community planning land use education project charlotte p. burckhardt, aicp, pcp principal planner

Community Planning

Land Use Education ProjectCharlotte P. Burckhardt, AICP, PCP

Principal Planner

Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services

Presentation Outline

• Why communities plan

• How communities create a Plan– Process– Considerations

• How communities implement their Plan– Zoning– Site Plan Review


Key ideas students would take away from this curriculum

• Land Use issues affect our daily lives• Communities plan for their future• You have an opportunity to

participate • Think like a planner



• Why communities plan

• How communities create a Plan– Process– Considerations

• How communities implement their Plan– Zoning– Site Plan Review


Communities plan for their future

• Similar to students planning for their futures

– What are they good at now?

– What would they like to do in the future?

– What steps do they need to take to get there?

Why communities plan


Communities come in all shapes and sizes

• In what kind of community would they like to live in the future?– Urban– Suburban – Rural



Urban



Suburban



Rural



Why do communities plan?

• To prepare for change--puts the community in the driver’s seat


Future


I-75 and I-696 in 1963



I-75 and I-696 in 2002




• To balance individual property rights against the greater good




• To create a sustainable community that people want to live in now and in the future– environmental– fiscal (tax base)– societal (someplace people care about)




• To develop policies for growth and communicate those policies in a document

• A community master plan is the document that identifies those policies and shows what the community would look like in the future (future land use map)



Waterford Future Land Use Map




• Why communities have a Master Plan

• How communities create a Master Plan– Process– Considerations

• How communities implement their Master Plan– Zoning– Site Plan Review


Type of local government

• Home Rule– The most local unit of government is

responsible for the planning and zoning

• Cities, villages, and townships– Oakland County has 61 local

governments

How communities plan


Map of Oakland County



Who creates the Plan?

• Planning Commission is composed of citizens (5, 7, or 9) who represent everyone in the community.

• Residents and business-owners are also asked for their input

• One to two year process



Planning process identifies:

• Where the community is now

• Where the community has been

• Where the community wants to be in the future



Master Plan Process

• Collect information about the community

• Analyze the data• Get public input• Review options• Select a preferred future• Prepare an implementation strategy



Types of Information Collected

• Population• Land Use• Infrastructure• Economic• Natural Features• Other community-specific issues



Population Data

• Current Population (Census data)– Age groupings– Income levels

• Growth rates from previous data• Population projections

– The population you are planning for.



Waterford – 1990 and 2000 Census

• Population in 1990 was 66,692• Population in 2000 was 73,150• 9.7 % increase (6,458 people)

• There were 1,568 12 and 13 year-olds in 1990

• There were 1,718 12 and 13 year-olds in 2000

• Increase of 150



Waterford Age Comparison

1990 2000


Waterford 2000 and 2030 Population by age


0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000

Age 0-4

Age 5-17

Age 18-34

Age 35-64

Age 65+

20302000


Land Use Data

• Existing land use statistics– How much land is used for residential,

commercial, parks, or industrial?– How much land could still be developed?– What opportunities exist for development?

• Historic land use– Look at past statistics to see changes in

different categories.

• Development potential– Vacant, underutilized, or redevelopment areas



Waterford Land Use Map



Infrastructure Data

• Circulation and access– Hand out street maps

• Water and sewer



Economic Data

• Where do people work--in or out of the community

• Types of jobs available in the community– industrial/manufacturing– office– commercial/retail– commercial/service

• Employment rate



Natural Features

• Larry will cover the environmental and recreational topics

• He will illustrate a process to plan with the environment



Community-Specific Issues

• Lack of– Recreational land or open space– Housing for specific needs– Town-center

• Community character– Housing– Commercial corridors– Image of public facilities– Traffic congestion– Lack of sidewalks

• Growth rate – too fast• Loss of population and need for redevelopment



Planning Commission asks for Public Input

• Public Meetings– “Prouds and Sorries”– Dot Voting

• Surveys• Visioning Sessions (brainstorming)• Key Person Interviews• Public Hearing




• Why communities have a Master Plan

• How communities create a Master Plan– Process– Considerations

• How communities implement their Master Plan– Zoning– Site Plan Review


Methods of Implementing

• Zoning– The legal requirements that govern

what you can do with your property

• Site Plan Review– The process to see how the building will

be sited on the property

Implementing the plan


Zoning

• Parcel specific• Regulates

– use– setback-front, rear, and side– coverage of the lot– parking– signage– landscaping


COMPARING A MASTER PLAN TO A ZONING ORDINANCE

The master plan is a guide.

The master plan is adopted by the planning commission (elected body may adopt too if desired).

The master plan shows how land is to be used in the future.

The zoning ordinance is law.

The zoning ordinance is adopted by the

elected body.

The zoning ordinance shows how land is regulated today.

Zoning Master Plan


Site Plan Review

• Makes sure the zoning requirements for that particular use are met on that lot



Suggestions for Teachers

• Obtain copy of local master plan• Create a newspaper clipping file• Have students identify where they

live in their community

Community Planning

Land Use Education ProjectCharlotte P. Burckhardt, AICP, PCP

Principal Planner

community planning land use education project charlotte p. burckhardt, aicp, pcp principal planner

Documents

communities plan slide

communities plan future

oakland county planning

daily lives communities

community master plan

plan process considerations

pcp principal planner

future future land use