comp 104: intro to unix week 3. review of last week unix file system structure file types and access...
TRANSCRIPT
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COMP 104: Intro to Unix
Week 3
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Review of Last Week
Unix file system structure File types and access permissions Create and use directories and files Edit files with vi Use the following Unix commands:
cd, chmod, cp, id, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, touch, umask, vi
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Agenda – Activity 1 Introduction to Unix Processes
Foreground Process Background Process Running Processes in the background
& character Suspending Processes
^Z special key Displaying suspended jobs
jobs command
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Agenda – Activity 1 Continued
Displaying status of processes ps command
Killing Processes kill, and kill –9 command
In Class Exercise
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Agenda – Activity 1 Continued
Standard Input and Output Redirection and Pipes
>, >>, <, | Common Unix Filters
grep, look, sort, spell, uniq, wc Demonstration of Unix Filters,
Redirection, and Pipes In Class Assignment
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Agenda – Activity 2
How to use WinSCP2 to transfer files from your PC to einstein.
Unix Utilities ftp telnet pine elm
Demonstration of Unix Utilities Break (10 minutes)
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Agenda – Activity 3
Review for Today’s Final Exam
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Agenda – Activity 4
Course Evaluation Break (10 minutes)
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Agenda – Activity 5
Take the Final Exam!
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Activity 1
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UNIX Processes
A PROCESS is a program that is executing.
Processes have Input and Output
There are two types of Processes Foreground Processes Background Processes
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Foreground Process
When running a FOREGROUND process, the shell waits for the program to finish
When the process is finished, you will be returned to the command prompt/export/home/morris07>
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Background Process
When running a BACKGROUND process, the shell starts the process, then leaves
This allows you to execute other commands at the command prompt
NOTE: Handy for programs that take a long time to run and do not need to run interactively.
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Running Processes in Background
Type an ampersand (&) after the command to run it in the background
> find . –name java > javaLocations.txt &
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Suspending Processes
You can SUSPEND a process by typing ^Z
This will pause the process temporarily. The process can be resumed in the Foreground or moved to the Background:
/export/home/morris07> fg [jobid]/export/home/morris07> bg [jobid]
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Displaying List of Suspended Jobs
/export/home/morris07> jobs…
[1] Stopped vi document[2] Stopped elm
-l option gives more information
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Displaying Status of Processes
Use ps to report the status of a process
/export/home/morris07>ps… PID TTY TIME CMD19834 pts/7 0:05 ksh19954 pts/7 0:04 ps
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Killing a Process
Use kill to terminate a process running in the background
/export/home/morris07>kill {process id}
This sends a signal to the process to end.
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That Process Won’t Die!!
The kill command waits for the process to perform cleanup: write to files, close files,etc.
If the process will not end, use the ‘-9’ or ‘-KILL’ to kill the process immediately
> kill –9 19954> kill –KILL 19954
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In Class Exercise1. Start vi /etc/motd2. In Command Mode type ^Z3. Type jobs -l to see any suspended jobs4. Type fg to bring last suspended job to
foreground.5. In Command Mode type ^Z6. Type jobs -l to see any suspended jobs7. Type kill {Process ID} to kill the process8. Type ps to get current list of processes9. If the process is still running, type ‘kill –9
{Process ID}10. Type ps to get current list of processes
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Question/Answer Session
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Standard Input and Output
command terminal standard output
standard inputcommandkeyboard
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Redirection and Pipes
Redirecting Standard Output to a File with: ‘>’, ‘>>’
ls –al > mylist (creates or overwrites file)
ls –al >> mylist (appends or creates file)
command terminal standard output
command file redirected output
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Redirection and Pipes
Redirecting Standard Output to a Command with: ‘|’
ls –al | more (passes output to command)
command terminal standard output
command redirected outputcommand
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Redirection and Pipes
Redirecting Standard Input from a File with: ‘<’
cat < file (passes file to command)
standard input
redirected inputcommand
commandkeyboard
file
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Filters
A FILTER is any program that reads from Standard Input and writes to Standard Output.
grepuniqlookspellsortwc
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Filters: grep
The grep command searches for the pattern specified and writes these lines to Standard Output.
grep [-cilnvw] pattern [file…]
> grep ‘Easy’ assignments.txt
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Demonstration - grep
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Filters: uniq
The uniq command examines data, looking for consecutive, duplicate lines.
uniq [-cdu] [infile [outfile]] uniq –d , retains one copy of all lines that are
duplicated uniq –u, retains only those lines that are not
duplicated. uniq –c, counts how many times each line is found.
> uniq document.txt
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Filters: look
The look command searches data in alphabetical order and will find lines that begin with a specified pattern (alphabetical characters only).
look [-df] pattern [file…]
>look Amer* Access the dictionary of correctly spelled words.
• Look is not really a filter and cannot be used within a pipeline. • File must be pre-sort file with –dfu options. I.e dictionary, fold,
unique.
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Filters: look
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Filters: spell
The spell command will read data and generate a list of all words that look as if they are misspelled. This is a very primitive spell checker.
spell [file…]
>spell document.txt
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Filters: spell
For example, Mispeel was not flagged
Adds standard prefixes and suffixes to words in dictionary
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Filters: sort
The sort command sorts data (using ASCII format).
sort [-dfnru] [infile…] [-o outfile]>sort names -o sorted_namesor>sort names > sorted_names
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Filters: sort
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Filters: sort
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Filters: wc
The wc command counts lines, words, and characters.
wc [-lwc] [file…]
> wc -l document.txt
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wc options
-c Count bytes.-m Count characters.-C Same as -m.-l Count lines.-w Count words delimited by
white space characters or new line characters.
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In Class Assignment
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Question/Answer Session
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Activity 2
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Transferring files to einstein from your PC
WinSCP3 is software that provides secure FTP (File Transfer Protocol), which allows you to transfer files to and from a PC (freeware) Required for secure FTP to/from the class
Unix server einstein. Required for secure FTP from a remote
location, such as your home or your office Download WinSCP3and view directions at the
CLAS Lab Reference Manual web page: http://www.franklin.edu/programs/comp/resources/claslab/index_html/view
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Transferring files to einstein from your PC
Locate the WinSCP3 icon on your desktop and double click to open.
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Transferring files to einstein from your PC
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Transferring files to einstein from your PC
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Transferring files to einstein from your PC
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UNIX Utilities: ftp
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows you to transfer files to and from a remote network site (machine).
ftp [-dgintv] [hostname]
> ftp einstein.franklin.edu
Uses put and get commands to send and receive files.Type bin for setting binary transfer modeType prompt, to turn off promptingType ls, or dir for a directory listing
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UNIX Utilities: telnet
Telnet is a user interface to a remote system using the TELNET protocol.
telnet [-8ELcdr] [hostname]
> telnet einstein.franklin.edu
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UNIX Utilities: e-mail
Two most popular mail programs are elm and pine.
Note: Most Unix systems still have the “more basic” e-mail package called mail
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pine
The pine program has a menu-driven interface and is quite simple to use. One advantage of pine over elm is that it is very simple to include attachments.
> pine
- Follow the prompts in the menu
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elm
The elm program is the mail utility that is most often used. It is more difficult to use, but more powerful. It uses vi to compose messages.
> elm
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Question/Answer Session
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Break (10 Minutes)
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Activity 3
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Final Review: Week 1
History of Unix Unix design philosophy The Unix shell, variables and options Unix commands: alias, cat, date, echo, exit, finger,
hostname, login, lp, ls, man, more, passwd, set, setenv, uname, wc, whatis, whereis, who, whoami
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Final Review: Week 2
Unix file system structure File types and access permissions Create and use directories and files Edit files with vi (try on your
command line) Use the following Unix commands:
cd, chmod, cp, id, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, touch, umask, vi
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Final Review: Week 3
Unix processes Redirection, pipes, and filters Unix utilities (e-mail, ftp, telnet) Use the following Unix commands:
elm, ftp, grep, jobs, kill, look, pine, ps, sort, spell, telnet, uniq, wc
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Final Exam PoliciesExam Information
Prohibited Items:
No Books No Notes No Dictionary No Calculator No Laptop No Access to any computers No Writing or scratch paper (extra paper will be supplied with the
exam)
Allowed Items:
Writing instrument.
One hour in length allowed for taking the exam.
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Activity 4
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Please complete the course evaluation Need a student volunteer to collect and take
the evaluations to faculty services. 10 minute break after evaluation is complete.
Course Evaluation
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Break (10 Minutes)
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Activity 5
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Good Luck Everyone!!
Final Examination