

-

ES

ON

team

F

ield

ass

ista

nt

FE

CO

FU

N

Man

ekor

5 pe

ople

from

eac

h C

F

DF

O

Ran

ger

1 m

onth

M

ay/J

une,

20

07 (

Je

stha

/Asa

r)

Chi

lime/

Dhu

nche

Thi

s pr

ogra

m w

ill

mak

e de

tail

Ope

ratio

n pl

an o

f at

le

ast

five

com

mun

ity f

ores

t us

er g

roup

s

Upd

ated

/new

Ope

ratio

n P

lan

of

activ

e/po

tent

ial C

F

Thi

s fu

nd w

ill b

e pr

ovid

ed o

nly

for

thos

e co

mm

unity

fo

rest

peo

ple

who

act

ivel

y in

volv

e in

the

MP

cor

e te

am

and

cont

ribut

e in

m

akin

g op

erat

ion

plan

.

17

Mee

ting

with

Buf

ferz

one

com

mitt

ees

of L

angt

ang

Nat

iona

l Par

k

MS

N a

nd

Buf

ferz

one

coun

cils

H

alf d

ay

May

S

yafr

ubes

i

Thi

s m

eetin

g w

ill

asse

ss th

e on

goin

g co

nser

vatio

n ac

tiviti

es d

one

by

the

com

mitt

ees

insi

de n

atio

nal

park

s

To

know

the

inte

rest

of

com

mitt

ees

in b

oth

is s

itu a

nd e

x si

tu

cons

erva

tion

of

MA

PS

- F

ew in

tere

sted

far

mer

s ca

me

up w

ith p

ropo

sals

in g

row

ing

herb

s

- R

eady

to w

ork

in a

team

21

SN

A

ctiv

ities

P

artic

i-pa

nts

Tar

gete

d gr

oup

Uni

t D

ate

Ven

ue

Ass

umpt

ions

In

dica

tors

R

emar

ks

18

MP

s S

usta

inab

le

harv

estin

g, v

alue

ad

ditio

n tr

aini

ng,

110

HH

ES

ON

team

(7)

F

ield

ass

ista

nt (

1)

FE

CO

FU

N (

1)

Man

ekor

(1)

HH

rep

rese

ntat

ive

from

110

HH

, CF

UG

us

ers

3 M

ay/J

une

2007

(B

hadr

a)

Chi

lime,

In e

ach

com

mun

ity

fore

sts/

villa

ge

Thi

s fie

ld b

ased

tr

aini

ng c

um

orie

ntat

ion

clas

s w

ill m

ake

loca

l pe

ople

ed

ucat

e/aw

are

on

sust

aina

ble

harv

estin

g an

d va

lue

addi

tion

on

the

med

icin

al p

lant

s

→ C

omm

unity

invo

lvem

ent i

n th

e tr

aini

ng

→ C

omm

unity

inte

rest

in th

e us

e of

sus

tain

able

har

vest

ing

tool

s an

d te

chni

ques

→ P

rogr

am

mat

eria

ls a

lso

incl

udes

ha

rves

ting

tool

s.

A c

ompl

ete

set

of to

ols

will

be

dona

ted

to a

ll fiv

e C

FU

Gs

afte

r or

ient

atio

n tr

aini

ng

19

Pro

gram

ev

alua

tion/

Mon

itorin

g 4

ES

ON

team

(1)

FE

CO

FU

N (

1)

Man

ekor

(1)

4

July

, 200

7 C

hilim

e

Eva

luat

e an

d m

onito

r pr

ogra

m

achi

evem

ents

and

ac

tiviti

es.

Eva

luat

ion

repo

rt

20

Com

mun

ities

fee

dbac

k co

llect

ion

mee

ting

60

ES

ON

team

(4)

F

ield

ass

ista

nt (

1)

FE

CO

FU

N (

1)

Man

ekor

(1)

CF

UG

s re

pres

enta

tive

T

rade

rs

Civ

il so

ciet

y

M

othe

r gr

oups

C

lubs

1 Ju

ly, 2

007

Chi

lime/

Lan

gtan

g N

atio

nal

Par

k

Dev

elop

follo

w u

p pr

ojec

t act

iviti

es

base

d on

the

com

mun

ities

in

tere

st a

nd

lear

ning

from

the

proj

ect.

Fee

dbac

ks fr

om c

omm

unity

for

follo

w u

p pr

ojec

t

→ T

his

one

day

feed

back

co

llect

ion

mee

ting

will

en

tirel

y co

mm

unity

pa

rtic

ipat

ory.

→ T

his

prog

ram

w

ill a

lso

be

cond

ucte

d in

La

ngta

ng N

P.

21

Fre

e he

rbal

hea

lth c

are

cam

p

P

ilgrim

s an

d to

uris

t

Aug

ust 2

5-29

La

ngta

ng N

atio

nal

Par

k A

rea

Ris

e aw

aren

ess

amon

g pi

lgrim

s an

d lo

cal c

omm

uniti

es

in th

e im

port

ance

of

herb

s in

side

the

Nat

iona

l par

k

- D

ecre

ase

in th

e ha

zard

ous

colle

ctio

n of

MA

Ps

on th

e w

ay

to G

osai

kund

a la

ke a

nd it

s su

rrou

ndin

g.

Will

be

cond

ucte

d in

co

llabo

ratio

n w

ith F

EC

OF

UN

, M

SN

, Nat

iona

l P

ark,

Nep

al

Sco

uts,

Nep

al

Arm

y,

Goa

siku

nda

deve

lopm

ent

Com

mitt

ee

22

SN

A

ctiv

ities

P

artic

i-pa

nts

Tar

gete

d gr

oup

Uni

t D

ate

Ven

ue

Ass

umpt

ions

In

dica

tors

R

emar

ks

22

Gos

ikun

da tr

ail C

lean

ing

cam

paig

ns

P

ilgrim

s, lo

cal

peop

le

A

ugus

t La

ngta

ng N

atio

nal

Par

k ar

ea

Incr

ease

d du

mpi

ng

of w

aste

in th

e al

loca

ted

plac

e al

ong

the

Gos

aiku

nda

trai

l an

d ar

ound

the

lake

R

ise

awar

ness

in

the

impo

rtan

ce

biod

iver

sity

of

natio

nal p

ark

- V

ery

satis

fact

ory

supp

ort f

rom

th

e pi

lgrim

s

23

Dis

tric

t lev

el f

eedb

ack

colle

ctio

n w

orks

hop/

Inte

ract

ion

40

ES

ON

- T

eam

(8)

F

EC

OF

UN

(1)

M

anek

or (

3)

CF

UG

s (5

)

Pol

tical

par

titie

s (8

)

One

R

epre

sent

ativ

es o

f C

DO

, LD

O,

DF

O/R

ange

r,

War

den/

Ran

ger,

D

SP

, Maj

or o

f the

A

rmy,

US

C/N

epal

, N

AF

, Sea

rch

Nep

al,

1 da

y A

ugus

t, 20

07

Dhu

nche

DD

C H

all

→ T

his

full

day

w

orks

hop

will

di

ssem

inat

e/sh

are

proj

ect

achi

evem

ents

, le

arni

ng's

and

pr

oble

ms

face

d.

→

Col

lect

mor

e fe

edba

cks

from

m

ajor

st

akeh

olde

r/lin

e ag

enci

es t

o m

ake

follo

w u

p pr

ojec

t ac

tiviti

es s

ugge

sted

by

loca

l

Inte

ract

ion

wor

ksho

p in

D

hunc

he

→ T

his

mee

ting

will

be

a go

od

exer

cise

to

mak

e fo

llow

up

proj

ect r

ealis

tic

25

Reg

ular

com

mun

ity

mee

ting

Fie

ld a

ssis

tant

(1)

M

SN

F

EC

OF

UN

E

SO

N (

som

e tim

es)

M

Ps

coor

dina

tion

com

met

tee

mem

bers

2-3

hr in

ea

ch

mon

ths

for

10

mon

ths

C

hilim

e

Thi

s re

gula

r m

eetin

g co

nduc

ted

by fi

eld

assi

stan

t w

ill w

ork

on

gath

erin

g of

loca

l is

sues

on

MP

s an

d de

velo

p a

good

M

Ps

mon

itorin

g sy

stem

bet

wee

n C

Fs

invo

lved

in th

e co

mm

ittee

Com

mun

ity m

eetin

gs a

nd

min

utin

g in

the

regi

ster

s pr

ovid

ed b

y E

SO

N

Thi

s m

eetin

g w

ill

also

info

rm

com

mun

ities

ab

out f

utur

e pr

ogra

ms

and

mak

e th

em

read

y fo

r it.

24

Fin

al r

epor

t pre

para

tion

and

subm

issi

on

3 E

SO

N -

Tea

m (

3)

1 m

onth

A

ugus

t, 20

07

Kat

hman

du

Dev

elop

exc

elle

nt

proj

ect r

epor

t F

inal

rep

ort

23

Ann

ex –

III

Tab

le 2

. Loc

al u

se o

f Med

icin

al P

lant

in G

atla

ng, C

hilim

e an

d T

hum

an V

illag

e D

evel

opm

ent C

omm

ittee

of

Ras

uwa

(Yad

av, 2

007)

SN

N

ame

of S

peci

es

Loca

l

Nam

e/T

aman

g

nam

e (T

)

Fam

ily

Pan

ts

Use

d U

ses

Nam

e of

Pla

ce

Mod

e of

Use

1.

A

coni

tum

fero

x W

all.e

x

Ser

inge

B

ikh

(T)

Ran

uncu

lace

ae

Roo

t U

ric a

cid,

orth

opae

dic

use

Chi

lime

Thu

man

P

aste

2.

A

risae

ma

flavu

m

(For

ssk.

) S

chot

t. S

arpa

ko M

akai

A

race

ae

Roo

t

tube

rs,

flow

ers

Sto

mac

h pa

in

Chi

lime,

Thu

man

P

aste

and

Jui

ce

3.

A

naph

alis

cont

orat

a(D

.Don

)Hoo

k.f.

B

uki p

hul

Com

posi

tae

Flo

wer

, lea

f

Che

st p

ain,

inne

r

blee

ding

G

atla

ng

Juic

e

4.

A

spar

agus

rac

emos

us

Will

d.

Kur

ilo k

omo,

Kob

i (T

) Li

liace

ae

Roo

t F

erm

enta

tion,

diar

rhoe

a fe

ver

toni

c C

hilim

e, T

hum

an

Pas

te

5.

A

stilb

e riv

ular

is B

uch.

-

Ham

.ex

D.D

on

Thu

loau

sadi

S

axifr

agac

eae

Roo

t/lea

f M

enst

rual

dis

orde

r C

hilim

e P

aste

6.

*A

coni

tum

spi

catu

m

(Bru

hl).

Sta

pf.

Bik

ma,

Bin

gma,

Nya

men

,

Bis

hjar

a (T

)

Ran

uncu

lace

ae

R

oot

Poi

son,

join

t pai

n

and

stom

ach

Dis

orde

r of

ani

mal

s,

Fev

er

3 V

DC

s Ju

ice

Pas

te

7.

A

rtem

esia

indi

ca W

illd.

Tite

pati

Sur

chen

t (T

) C

ompo

sita

e Le

af a

nd

stem

Fev

er, r

emov

e ta

pe

wor

m

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

Ju

ice

8.

*A

coru

s ca

lam

us L

. S

eda

(T)

Ara

ceae

R

hizo

me,

leaf

Cou

gh/c

oal,

inse

ctic

ide

3 V

DC

s P

aste

9.

B

erbe

ris a

siat

ica

Rox

b.ex

.DC

.

Chu

tro

Yan

sing

ba (

T)

Ber

berid

acea

e S

tem

E

ye p

ain

Chi

lime

Pow

der

24

10.

Ber

beris

aris

tata

DC

. Y

ansi

ngba

(T

) B

erbe

ridac

eae

Roo

t F

ever

T

hum

an

Pas

te

11.

Ber

beris

aris

tata

DC

. C

hutr

o B

erbe

ridac

eae

Ste

m

Sw

ellin

g pa

in

Gat

lang

P

aste

12.

*Ber

geni

e ci

liata

(H

aw.)

Ste

rnb.

Pak

hanv

ed

Bra

sen

(T)

Sax

ifrag

acea

e S

tem

roo

t E

ye p

ain,

cut

and

wou

nds

of a

nim

al

3 V

DC

s P

aste

13.

*Bos

chni

akia

him

alai

ca

Hoo

k.&

Tho

mso

n ex

Hoo

k.f.

Tho

mas

in,

Kan

gdol

(T

) O

roba

ncha

ceae

Le

af

Gas

tric

G

atla

ng

Pow

der

14.

Bis

tort

a af

finis

(D

.Don

)

Gre

ene

Mua

kui (

T)

Pol

ygon

acea

ce

Roo

t lea

f D

iarr

hoea

/

dyse

nter

y C

hilim

e P

aste

15.

Can

nabi

s sa

tiva

L.

Wan

g, S

ima

ganj

a (T

) C

anna

bace

ae

Ste

m

Sto

mac

h pa

in

3 V

DC

s R

aw

16.

*Cor

dyce

ps s

inen

sis

(Ber

k.)

Sac

e

Yar

shag

umba

H

ypoc

erea

ceac

W

hole

plan

t T

onic

3

VD

Cs

Juic

e/ P

aste

17.

Cin

nam

omum

tam

ala

(Buc

h.-H

am.)

Nee

s

&E

berm

.

Sin

gdin

g (T

) La

urac

eae

Leaf

bar

k V

omiti

ng

3 V

DC

s P

aste

18.

*Dac

tylo

rhiz

a ha

tagi

rea

(D.D

on)

Soo

O

mpo

lakp

a (T

) O

rchi

dace

ae

Roo

t tub

ers

Hea

l wou

nds,

cut

s

and

burn

s, s

tom

ach

pain

3 V

DC

s P

aste

19.

*Del

phin

ium

him

alay

ai

Mun

z

Nirm

ansi

Bon

gmar

(T

) R

anuc

ulac

eae

Roo

t F

ever

, hea

dach

e,

coug

h/co

ld

3 V

DC

s P

aste

20.

Dio

scor

ea d

elto

idea

Wal

l.ex.

Gris

eb.

Bhy

akur

D

iosc

orea

ceae

R

oot

Wor

m

Thu

man

P

aste

21.

Eph

edra

ger

adia

na

Wal

l.ex.

Sta

pf.

Som

lata

E

phed

race

ae

Ste

m

Ast

hma

3 V

DC

s Ju

ice

22.

Ent

ada

rhee

dei

Spr

eng

. P

angr

am (

T)

Mim

osac

eae

Who

le

Pai

n re

lief o

f bon

e G

atla

ng

Pas

te

25

plan

t

23.

Eup

ator

ium

aden

opho

um

Spr

eng.

B

anm

ara

Com

posi

tae

Leaf

C

uts/

wou

nds

Gat

lang

Ju

ice

24.

Fra

xinu

s fo

lribu

ndan

Wal

l. K

ipsi

l (T

) O

leac

eae

Leaf

B

ody

pain

C

hilim

e T

hum

an

Ju

ice

25.

*Frit

tela

ria c

irrho

sa D

.

Don

K

akol

i, bi

mo

(T)

Lilia

ceae

W

hole

plan

t

Gas

tric

/ sto

mac

h

pain

C

hilim

e P

aste

26.

Pte

ris b

iaur

ita L

. R

atou

nyu

Asc

lepe

diac

eae

Roo

t A

aunp

arek

o C

hilim

e, G

atla

ng,

Thu

man

P

aste

27.

Ger

aniu

m s

p.

Gur

ije,

San

gmen

(T

) G

eran

iace

ae

Roo

t C

uts/

wou

nds

Gat

lang

P

aste

28.

Gen

tiana

cap

itata

Buc

h.-

Ham

. ex

D.D

on

Pan

genn

omta

(T)

Gen

tiana

ceae

W

hole

plan

t

Poi

soni

ng a

nd

diar

rhoe

a G

atla

ng

Pas

te

29.

Hip

poph

ae s

alic

ifolia

D.D

on

Dal

aech

uk

Ela

egna

cae

Fru

its

Cou

gh, g

astr

ic,

wom

en m

enst

rual

diso

rder

Gat

lang

Chi

lime

Pas

te

30.

Hip

poph

ae ti

beta

na

Sch

tdl.

Tar

u (T

) E

laeg

nace

ae

Fru

its

Dia

horr

ea

Thu

man

P

aste

31.

Jugl

ens

regi

a L

.. O

khar

Ju

glan

dace

ae

Nut

s B

ody

fres

h-up

T

hum

an G

atla

ng

Juic

e

32.

Juni

peru

s re

curv

a

Buc

h.-H

am e

x D

.Don

. S

ukpa

(T

) C

upre

ssac

eae

F

ruits

T

hroa

t pai

n C

hilim

e, G

atla

ng,

Thu

man

Ju

ice

33.

Lind

era

ness

iana

(W

all

ex N

ees)

Kur

z.

Kur

um (

T)

Laur

acea

e S

eed

D

iaho

rrea

T

hum

an

Juic

e

34.

Loni

cera

myr

tillu

s

Hoo

k. f.

&T

hom

son

Tak

tak

(T)

Cap

rifol

iace

ae

Roo

t F

ever

C

hilim

e, G

atla

ng,

Thu

man

P

aste

35.

Lyon

ia o

valif

olia

(Wal

l.)

Tam

asin

g (T

) E

ricac

eae

Leaf

B

oils

and

wou

nds

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

, P

aste

26

Dru

de

Thu

man

36.

Mom

ordi

ca c

hara

ntia

L.

B

anka

rela

C

ucur

bita

ceae

F

ruit

Fev

er/s

kin

dise

ase

Thu

man

R

aw

37.

Myr

ica

escu

lent

a B

uck.

-

Ham

ex

D.D

on

Nam

in (

T)

Myr

icac

eae

Bar

k H

eart

dis

ease

T

hum

an C

hilim

e P

aste

38.

*Nar

dost

achy

s

gran

diflo

ra D

C.

Pan

gpe

(T),

Lahp

e

jata

man

in

Val

eria

ncea

e R

hizo

me

leav

es

Hea

dach

e, h

igh

altit

ude

sick

ness

G

atla

ng

Pas

te

39.

*Neo

picr

orhi

za

scro

phul

ariif

lora

(Pen

nell)

Hon

g

Kut

ki

Scr

ophu

laria

ceae

R

hizo

me

Roo

t F

ever

, Cou

gh C

old

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

,

Thu

man

Ju

ice

40.

*Par

is p

olyp

hylla

Sm

ith

Sat

uwa,

Kal

chun

g (T

) Li

liace

ae

Roo

t F

ever

, Vom

iting

,

Wor

ms

Chi

lime

Pas

te

41.

Pie

ris fo

rmos

a (W

all.)

D.

Don

P

rapr

a (T

) E

ricac

eae

Le

af

Hea

dach

e

Gat

lang

Ju

ice

42.

Pot

entil

la p

endi

cula

ris

D. D

on

Baj

rada

nti

San

gmen

(T

) R

osac

eae

Roo

t G

astr

ic

Gat

lang

P

aste

43.

*Rhe

um a

ustr

ale

D. D

on

Pad

amch

al

Chh

urch

a (T

) P

olyg

onac

eae

R

oot

Bod

y pa

in r

elie

f,

Dia

rrho

ea/fr

actu

re

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

P

aste

44.

Rho

diol

a hi

mal

ensi

s (

D.

Don

) F

u M

ahag

uru

Cra

ssul

acea

e

Roo

t F

ever

sto

mac

h pa

in

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

,

Thu

man

P

aste

45.

*Rub

ia m

anjit

h R

oxb.

ex

Fle

min

g

Maj

itho

Tiru

(T

) R

ubia

ceae

R

oot

Sca

bies

/ Ski

n

Dis

ease

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

,

Thu

man

P

aste

46.

Rum

ex n

epal

ensi

s

Spr

eng

Hal

hale

Allp

ibi (

T)

Pol

ygon

acea

e R

oot

Fra

ctur

e of

ani

mal

s T

hum

an

Pas

te

47.

Rho

dode

ndro

n

arbo

reum

Sm

. P

aram

endo

(T

) E

ricac

eae

Flo

wer

T

onic

C

hilim

e, G

atla

ng,

Thu

man

P

aste

27

48.

Rho

dode

ndro

n

anth

opog

an

D. D

on.

Sun

pati

Eric

acea

e F

low

er

Cau

se h

igh

altit

ude,

Hig

h al

titud

e

sick

ness

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

,

Thu

man

Ju

ice

49.

*Sw

ertia

chi

rayi

ta

(Rox

b.ex

Fle

min

g)

Kar

sten

Chi

raito

Tim

da (

T)

Gen

tiana

ceae

W

hole

Pla

nt

Fev

er, h

eada

che

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

,

Thu

man

Ju

ice

50.

*Sw

ertia

mul

ticau

lis

D.

Don

S

arm

agur

u (T

) G

entia

nace

ae

Who

le

plan

t

Fev

er, c

ut/w

ound

s

head

ache

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

,

Thu

man

P

aste

51.

Tax

us w

allic

hian

a Z

ucc.

S

ildin

g (T

) T

axac

eae

Ste

m/le

af

Stim

ulan

t,

Res

pira

tory

rel

ief

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

,

Thu

man

P

aste

, Jui

ce

52.

*Val

eria

na ja

tam

ansi

Jone

s.

Sug

andh

awal

Lung

be (

T)

Val

eria

nace

ae

Rhi

com

e C

ough

/col

d,

Thr

oat p

ain

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

,

Thu

man

P

aste

53.

Vite

x ne

gund

o L.

S

imal

i V

erbe

nace

ae

See

d

Wor

ms

relie

f C

hilim

e, G

atla

ng,

Thu

man

P

aste

54.

*Zan

thox

ylum

arm

atum

DC

.

Pro

mo

(T),

Tim

ur

Rut

acea

e F

ruit

Gas

tric

C

hilim

e, G

atla

ng,

Thu

man

P

aste

55.

G

urije

Roo

t F

ever

, cut

and

w

ound

s

56.

Y

ajem

o

Roo

t F

ever

, sto

mac

h pa

in, h

eart

pai

n

57.

B

rash

in

W

hole

pl

ant

Cut

s/w

ound

s,

Bod

ypai

n

58.

S

iling

pral

bu

R

oof

Dia

rrho

ea

59.

W

angy

ang

Le

af

Sto

mac

h pa

in

60.

W

amar

bu/T

amt

a

Roo

t T

reat

blo

od

dyse

nter

y

61.

Y

akim

Roo

t F

ever

62.

M

ahag

uru

Fev

er (

stom

ach

pain

)

63.

A

yzib

i

Roo

t F

actu

re

28

64.

S

unga

Roo

t T

onic

65.

S

idin

g

Leaf

(st

em)

Res

pira

tion

relie

f

66.

P

e

Leaf

B

lood

pr

essu

re/f

ever

67.

T

omas

ing

Le

af

Wou

nds

with

wat

er

68.

G

ovo,

Tar

u

Fru

it D

iaho

rrea

69.

Ja

ktak

Roo

t F

ever

70.

C

hand

an

Wor

ship

ping

71.

T

ajgu

ru

R

oot

Fev

er

72.

W

ana

R

hizo

me

Fev

er

73.

K

huim

ra

S

tem

F

ever

74.

N

igirj

ale

R

oot

Fev

er

*

Hig

hly

Tra

ded

Med

icin

al P

lant

s in

Ras

uwa

© E

thno

bota

nica

l Dat

a pr

ovid

ed h

ere

is ta

ken

from

th

e M

.Sc

Dis

sert

atio

n su

bmitt

ed b

y S

aroj

Yad

av to

Trib

huva

n

Uni

vers

ity, C

entr

al D

epar

tmen

t of B

otan

y, K

irtip

ur

Kat

hman

du, N

epal

. (fu

nded

by

ES

0N_A

llach

y pr

ojec

t)

29

Annex – IV

Table 3. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE FARMERS SUPPORTED FOR CHIRAITO (Swertia chirayita) GROWING

S.No Name of Participant Address Species cultivated

Area in Ropany Estimated Qty in Kg Remarks

1 Bahadur tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained

person

2 Besar tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

3 Chimo tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

4 Chyangba dup tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained

person

5 Dawa chenjim tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed New farmer

6 Dawa chenjom tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5

ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person

7 Dindup wangdi Chilime 4 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

8 Gombo dorje taman Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5

ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person

9 Kale tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

10 Kami chenjom tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed New farmer

11 Kami shya tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

12 Kami sitar tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

13 Lakpa dindup tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained

person

14 Lakpa singgi tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5

ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person

15 Lha bri tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

16 Malangjom tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 4 ropany 100 Kg steam, 8 Kg seed New farmer

17 Mingmar tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained

person

18 Mingmar tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed New farmer

19 Nangdang tsering tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed New farmer

20 Nanggang chiring tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained

person

21 Nima tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 4 ropany 100 Kg steam, 8 Kg seed New farmer

22 Norchel tamang Chilime 6 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed Trained

person

23 Nurpu tsering tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

24 Pasang wangdi tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5

ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed

25 Pempa chomo tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

26 Phinjo tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5

ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person

30

27 Ralpa tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed

28 Sampa dindup tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed Trained

person

29 Sampa tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5

ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person

30 Sarki tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

31 Selkar tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5

ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person

32 Sem dorje tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

33 Singghi namghyal tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained

person

34 Sonam darpo tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 7 ropany 175 Kg steam, 14 Kg seed Trained

person

35 Sonam Duche tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

36 Talpin tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita Trained

person

37 Tapcha tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer

38 Thulo kami tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5

ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person

39 Urlama tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed Trained

person

20 ropany is Equivalent to 1 hectare

31

Ann

ex –

V

Tab

le 4

. Non

Tim

ber F

ores

t Pro

duct

s (N

TF

Ps)

trad

ed

from

Ras

uwa

dist

rict (

2006

-200

7)

Tra

ders

nam

e: K

arsa

ng T

aman

g &

Kam

i Dor

ze (

Tha

mbu

che

t)A

dvan

ce to

the

trad

ers:

NR

s. 5

00-2

000

Num

ber

of h

ouse

hold

s en

gage

d in

the

colle

ctio

n of

MA

Ps

Yea

rly

harv

est

Qua

. P

ost h

arve

st

proc

ess

Chi

lime

VD

C

SN

S

cien

tific

/Nep

ali

Nam

es o

f NT

FP

T

aman

g na

me

Col

letio

n ar

ea/V

DC

s

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 G

atla

ng

Gol

jung

T

hum

an

2006

and

07

Tra

der

Col

lect

or

1

Sw

ertia

chi

rayi

ta

(Rox

b. e

x F

lem

ing)

Kar

sten

(C

hira

ito)

Tim

ta

Chi

lime,

Gol

jung

, G

atla

ng, T

hum

an

2- 3

4- 5 30

-40

20

-25

2- 3

5- 7 4- 5

6- 7 20

-25

10-1

5 20

-25

2000

-300

0 D

ry

Dry

2 D

elph

iniu

m

him

alay

ai

Mun

z/(N

irman

si)

Bon

gmar

, W

ongm

ar

4,5,

Thu

man

, Gat

lang

30-

40

20-

25

1-2

5-

7 50

-100

D

ry

Dry

3

Aco

nitu

m

hete

roph

yllu

m

Wal

l. ex

R

oyle

,/(B

ishm

a)

Bin

gma

4, 5

, Gat

lang

4-5

50-8

0 D

ry

Boi

l

4 A

coni

tum

fer

ox

Wal

l. ex

S

er./(

Bis

h Ja

ra)

N

yam

en

4, 5

, Gat

lang

30-

40

20-

25

1- 2 1- 2

20

00-3

000

Dry

B

oil

5 N

ardo

stac

hys

gran

diflo

ra D

C.

/(Ja

tam

ansi

)

Pan

gpe,

Lah

ape

4, 5

, Gat

lang

, Thu

man

30-

40

20-

25

1- 2 1- 2

20-2

5

5-7

4000

-500

0 D

ry

Dry

6 A

coru

s ca

lam

us

L./(

Boj

o)

Sed

a C

hilim

e, G

olju

ng,

Gat

lang

, Thu

man

1- 2

2- 3 4- 5

30-

40

20-

25

2- 3 5- 7

4- 5 6- 7

20-2

5 10

-15

50

0-10

00

Dry

C

ut/D

ry

7 V

aler

iana

wal

lichi

Jo

nes.

/(

Sug

andh

awal

)

Lung

be

Chi

lime,

Gol

jung

, G

atla

ng, T

hum

an

10-1

5

500

Dry

D

ry

8 Li

chen

/Jhy

au

Po

Chi

lime,

Gol

jung

, G

atla

ng, T

hum

an

1- 2 2- 3

4- 5 30

-40

20

-25

2- 3

5- 7 4- 5

6- 7 20

-25

10-1

5

1000

0-15

000

Dry

if

need

ed

9 P

aris

pol

yphy

lla

Sm

./(S

atuw

a)

Kal

chyu

ng

10

0

32

10

Asp

arag

us

race

mos

us

Will

d./(

Kur

ilo)

R

ajlim

a, K

obi

30

0

Boi

l and

pe

el

11

Ber

geni

a ci

liata

(H

aw.)

Ste

rnb.

/ (P

akha

ned)

B

rajim

endo

200

12

Rub

ia m

anjit

h R

oxb.

ex

Fle

min

g/(M

ajith

o)

Tiru

C

hilim

e, G

olju

ng,

Gat

lang

, Thu

man

1- 2

2- 3 4- 5

30-

40

20-

25

2- 3 5- 7

4- 5 6- 7

20-2

5 10

-15

20-2

5 50

0-10

00

Dry

an

d m

ake

piec

es

Dry

13

Dap

hne

papy

race

a W

all.

ex S

teud

./(Lo

kta)

S

yo-S

yo

20

0

14

Juni

pero

us

recu

rva

D.D

on./

(Dhu

pi p

at)

S

uppa

C

hilim

e, G

atla

nt,

Thu

man

30-

40

20-

25

10

00-2

000

Dry

15

Rho

dode

ndro

n an

thop

ogon

D.

Don

/(S

unpa

ti)

War

rlu

Chi

lime,

Gat

lang

30-

40

20-

25

20

00

Dry

16

Rhe

um a

ustr

ale

D.

Don

/(P

adam

chal

)

Chy

ungp

arin

C

hilim

e, G

olju

ng,

Gat

lang

, Thu

man

2- 3 4- 5

30-

40

20-

25

2- 3 5- 7

4- 5 6- 7

20-2

5 10

-15

20-2

5 40

0-50

0

Dry

17

Zan

thox

ylum

ar

mat

um

DC

./(T

imur

) P

rom

o

100

18

Neo

picr

orhi

za

scro

phul

ariif

lora

(P

enne

ll) D

.Y.

Hon

g/(K

utki

)

Kut

ki

10

0

19

Dac

tylo

rhiz

a ha

tagi

rea

(D.

Don

) S

oo/(

Pan

chau

le)

Wan

gpal

ampo

, W

angl

a

20

Sat

yriu

m

nepa

lens

e D

. D

on/(

Gam

dol

jara

)

Gam

dol

Chi

lime,

Gol

jung

, G

atla

ng, T

hum

an

1- 2 2- 3

4- 5 30

-40

20

-25

2- 3

5- 7 4- 5

6- 7 20

-25

10-1

5 20

-25

100-

200

33

21

Dio

scor

ea

delto

idea

Wal

l. ex

G

riseb

. /(

Kuk

urta

rul)

Nik

item

e C

hilim

e, G

olju

ng,

Gat

lang

, Thu

man

50

22

Tax

us w

allic

hian

a Z

ucc.

/(Lo

th s

alla

)

Sin

gisi

ng

Thu

man

20-2

5

23

Rac

hile

R

achi

le

10

0-15

0

24

Eph

edra

ge

rard

iana

Wal

l. ex

S

tapf

/(S

omla

ta)

Chh

ebun

gba

25

Pin

us w

allic

hian

a A

. B. J

acks

./ (S

imta

) S

imta

G

atla

ng

50

26

Sw

ertia

m

ultic

aulis

D.

Don

, /(

Sar

mag

uru)

Sar

mag

uru

27

Urm

en

Urm

en

Chi

lime

30

-40

20

-25

20-3

0 D

ry

Dry

28

Cur

culig

o or

chio

ides

G

aert

n./(

Mus

ali)

P

hase

C

hilim

e, G

olju

ng,

Gat

lang

, Thu

man

1- 2

2- 3 4- 5

30-

40

20-

25

2- 3 5- 7

4- 5 6- 7

20-2

5 10

-15

20-2

5 01

-Oct

D

ry

Dry

29

Gira

rdin

ia

dive

rsifo

lia (

Link

) F

riis

/(A

llo)

Pac

hyar

C

hilim

e, G

olju

ng,

Gat

lang

, Thu

man

1- 2

2- 3 4- 5

30-

40

20-

25

2- 3 5- 7

4- 5 6- 7

20-2

5 10

-15

20-2

5 60

0-70

0

Boi

l &

was

h

30

Cor

dyce

pus

sine

nsis

(B

erk.

) S

acc.

/(

Yar

sagu

mba

)

Yar

sagu

mba

20

31

Org

anic

exu

date

(S

ilajit

) B

rasi

n

20

32

Cin

nam

omum

ta

mal

a (B

uch.

-H

am.)

Nee

s &

E

berm

. /(T

ejpa

t)

Sin

gdin

gra,

S

ingd

ing

33

Frit

illar

ia c

irrho

sa

D. D

on /(

Bim

o)

Bim

o

10-

15

10

0

34

Annex – VI

Financial report (Provided in separate page)

Table 5.

35

Annex – VII

Non Timber Forest Products Information Centre in Dh unche

During the Inauguration workshop of ESON_Allachy project in November 9, 2006 participants representing 20 organizations including Central District Office, District Forest Office, Langtang National Park, Community Forest User Groups, herb traders, traditional healers identified the need of the establishment of medicinal plants information center in the district so that resource ownership and guardianship will be developed among civil society of Rasuwa.

The information center will be the repository of all kinds of plant related information in the form of herbarium materials, museum specimens, literatures of high value non-timber forest products, highly threatened and endemic plant, ethnobotanical knowledge and plant related activities in the district.

Rationale

Rasuwa district at an altitudinal range of 900 to 7410 m occupies 1544 sq km land area comprising 47% high Himalaya, 50% high mountain and 3% mid mountain. This district is one of the biodiversity rich natural habitats of unique flora and fauna in the central Himalaya at the Nepal-China boarder. Tamang and Yolmo ethnic people are the dominant inhabitants of Rasuwa. Livelihood of about 60-70 percent of the people living at the northern VDCs of Rasuwa entirely depend on the income from the collection of medicinal plants in wild.

Over harvesting of medicinal plants, overgrazing, forest fires, enchroachment in the natural habitats are causing excessive decrease in the richness of the high value plants together with degradation of the important habitats. Despite many programs focused on MAPs and NTFPs in Rasuwa there are not any outstanding outputs so far achieved in this sector. To address this issue, a step forward action is identified by the concerned organizations and civil societies of this district on the sustainable utilization and conservation of the plant resources.

Expected outputs

- Repository/library of all the researches, study reports, theses, articles published/written on the natural resources of Rasuwa and some selective references of Nepal and abroad as well.

- Model nursery maintained by information center which helps to disseminate in situ and ex situ information within and neighboring district.

- Plant and NTFP database of the district.

- Common venue to organize meetings, seminars, workshops, trainings on medicinal plants in the district.

- Center will also take initiatives for the development of Operation Plans of Community forests of the districts incorporating detailed information of sustainable utilization plan of NTFPs and information on biodiversity (both flora & fauna).

- Develop Local Resource Persons (LRPs) for the NTFP inventory, general research on MAPs, socie-economic studies, medicinal plants nursery preparation and management, herbarium preparation and management and biodiversity monitoring.

- Minimize the duplication of work and increase the replication of successful learning in the district.

Sustainability

Information center will be operated and managed by Federation of Community Forest User groups Nepal (FECOFUN) Rasuwa unit and Manekor Society of Nepal (MSN) in the local level and Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) will take care on the updated information in the form of literatures, museum specimens etc.

As medicinal plant conservation and support alternative income generating programs in the district, is one of the priority activity of District Development Committee (DDC) Rasuwa, the centre is also supported by DDC Rasuwa. Similarly there will be active role of District forest office, Langtang National Park and Village Development Committees and organizations working in the nature resources management of the district.

Information center will charge nominal amount for visitors who use (photocopy) literature, use database for research/study, use information center room for conducting workshop, trainings, seminar. The collected amount will be used for the office management, buying literatures and nursery management.