community mesh networks status 2012
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Community Mesh Networks
Status 2012
Sebastian Büttrich, [email protected]
NSRC / IT University of Copenhagen
Last edit: February 2012, ICTP Trieste
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
![Page 2: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Agenda
I was asked to present a case study –
but so much is changing in and around community mesh networks
That I will change my agenda
![Page 3: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Agenda
‣ A timeline and historical perspective of community mesh networks
‣ What has changed over the last decade?
‣ Relevant developments in community mesh networks, 2012
‣ A case study from 2008 / revisited
![Page 4: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Timeline
‣ 2002 Freifunk, Germany http://www.freifunk.net
‣ 2002 Djursland, Denmark
‣ 2003 Funkfeuer, Austria http://www.funkfeuer.at
‣ 2004 Guifi, Spain, http://guifi.net
‣ 2005 CuWin Champaign Urbana, USA
‣ 2005 Peebles Valley, South Africa
![Page 5: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Timeline
‣ 2005 Dharamsala, India, http://airjaldi.com
‣ 2005 Ghana Wireless
‣ 2006 Linknet Zambia
‣ 2008 Sengerema Telecenter, Tanzania
… this is neither complete nor unbiased - find more here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wireless_community_networks_by_region
a look back in time:
![Page 6: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mesh cases
• Community network started in Berlin/Germany, to fill a gap in broadband (DSL/Fiber) access
Now there is almost no gaps anymore ...
• Home of the Freifunk Firmware
• Number of Nodes: 500+ Berlin, many more with several 100s
The Freifunk movement
![Page 7: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mesh casesThe Freifunk movement
180 nodes (Oct 2005)this = graphviz visualization
![Page 8: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mesh casesCuWin / USA
180 nodes (Oct 2005)this = graphviz visualization
![Page 9: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mesh casesDharamsala / India
180 nodes (Oct 2005)this = graphviz visualization
• Using Linksys WRT54G with OpenWRT firmware
• Using OLSR with ETX
• Connecting non-profit organizations
• Developed by Dharamsala Information Technology Group / TibTec
![Page 10: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mesh casesPeebles Valley, Mpumalanga, South Africa
• Meraka Institute, CSIR Pretoria
• Using FreifunkFirmware
• < 10 nodes right now, but growing
• First node was the Aids care training and support (ACTS) clinic
![Page 11: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Community mesh networks in 2012
Advice I would give a community network project today:
‣ 1) Lay fiber/cable if you can!
‣ 2) If you can not do fiber/cable, do wireless backbones and APs!
‣ 3) If you can not do 1) or 2), do mesh!
Open for discussion!
![Page 12: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
What has changed since 2005?
‣ Lots of new (highly mobile!) devices
‣ The stationary desktop computer is disappearing
‣ More bandwidth needed
‣ Mobile data cheaper and more available
‣ Some of the "community" mesh companies went the wrong (evil) way (Meraki, Fonera)
![Page 13: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
What has changed since 2005, technically?
‣ The Linksys WRT54 is no longer our "swiss army knife"
‣ OLSR is no longer our one and only choice for routing
‣ Dual (multiple) bands, multiple radios
‣ 802.11n is everywhere
‣ 802.11s, long believed to be dead or inferior, seems to come back to life (OLPC, Google)
![Page 14: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
One the other hand ...
‣ Ownership and freedom of networks more relevant than ever
‣ Mobile surveillance and shutdown in times of conflict, from USA to Germany to Egypt to Libya to … (insert your country here)
‣ New political momentum - from Egypt to Occupy (inspires projects like http://openmeshproject.org/, Commotion)
‣ Facebook and Google privacy disasters create support for community owned structures
![Page 15: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What to watch in mesh 2012
![Page 16: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What to watch in mesh 2012
![Page 17: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What to watch in mesh 2012
![Page 18: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What to watch in mesh 2012
![Page 19: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What to watch in mesh 2012People's data, WSN, citizen scientists
![Page 20: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What to watch in mesh 2012
![Page 21: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
… and here's the case study,
Sengerema, Tanzania2008
![Page 22: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Case study:Sengerema TelecenterShared Mesh Network
On behalf of the Sengerema team: Sebastian Büttrich, wire.less.dk
edit: February 2009 @ ICTP
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
![Page 23: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mesh casesSengerema, Tanzania
• Sengerema Telecenter• Part of Tanzania Telecenter Network
(TTN)• First shared mesh network in Tanzania• Supported by IICD (Netherlands)
![Page 24: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sengerema MeshBackground
• Sengerema multi-purpose Telecenter: computer services, printing, office, internet, education, FM Radio Station (reach 400,000 people) etc
• Has internet connection - VSAT 128/64 kbps through COSTECH(Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology) – newskies.com as VSAT provider
![Page 25: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sengerema Telecenter
![Page 26: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
SengeremaTelecenter:Tower
![Page 27: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Sengerema MeshRemarkable aspects
• New business models aiming at sustainability independent of funding
• Network creation embedded in capacity building and community growing
• Addressing the “chicken – egg” problem of creating a rural IT environment
• Lakezone Wireless Expert Group
![Page 28: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
Customers
![Page 29: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Sengerema MeshCustomers / Users
• First round:
• The Union of Disabled Association of Tanzania
• Sengerema Non-Governmental Network-SENGONET
• Sengerema Focal Development College (FDC)
• District Educational Office / DEO
• Sengerema Agricultural Office
• Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Commerce (TCCIA)
• UNDP/SLEM Entrepreneurs office
• Teachers Resource Centre (TRC)
• Tanzania Teachers Association (TTA)
• Home of the Elderly
• KIMOSA enterprises
• Ward
• Upcoming:
• Primary School
• Hotel Lisbon
• And many more ...
![Page 30: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CeltelMobileOperatorTower
![Page 31: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sengerema MeshMap
![Page 32: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sengerema MeshWorkshop October 2008
![Page 33: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sengerema MeshTechnology choices
• Low budget (...) Mesh• Wireless routers: Linksys WRT54GL• Firmware: OpenWRT/Freifunk• Antennas: self built (with some
exceptions)• Antenna masts built locally
![Page 34: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh: BudgetWiFi vs. Motorola Canopy
• Comparison Canopy Wifi
Initial costs per customer [USD]1200 150-200
Speed 54 Mbps 54 Mbps(With a VSAT connection of 128/64 kbps, the speed of the local wireless net will not be the bottleneck, in the foreseeable future)
Life span, expected10 years 5 years
Loss rateHardware failure, Theft, Power fluctuations, Animals, Water/climate
? 25% per year
![Page 35: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mesh cases
Sengerema:Nodehardware
![Page 36: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
Node hardware
![Page 37: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
Super node:Omni &BiquadAntenna
![Page 38: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Sengerema MeshGPS recording of sites
![Page 39: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
SiteSurvey:
GPS,environment,technical &humanfactors
![Page 40: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Sengerema MeshRadio Mobile Planning
![Page 41: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Sengerema MeshRadioMobile Planning
![Page 42: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Sengerema MeshNetwork Plan
![Page 43: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Mesh cases
Sengerema:Installation
![Page 44: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Sengerema MeshAntenna Masts
• 6 poles L- shape each six metres• 5 poles normal each six metres
![Page 45: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 46: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 47: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 48: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 49: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 50: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 51: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 52: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 53: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 54: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 55: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 56: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 57: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 58: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
![Page 59: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Sengerema MeshIMAGE
![Page 60: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Sengerema Mesh
Opening ceremony
![Page 61: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Sengerema MeshChallenges & Next Steps
• 10+ sites (e.g. a school with hundreds of students) getting to use the web via 128/64 kbps ... bandwidth becomes an issue
• Complete Proxy / Cache configurations• Create Local Content• Configure Bandwidth Management
![Page 62: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Sengerema MeshChallenges & Next Steps
• Connect the next customers waiting• Upgrade the VSAT bandwidth
![Page 63: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Sengerema MeshChallenges & Next Steps
• Usage problems: Lismas, the technician, reports:“A customer told me there is a problem with the internet. When I checked it, I found out he typed only two w’s instead of three to enter the World Wide Web”.
• Virus protection• Tools and techniques
![Page 64: Community Mesh Networks Status 2012](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb50c82e268c58cd5cb7fe/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Sengerema MeshFurther Info
• http://telecentre.org• http://iicd.org• Many blogs and articles from Sengerema:• http://www.iicd.org/IICDCorporateBlog/sengerema-community-browsing-the-net
• http://www.telecentre.org/profiles/blogs/people-with-disabilities-hails
• http://www.telecentre.org/profiles/blog/list?user=366s7pcdpwq42
• http://www.iicd.org/articles/launch-of-wireless-internet-in-sengerema-tanzania/
• Flickr.com: search for “sengerema wireless mesh ...” :) e.g. John Kibuuka's stream: http://flickr.com/photos/kjohnah/