community policing in taipeisandy yeh 1 community policing in taipeisandy yeh 2 introduction
TRANSCRIPT
3Community Policing in TaipeiSandy Yeh
COMMON CHALLENGES
•rapid change in social and demographic patterns
•crime & fear of crime
•drugs•urban decay
•====> COMMUNITY POLICING
4Community Policing in TaipeiSandy Yeh
MODERN POLICING
• 1829: Sir Peel founded modern policing
• Early 1900s : a public force with specific
organizational structures==>known as “Poli
tical Era”
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POLITICAL ERA
•crime prevention and control
•maintenance of public order
• providing a wide variety of social services.
FUNCTIONS:
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POLITICAL ERA
• served as a link between the politician
and community
• relied heavily on foot patrol and face-to-
face contact with citizen
ROLE
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POLITICAL ERA
•the foot patrol integrated police into
neighborhoods they served, and the
community believed that police patrol
helped to prevent crimes from
happening and to solve them when they
occurred.
STRENGTH
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POLITICAL ERA
• the intimacy with community and the d
ecentralized organization design resulte
d in several drawbacks of policing: corru
ption, inefficiency, and disorganization.
WEAKNESS
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REFORM ERA
To remedy the weaknesses of policing
in the political era, O. W. Wilson
launched the first shift of the policing
paradigm by systematically testing the
ideas and theories in police
administration in 1960s.
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TRADITIONAL POLICING
• rapidly responding to calls for service
• arresting offenders
• preventive patrol
• increased police visibility
EMPHASES
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TRADITIONAL POLICING
• quantifiable indicators were created to
measure police officers’ effectiveness
• more advanced technologies, efficient
communication, and mobility were utilized
• tighter management through centralized
command and control systems
CHARACTERISTICS
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TRADITIONAL POLICING
• mobility
• power
• conspicuous presence
• control of officers
• professional distance from citizens
IMPRESSION
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TRADITIONAL POLICING
• Regardless of the quantitative indicators
used to measure police effectiveness, police
failed to meet expectations regarding their
capacity to prevent or solve crime.
DIFFICULTIES
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TRADITIONAL POLICING
• Fear of crime rose dramatically in cities
regardless of the actual level of crime (crime
rates).
DIFFICULTIES
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TRADITIONAL POLICING
• Police failed to play an impartial role, as
evidenced by increasing reports of police
mistreatment and brutality, especially to
minority citizens.
DIFFICULTIES
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TRADITIONAL POLICING
•Being more efficiency driven, police spent
less and less time with their clients, and
created an image of being indifferent and
distant to people.
DIFFICULTIES
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TRADITIONAL POLICING
• Some cities found themselves in fiscal
difficulties and could not sustain their
financial support for police to improve and
update their equipment and personnel.
DIFFICULTIES
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COMMUNITY POLICING
• foot patrol
• mini-station
• neighborhood watch
• team policing
• problem solving oriented policing
EARLY EFFORTS
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COMMUNITY POLICING
• reduce high crime rate
• reduce racial conflict
• reduce fear of crime
• reduce disorder
• enhance quality of life
GOALS
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COMMUNITY POLICING
A renewed philosophy of policing, based on the
concept that police officers and private citizens,
working together in creative ways, can help
solve contemporary problems related to crime,
fear of crime, social and physical disorder, and
neighborhood decay
DEFINITION
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• police department
• community
• elected civic officials
• business community
• other agencies
• media
COMMUNITY POLICING
JOINT EFFORTS OF BIG SIX
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• partnership
• an idea for the time
• a practical approach to problems
• getting back to people
COMMUNITY POLICING
WHAT IS?
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Over-quantified performance measurement
Measurement officers’ ability to solve problem and to interact with citizens
Centralized control and commandDecentralized autonomy
Top-down decision making Officer\citizen empowerment
Focus on handling the calls for service
Focus on citizen satisfaction
Responsible for activities during duty time
Responsible as a team, all the time
Rotating beat assignment
(mobility)
Permanent beat assignment
Individual capacity Department-wide consent and commitment
Short term perspectiveLong term effort
Reactive(the ability to clear crime)Proactive
(reemphasis on crime prevention)
Incident driven basisProblem solving basis
Traditional PolicingCommunity Policing
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• a Chinese + Japanese co-design
• long-existing community officer system
• Koban vs. Jin-Chin-Chu
• police operation district (POD)
POLICING IN TAIWAN
BRIEF HISTORY
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• population: 22.3 million
• area: 36188 km2
• 76,000 police officers
POLICING IN TAIWAN
PROFILE
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• 2 municipal police departments (Taipei
and Kaohsiung)
• 23 police bureaus in each county and c
ity Respectively
• 151 precincts corresponding to townsh
ip
•1568 substations, and 15,482 POD
POLICING IN TAIWAN
POLICE’S STATISTICS
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• develop roots into community
• promote efficiency
• more flexible administration
• more effective crime prevention
• better knowledge of community
• improve community relations
POLICING IN TAIWAN
MISSIONS OF POD OFFICER
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• household visit
• patrol (foot & bike)
• on-station duty
• back-up duty
• community service
POLICING IN TAIWAN
STRATEGIES OF POD OFFICER
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• capital of Taiwan
• culture, political & economy center
• population: 2.63 million
• population density: 28,000 per km2
• police personnel: 7900
• 14 precincts & 92 substations
COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
TAIPEI
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• was elected the mayor of Taipei in 1998
•clearly identified “community policing” the model of Taipei policing
•emphasizes on partnership building & restore POD system
COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
DR. MA YIN-JEOU
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•decentralize police operation--back to grassroots: neighborhoods
•establish & empower the community’s self-defense system
•re-emphasize crime prevention
•redesign police performance evaluation
•simplify police operations and restore the essence of POD
COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
MAYOR MA’S PROMISE
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•establish a highly efficient 911 service
•citizen’s satisfaction guaranteed
•improve the benefits of police officers
•reprioritize the handling of burglary cases
•construct a safety network for women & children
COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
MAYOR MA’S PROMISE
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES
•The organizational culture of Taipei
Municipal Police Headquarters is
redefined to emphasize and reward the
individual behavior and collective efforts
in fighting crime and helping to solve
community problems.
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES
•Crime control and prevention are recognized
as dual crucial components of policing.
•The organization must reinforce integrity and
ethical behavior in policing all the time in
order to regain community’s trust.
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES
• Break down the isolation between
the police and the community, and
share the responsibility with the rest of
the community to pursue effective
public safety.
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
PRECINCT COMMUNITY MEETING
•a mechanism to encourage cooperation
between the residents and police officers
•held periodically and open to public
•promote the awareness of crime prevention
and police efforts.
• 1,049 Precinct Community Meetings were
held, with attendance of 41,144 community
members
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
VOLUNTEER SQUAD
The volunteer Neighborhood Watch/Patrol
Squads patrol and watch their neighborhoods
reporting criminal activity and hazardous
situations. The squads work as the ears and
eyes for the police. So far, there have been
1,799 squads established and work as the
auxiliary police force to safeguard their
communities.
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAMS
•versatile programs were created to reduce the fear of crime among citizen and to prevent the likelihood of victimization.
•In the headquarters and 14 precincts, advisory committees for crime prevention was set up to supervise and inform crime prevention campaigns.
• a radio show to promote the information of public safety is on air every weekday afternoon.
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
SAFETY DEADLOCK HOTLINE
Women’s groups or individuals are encouraged
to report any area with problematic safety. So
far 248 safety deadlocks were reported, and
have been alleviated by improving the lighting
and remove safety hazards, and increase patrol
frequencies in these worrisome areas
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
COMMUNITY PROTECTION NETWORK
Encourage and reimburse partly schools, banks,
shops, stores, and residence to install
surveillance video camera, alarm, and other
protection facilities. By far, 8698 household
security systems, 3464 alarm systems, and
7303 CCTV surveillance systems were installed.
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
SECURITY CHECK & INSPECTION
To strengthen the self-protection capacity of
banks and jewelry shops, a check-list of security
facilities with 36 items were distributed to each
store/bank owner. The Police department also
inspect periodically to help the store owners
reduce the likelihood of victimization.
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN TAIPEI
CRIME STRATEGY MEETINGS
Taipei Police holds Crime Strategy Meetings
every other week. It is designed to help police
precincts target hot areas and hot criminals by
means of analyzing the patterns of crime with
computers, statistics, and mapping software.
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LESSONS LEARNED
• The greatest benefit of adopting community
policing is the regaining of people’s trust. In
Taipei, due to the economic recession and
political uncertainty, crime rates are actually
on the rise. However, when the community
sense the police’s efforts and sincere
engagement in the community policing, the
public bestow the police with full support.
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LESSONS LEARNED
•To avoid unnecessary resistance inside the
organization, the police department has to
incorporate the community policing
philosophy in all phases of training within the
police department on a regular basis. This
should include retraining of field skills/tactics
and community policing strategies.
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LESSONS LEARNED
•The Police Department should develop a
clearly and specifically defined vision and
mission statement through thorough
discussions and communications among the
members of the department. Without a clear
vision and mission statement, the strategies
and initiatives undertaken will have less
impact.
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LESSONS LEARNED
•Try to involve the stakeholders in the
community policing planning process: the
public, elected officials, the business
community, the media, etc. A well organized,
collaborative planning process is especially
critical to the success of implementation.
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LESSONS LEARNED
•The strong desire and support of the top
management must be obvious all the
time. The initiatives should be of
significant magnitude so that the entire
police department and the community are
aware of their accomplishment