community participation in community health impact ... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Suvapak BenjatanawatSang‐arun IsaramalaiDudsadee Muenhor
Phen SukmagPrince of Songkla University, Thailand
Community participation in community health impact assessment:
3 case studies in Thailand
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Introduction
Community health impact assessment (CHIA) :social joint learning processemphasis on people participation‐“no one knows better than oneself.”began in 2008 ‐ workshop for community education to perform self‐health impact assessment by NHCOWorkshop initiated CHIA pilot areas
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Objective
To describe the level of participation within the community for CHIA by using the IAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation.
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IAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation
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Inform‐ To serve the information for fully understanding
Consult‐ To ask the opinions
Involve‐ To include into the process‐No decision making
collaborate‐ To work together‐ Attempt to find consensus solutions
empower‐ To make decision by the public
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3 case studies
Deep sea port and industrial developmentTha‐Sala Districts, Nakhon Si Thammarat province
Thai‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant
Chana District, Songkhla Province
Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity Khoa Hinsorn sub‐district, Phanomsarakam district,
Cha Choeng Sao province
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Methodology
Study designdescriptive researchdata collectiondocumentary reviewgroup discussion ‐ by HIA activists during 2010‐2012
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Cases of interest
1. Deep sea port and industrial development2. Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity3. Thai ‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas
separation plant
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Deep sea port and industrial development
located in Tha‐Sala Districts, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province belong to Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production, Ltd. cause severe impact to community: EHIA
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Deep sea port and industrial development
ScreeningScopingAppraisalReviewingDecision Making
Inform Consult Involve Collaborate Empower
Photos from : Prasidhichai Noonual. (2015). CHIA กระบวนการประเมินศักยภาพชุมชนเพื่อการกาํหนดอนาคตตนเอง. The 8th National Health Assembly. 21‐23 December 2015. Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. 9
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Deep sea port and industrial development
“Fish book”Information of Tha‐sala bay•Abundant of natural resources•Capacity of area in food production•Path of food•Economic information•Led to set strategy of the community to be source of food for worldwide
source : Prasidhichai Noonual. (n.d.). ก่อน “กลาย”เป็นอื่น. Health Impact Assessment Coordinating Unit (HIA Co‐Unit), National Health Commission Office, Thailand.
“Fish book” was submitted to related agencies for consideration of approving the project.
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Photos from : Prasidhichai Noonual. (2015). CHIA กระบวนการประเมินศกัยภาพชุมชนเพื่อการกาํหนดอนาคตตนเอง. The 8th National Health Assembly. 21‐23 December 2015. Nonthaburi Province, Thailand.
• people made their own decision to dictate their own future
• the cooperation to protect “area of food resource” between network of people, education institution and local administration
• Chevron has halted the construction of seaport in Thai Gulf on December, 2012.
Deep sea port and industrial development
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Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity
located in Khoa Hinsorn Sub‐district, Phanomsarakam District, Cha Choeng Sao Province belong to the National Power Supply Limited Company (Public) could cause severe impact to community: EHIA
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Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity
ScreeningScopingAppraisalReviewingDecision Making
Inform Consult Involve
Photos from : Health Impact Assessment Coordinating Unit (HIA Co‐Unit), National Health Commission Office, Thailand. 13
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Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity
Photos from : Kobmanee Lertpichitkul. (2012). บทเรียนจากเขาหินซ้อน : ปฏฺบัติการปกป้องพืน้ที่ วิถึชุมชน
และสิ่งแวดล้อม. Health Impact Assessment Coordinating Unit (HIA Co‐Unit), National Health Commission Office, Thailand..
Present the CHIA findings in 2 meetings• public review : present initial
findings for knowledge sharing and data verification
• expert review : present draft report for suggestions and recommendations
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Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity
CHIA report
submitted to committee meeting for considering EHIA report as supplementary information
EHIA report disapproval1st consideration in 20122nd consideration in 20133rd consideration in 2016
Photo from : Health Impact Assessment Coordinating Unit (HIA Co‐Unit) National Health Commission Office, Thailand. 15
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Thai‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant
located in Chana district, Songkhla province an international joint venture betweenThailand and Malaysia for sharing the benefitfrom the natural gas in the area
operated in 2005 even though the EIA reportwas disapproved
conflictions with people in the areas and thefailure from public hearing
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Thai‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant
ScopingAppraisalReviewing
Inform Consult
Photos from : Pavinee Chaipak, Thanyamas Thepya. (2012). เหลยีวหลงัแลหน้าจะนะ ก่อนไปต่ออนาคตคนสงขลา. National Health Commission Office. Bangkok: Kunathai co.,ltd. (Wanida Press).
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Thai‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant
Photo 1‐2 from : Pavinee Chaipak, Thanyamas Thepya. (2012). เหลยีวหลงัแลหน้าจะนะ ก่อนไปต่ออนาคตคนสงขลา. National Health Commission Office. Bangkok: Kunathai co.,ltd. (Wanida Press).
Photo 3‐6 from ThaiPBS
1 2
3
4 5 6
Highlight issues from CHIA findings :•Publications•Citizen journalists•Community media on television program (ThaiPBS channel)
Current status – CHIA for Chana coastal & marine resources conservation
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ResultsCHIA
ProcessIAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation
Inform consult involve collaborate empower
Screening 1 Informal conversation
1 Community hearing 2 Regulation
‐ ‐ ‐
Scoping 2 Focus group meeting3 Meeting
2 Focus group meeting 3 Group discussion
1 Small ‐ large group discussion, Informal conversation 1 tools development for data collection as collaborative efforts (community and academics)2 Community mapping process
‐ ‐
Appraisal ‐ 2 Field survey, focus group, questioning and in‐depth interview 3 Questionnaire, group discussion, and in‐depth interview 3 Publication, Citizen journalists, Community media
1 Data collecting by people.1 Community discussion ‐environment mapping, marine life. mapping2 Data validating by community
‐ ‐
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CHIA Process
IAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation
Inform consult involve collaborate empower
Reviewing ‐ 3 Informal meeting
1 Meeting of 4 networking villages2 Public review and expert Review
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Decision Making
‐ ‐ 1 Fish book : information for project approval process2 CHIA report : information for project approval process
1 Cooperation for conservation Tha‐sala bay as “area of food resources”
1 Community dictate its own future
Monitoring &
Evaluation
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Results
1 ‐ Deep sea port and industrial development2 ‐ Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity3 ‐ Thai ‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant
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Conclusion
CaseLevel of participation
inform consult involve collaborate empower
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
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Case 1 ‐ Deep sea port and industrial developmentCase 2 ‐ Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacityCase 3 ‐ Thai ‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant
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Conclusion
All 3 CHIA cases were implemented according to HIA process however, the methodology of each step was different.
The level of community participation was different, depending on• The entry point for conducting CHIA
• Deep sea port and industrial development : against the project by using CHIA network
• Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity : against the project by using section 11 of the National Health Act 2007
• Thai ‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant : • monitoring and evaluation by using CHIA network
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• Situation and context of community• CHIA Facilitator• Time period of CHIA process
Community participation in CHIA process can take community concerns and values into decision making.
Lack of monitoring and evaluation steps in all 3 CHIA case studies.
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Conclusion
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Thank you
Photo from : Pavinee Chaipak. (2012). จะนะจะก้าวข้าม. National Health Commission Office. Bangkok: Kunathai co.,ltd. (Wanida Press).24