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HeadwordPronunciationPart of speechPage number in Student's BookDefinitionExample sentenceItalian translationUnit 1adventurousdven.tr.sadjective13willing to try new or difficult things, or exciting and often dangerous thingsI'm trying to be more adventurous with my cooking.avventurosoambitiousmb.sadjective12having a strong wish to be successful, powerful or richShe's an ambitious, hard-working young lawyer. ambiziosoartisticts.tkadjective13able to create or enjoy artHis friends are all artistic - they're painters, musicians and writers.artistico, dotato di vena artisticabossy bs.iadjective12describes someone who is always telling people what to doDon't be so bossy!prepotente, autoritariobotherb.verb11to make someone feel worried or upsetIm used to the noise now and it doesnt bother me.infastidire, disturbarecatch up onkt p nphrasal verb11to learn or discuss the latest news or eventsIt's good to catch up on the days events with friends.aggiornarsi, mettersi al correntecautiousk.sadjective13describes someone who avoids risksHe's a cautious driver.prudente, cautochallenging tl.ndadjective11difficult, in a way that tests your ability or determinationI'd like a more challenging and satisfying job.stimolante, impegnativocheekyti.kiadjective13slightly rude or showing no respect, but often in a funny wayShe's got such a cheeky grin.impertinente, insolentechildishtal.dadjective12(disapproving) If an adult is childish, they behave in a way that would be expected of a child.He wasn't enjoying the occasion so he thought he'd spoil it for everyone else - it was very childish of him.infantile, puerileclientkla.ntnoun11a customer or someone who receives servicesMy work involves meeting the public and dealing with client queries.clientecompetitivekmpet..tvadjective13wanting very much to win or be more successful than other peopleYou're very competitive - it's meant to be a friendly match!competitivodashdnoun11when you run somewhere very quickly you 'make a dash for it'There was a mad dash for the exit.corsa velocedepressingdpresadjective11making you feel unhappy and without hope for the futureI find this weather so depressing.deprimenteemotionalm.n.ladjective13having and expressing strong feelingsShe became very emotional when I told her she was going to be a grandmother.emozionato, commossoenergeticen.det.kadjective13having or involving a lot of energyShe's usually very energetic and full of fun.energico, pieno di energiaexhausted zstdadjective11extremely tiredIm feeling too exhausted to go out this evening.esausto, strematofascinating fs..ne.tadjective11extremely interestingThere are such fascinating people here!affascinantefoolishfu.ladjective13unwise, stupid or not showing good judgmentThat was a rather foolish thing to do.sciocco, stupidograbrbverb11to take the opportunity to get, use or enjoy something quicklyI usually just grab a quick lunch when I'm working.afferrare, prenderegreedyri.diadjective13wanting a lot more food, money, etc. than you need Some people are so greedy and selfish!goloso, ingordohead forhed fphrasal verb11to go in a particular directionHe was heading for the gym when I bumped into him.dirigersi versoirritating r.te.tadjective9making you feel annoyedThe way she speaks is very irritating.irritante, fastidiosomake up formek p fphrasal verb11to take the place of something lost or damaged or to compensate for something bad with something goodI make up for lost sleep by having a short nap during the day.compensare, recuperareoptimisticp.tms.tkadjective12hopeful; believing that good things will happen in the futureShe is optimistic about her chances of winning a gold medal.ottimistapeakpiknoun11the highest, strongest or best point, value or level of skillWe saw a victory by an athlete at the very peak of her fitness and career.culmine, apicequerykw.rinoun11a question, often expressing doubt about something or looking for an answerIf you have any queries about your treatment, the doctor will answer them.domanda, quesitorefreshed rfretadjective11less hot or tiredI feel so refreshed after that cup of tea.rinvigorito, riposatorollrlverb11to move somewhere easily and without sudden movements; to move somewhere by turning in a circular direction, or to make something move this wayMy son rolled out of bed at about midday.rotolarescheduleed.ulnoun11a list of planned activities or things to be done showing the times or dates when they are intended to happen or be doneI have no spare time and have to keep to a very tight schedule.programma, pianosensitivesent.s.tvadjective12easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed or angry; understanding what other people need, and being helpful and kind to themHer reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism.sensibile, suscettibilesympatheticsm.pet.kadjective14describes someone who shows, especially by what they say, that they understand and care about someone's sufferingHe suffers from back trouble too, so he was very sympathetic about my problem.comprensivo, compassionevoletasktsknoun8a piece of work to be doneHis first task at work is to answer any early-morning emails.compitothoughtful t.fladjective12kind and always thinking about how you can help other peopleShe is always so thoughtful and willing to help.premuroso, attento, riguardosounsurprisinglyn.spra.zliadverb11used to say that something is not unusual or unexpectedOliver works at home and, unsurprisingly, is a late riser.non sorprendentemente, come si poteva prevedereUnit 2at ease t izexpression17relaxedElisa is worried and doesnt look at all at ease.a proprio agioat first sight t fst satexpression21when you first see someone or something When they met it was love at first sight.a prima vistabalanced diet bl.ntst datnoun17a combination of the correct types and amounts of foodWe are changing to a balanced diet of healthy, freshly cooked food.alimentazione equilibrata, alimentazione bilanciatabargain b.nnoun17something on sale at a lower price than its true valueShe always knows the best times to pick up a bargain.occasione, affare vantaggiosobe attracted to b trktd tuphrase21If you are attracted by or to someone, you like themShe was not really attracted to him at all.essere attrato dabreak offbrek fphrasal verb21to end a relationshipShe decided to break off her engagement. lasciarsi, rompere una relazionebreak somebodys heartbrek sm.b.diz htphrase21to make someone who loves you very sad, usually by telling them you have stopped loving themHe's broken a lot of girls' hearts.spezzare il cuore a qualcunocatering ke.tr.noun18the activities involved in preparing and providing food and drinkFirst I went to catering college, in the autumn of 2001.ristorazione, cateringchoptpverb18to cut something into pieces with an axe, knife or other sharp instrumentHe was chopping wood in the yard.tagliare, spaccareconsumeknsjumverb18to eat or drink, especially a lot of somethingHe consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal.consumareget on somebodys nerves et n sm.b.diz nvzphrase21to annoy someone a lotHis bossy, impatient manner started getting on her nerves.dare ai nervi, infastidirego off fphrasal verb18If food or drink goes off, it is not good to eat or drink any more because it is too old.This cheese smells a bit funny - do you think it's gone off?andare a male, guastarsiheat up hit pphrasal verb17to make something hot or warm, or to become hot or warmI usually just heat up a ready meal for dinner.scaldare, riscaldarein seasonn si.znphrase18If fruit and vegetables are in season, they are being produced in the area and are available and ready to eatFruit is cheaper when it's in season.di stagionejunk food dk fudnoun17food that is unhealthy but is quick and easy to eatHe eats nothing but junk food.cibo spazzatura, junk foodkeep somebody companykip sm.b.di km.p.niphrase21to stay with someone so that they are not aloneI'll keep you company till the train comes.tenere compagnia a qualcunoleave somebody aloneliv sm.b.di lnphrase21to stop speaking to or annoying someoneLeave me alone! I'm trying to work.lasciare in pace, lasciare starelive on lv nphrasal verb17to only eat a particular type of foodMany poorer people live mainly on rice. vivere di sololose touch luz ttphrasal verb21to stop communicating with someone, usually because they do not live near you nowWe both went away to university and sadly we lost touch with each other.perdere contattoportion p.nnoun17the amount of a particular food that is served to one person, especially in a restaurant or a shop which sells food ready to be eatenI ordered six portions of chicken.porzionepropose to prpz tuphrasal verb21to ask someone to marry youI remember the night your father proposed to me.chiedere la mano, fare una proposta di matrimonioriperapadjective18(of fruit or crops) completely developed and ready to be collected or eatenThose bananas aren't ripe yet - they're still green.maturoskip skpverb17not to do or not to have something that you usually do or that you should doSkipping meals is not a healthy way to lose weight.saltaresliceslasverb18to cut something into thin, flat piecesSlice the mushrooms thinly and fry in butter.affettare, tagliare a fetteson-in-law sn.n.lnoun21your daughter's husbandWe are very fond of our son-in-law.generostarving stvadjective17very hungryLet's get something to eat, Im starving!affamato, che muore di fametake somebody/something for grantedtek sm.b.di smp. f rntdphrase21If you take situations or people for granted, you do not realise or show that you are grateful for how much you get from them.She felt he was taking her for granted.dare qualcuno/qualcosa per scontatotough tfadjective18describes food that is difficult to cut or eatThis steak is very tough.duroUnit 3along withl wexpression29in addition to someone or something elseCalifornia, along with Florida and Hawaii, is among the most popular US tourist destinations.insieme aashamed ofemd vexpression29feeling guilty or embarrassed about something you have doneHe was ashamed to admit to his mistake.che prova vergogna, che si vergogna diassociated withs.ie.td wexpression29connected in your mind with someone or something elseFor many people, holidays are associated with reading.associato concapable of ke.p.bl vexpression29having the ability, power or qualities to be able to do somethingOnly the Democratic Party is capable of running the country.in grado di, capace diconscious ofkn.ts vexpression26aware that a particular thing or person exists or is presentI think she's very conscious of being the youngest in the family.consapevole di, conscio dicruise kruznoun24a journey on a large ship for pleasure, during which you visit several placesWe're hoping to go on a cruise next year.crocierafamiliar withfml.i. wexpression29knowing something or someone wellI'm sorry, I'm not familiar with your poetry.pratico di, versato in, competente in, a conoscenza difed up withfed p wexpression29bored, annoyed or disappointed, especially by something that you have experienced for too longI'm fed up with my job.stufo di, che non ne pu piget awayet..wephrasal verb26to go somewhere to have a holiday, often because you need to restI just need to get away for a few days.andare via, andarsenehave nothing to do withhv n. tu du wphrase2to have no connection or influence with someone or somethingIn the evening he likes to read books and articles which have/are nothing to do with his work.non avere niente a che fare conin connection withn knek.n wexpression29on the subject of somethingThey want to talk to you in connection with an unpaid tax bill.in relazione ain need ofn nid vexpression29having to have something that you do not haveAre you in need of help?bisognoso di, che ha bisogno diin place ofn ples vexpression29instead of someone or somethingYou can use margarine in place of butter in some recipes.invece diin relation ton rle.n tuexpression29in connection with somethingShe used the map to discover where she was in relation to her surroundings.riguardo ain response ton rspnts tuexpression29as an answer or reaction to somethingManagement have granted a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.in risposta ain terms ofn tmz vexpression29used to describe which particular area of a subject you are discussingIn terms of money, I was better off in my last job.in termini diin view ofn vju vexpression29because of a particular thing, or considering a particular factIn view of what you've said, I think we should reconsider our proposed course of action.visto involved innvlvd nexpression29included in somethingIt would be difficult not to involve the child's father in the arrangements.coinvolto inmeans of transportminz v trntsptphrase27a way of travellingPeople can choose their own means of transport such as travelling by rail.mezzo di trasportono sign ofn san vexpression29If there is no sign of someone or something, you cannot see them.I've searched for my hat, but there's no sign of it anywhere.nessun segno diobliged tobladd tuexpression29 forced to do something or feeling that you must do somethingShe feels obliged to be nice to Jack because he's her boss.obbligato a, costretto aobsessed withbsest wexpression29unable to stop thinking about something; too interested in or worried about somethingWhy are people so obsessed with money?ossessionato conprepared toprped tuexpression29willing, or happy to agree to do somethingPeople are not really prepared to talk about these kinds of personal problems.disposto a, pronto arequired torkwad tuexpression29when it is necessary for you to do somethingYou are required by law to stop your car after an accident.tenuto asensitive tosent.s.tv tuexpression29easily upset by the things people say or doHer reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism.sensibile asort ofst vexpression29one of a group of things which are of the same type or which share similar qualitiesThis sort of camera is very expensive.sorta di, tipo dibe supposed tob spzd tuverb29to be expected to be something; to be considered by many people to be something; intended or expected to.These batteries are supposed to last for a year.presumere che, aspettarsi chethanks toks tuexpression29because of someone or somethingIt's thanks to Sandy that I heard about the job.grazie athe trouble withi trb.l wexpression29used to say what is wrong with someone or somethingThe trouble with this carpet is that it gets dirty very easily.il problema ditour operatort p.re.tnoun26a company that makes arrangements for travel and places to stay, often selling these together as package holidaysShe co-founded the nation's largest tour operator for foreigners visiting the USA.operatore turisticotrekking treknoun24the activity of walking long distances, usually over land such as hills, mountains or forestsThey enjoy active holidays such as trekking or sailing.trekkingvoyagev.dnoun24a long journey, especially by shipHe was a young sailor on his first sea voyage.viaggiowanderwn.dverb24to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or directionWe spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city.passeggiare, girare, girovagarewith regard tow rd tuexpression29in connection withI am writing to you with regard to your letter of 15 March.riguardo aUnit 4absurdbzdadjective38stupid or unreasonable; silly in a humorous wayWhat an absurd thing to say!assurdobizarrebzadjective38very strange and unusuala bizarre situationbizzarrobother b.verb35to make the effort to do somethingI didnt bother to check the time.preoccuparsi, prendersi la briga dibreathtakingbrete.kadjective38extremely exciting, beautiful or surprisingThe view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.mozzafiato, strabiliantecastkstnoun32the actors in a film, play or showAfter the final performance, the director threw a party for the whole cast.castcount onkant nphrasal verb33to be confident that you can depend on someoneYou can always count on Michael in a crisis.contare su, fare affidamento sudelightfuldlat.fladjective38very pleasant, attractive or enjoyableOur new neighbours are delightful.piacevole, incantevoledepend ondpend nphrasal verb33to trust someone or something and know that they will help you or do what you want or expect them to doI'm depending on you to keep your promise.fare affidamento su, dipendere dadreadfuldred.fladjective38very bad, of very low quality, or shocking and very sadThe food was bad and the service was dreadful.pessimo, orrendoentertainingen.ttenadjective32funny and enjoyableIt's a really entertaining play.divertenteexceptionalksep.n.ladjective38much greater than usual, especially in skill, intelligence, quality, etc.She has an exceptional talent for singing.eccezionalefinefanadjective38excellent or much better than averageThis is a very fine painting.eccellente, di qualit superiorefocus onf.ks nphrasal verb33to give a lot of attention to one particular person, subject or thingTonight's programme focuses on the way that homelessness affects the young.concentrarsi su, focalizzarsi sugo on nphrasal verb35to continue We really can't go on living like this - we'll have to find a bigger house. continuareimpressivempres.vadjective38If an object or achievement is impressive, you admire or respect it, usually because it is special, important or very large.There are some very impressive buildings in the town.di grande effetto, che colpiscelog onl nphrasal verb33to connect a computer to a computer system by typing your name, so that you can start workingLog on using your name and password.connettersi, collegarsilyricslr.ksphrase32the words of a song, especially a pop songPaul Simon writes the lyrics for most of his songs.parole, testomovingmuvadjective38causing strong feelings of sadness or sympathyThat was a very moving story.commoventemysteriousmst.ri.sadjective38strange, not known or not understoodThere's something very mysterious about her.misterioso, enigmaticooutstandingatstn.dadjective38excellent; clearly very much better than what is usualWhat an outstanding performance!eccezionaleplotpltnoun37the story of a book, film, play, etc.The plot was so complicated that none of us could follow it.tramapoorpadjective32not good, being of a very low quality, quantity or standardThe quality of writing was very poor.scadenteregret rretverb35to feel sorry about a situation, especially something sad or wrong or a mistake that you have madeI regret saying that I didn't trust her.essere spiacente, rammaricarsirely onrla nphrasal verb32to need a particular thing or the help and support of someone or something in order to continue, to work correctly, or to succeedI rely on you for good advice.fare affidamento suremarkablerm.k.bladjective38unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioningNelson Mandela is a truly remarkable man.singolare, egregio, straordinarioscenesinnoun32a part of a play or film in which the action stays in one placeWhat is your favouite scene in the film?scenasetsetverb32If a story, film, etc. is set in a particular time or place, the action in it happens in that time or place.'West Side Story' is set in New York in the late 1950s.setshottnoun32a short piece in a film in which there is a single action or a short series of actionsThe film begins with a long tracking shot.ripresasolos.lnoun32a musical performance done by one person alone, or a musical performance in which one person is given special attentionShe plans to sing a solo at the end of the concert.assolosoundtracksand.trknoun32the sounds, especially the music, of a film, or a separate recording of thisThe best thing about the film is its soundtrack.colonna sonorasuperbsupbadjective38of excellent quality; very greatHe is a superb dancer.magnifico, eccellentetend tendverb35to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristicWe tend to get cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country.tendere atensetentsadjective38If a situation is tense, it causes feelings of worry or nervousness.I enjoy reading tense thrillers.carico di tensione, tesothemeimnoun38the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc.The theme of loss runs through most of his novels.tematremendoustrmen.dsadjective38very great in amount or level, or extremely goodYou won? That's tremendous!straordinario, formidabileworkwknoun32something created as a result of effort, especially a painting, book or piece of musicThe museum has many works by Picasso as well as other modern painters.opera, lavoroUnit 5academick.dem.kadjective40relating to schools, colleges and universities, or connected with studying and thinking, not with practical skillsShe has lots of impressive academic qualifications.accademicoacquirekwaverb43to get somethingI'd like to acquire some new skills.acquisirecommercekm.snoun44the activities involved in buying and selling thingsShe 's hoping to get a job in commerce.commercioconsultantknsl.tntnoun47someone who advises people on a particular subjectI work as a financial consultant.consulentecurrentkr.ntadjective43of the present timeMy current post is a job in local government.attuale, corrente, presentedemandingdmndadjective43needing a lot of time, attention or energyThe work is demanding but very rewarding.impegnativo, faticoso, arduodoubledb.lverb43to become twice as much or as many, or to make something twice as much or manyI will double my income if I get this new job.raddoppiaredutydu.tinoun44something that you have to do because it is part of your job, or something that you feel is the right thing to doThe duty of the agency is to act in the best interests of the child.dovereearnings.nzplural noun44the amount of money that someone is paid for the work they doAverage earnings for skilled workers are rising.retribuzione, salariogainenverb43to increase in weight, speed, height or amountHoliday work is a good way to gain experience.guadagnaregraduaterd.ju.tnoun40 a person who has a first degree from a university or collegeNearly one in five graduates are still looking for their first job.laureatohighlyhaliadverb43very, to a large degree, or at a high levelIt's highly unlikely I'll ever go to the moon.estremamente, moltoinstitutionnt.sttju.nnoun44a large and important organisation, such as a university or bankOxford and Cambridge are two of the best known academic institutions in the UK.istituzioneinventornven.tnoun41someone who has invented something or whose job is to invent thingsHe's famous inventor.inventorelecturerlek.tr.noun41someone who teaches at a college or universityShe is a senior lecturer at the university.docente universitariomanagementmn.d.mntnoun43the group of people responsible for controlling and organising a company; the control and organisation of something Management has/have offered staff a 3% pay increase.direzionemanufacturingmn.jfk.tr.noun44the business of producing goods in large numbersJobs in manufacturing will be affected by the new laws.produzione, fabbricazionemotivatedm.tve.tdadjective43wanting to do something well You'll need to be highly motivated to succeed.motivatonovelistnv.l.stnoun41a person who writes novelsShe is now a famous novelist.romanziere, scrittore di romanzioperatorp.re.tnoun41someone whose job is to use and control a machine or vehicleYou'll need to contact a computer operator.operatoreovertime.v.tamadverb44(time spent working) after the usual time needed or expected in a jobThey're working overtime to get the job finished on time.straordinario, lavoro straordinariopositionpz.nnoun43a jobShe applied for a position in the firm that I work for.posto, caricaproductionprdk.nnoun44the process of making or growing goods to be soldThis new type of electric car will go into production next year.produzionequalifykwl..faverb40to successfully finish a training course so that you are able to do a job; to have or achieve the necessary skills, etc.She hopes to qualify as a lawyer at the end of the year.qualificarsi, ottenere il titolo diroughlyrfliadverb43approximatelyI know roughly how much money it costs.pressapoco, grosso modo, all'incircaseminarsem..nnoun40an occasion when a teacher or expert and a group of people meet to study and discuss somethingStudents are required to attend the weekly seminar.seminarioshortlytliadverb43soonShortly after midnight I heard a noise.presto, subito doposupplierspla.noun41a company, person, etc. that provides things that people want or need, especially over a long period of timeThey used to be a leading supplier of military equipment.fornitoretake ontek nphrasal verb43to accept a particular job or responsibility; to employThe new job means taking on a lot of new responsibilities.assumersi, accollarsitake out a loantek at e lnphrase43to borrow a sum of money, often from a bank, which has to be paid back, usually together with an extra amount of money that you have to pay as a charge for borrowingWe had to take out a large loan to buy our house.contrarre un prestitotake overtek.vphrasal verb43to get control of a company by buying most of its sharesThere are rumours that a major corporation is considering taking the firm over.rilevaretake uptek.pphrasal verb43to start doing a particular job or activityHe's taken up the post of supervisor.assumere la caricathesisi.ssnoun40a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done for a higher college or university degreeI'm planning to write a thesis on Shakespeare's tragedies.tesitutortju.tnoun40a teacher who works with one student or a small group, either at a British college or university or in the home of a childIm meeting my personal tutor on Wednesday.tutor, docenteunlikenlakpreposition43different from someone or somethingUnlike you, I'm not a great dancer.a differenza diUnit 6competitivekmpet..tvadjective54involving competitionHe likes taking part in competitive sports.competitivodivingdavnoun52the sport of jumping into water or swimming under waterI enjoy diving and swimming.tuffi, immersionieat upit pphrasal verb51to eat all the food that you have been givenBe a good boy and eat up your vegetables.finire di mangiarefacilityfsl..tinoun54a place, especially including buildings, where a particular activity happensWe have facilities for a wide range of indoor and outdoor sports.struttura, impiantohelmethel.mtnoun52a strong hard hat that covers and protects the headIt is essential to wear helmets for certain sports.cascoillnessl.nsnoun48a disease of the body or mindShe died after a long illness.malattiainfectionnfek.nnoun48a disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria or a virusCertain insect bites can lead to serious infections.infezioneinjuryn.dr.inoun48physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attackDo you have any health problems or injuries at the moment?lesione, infortuniomedalmed.lnoun51a small metal disc, with words or a picture on it, which is given as a reward for winning a sports competitionLaura won her first medal when she was 14.medagliapitchptnoun52an area painted with lines for playing particular sports, especially footballA supporter ran onto the football pitch.camposlopeslpnoun52a surface or piece of land that is high at one end and low at the otherSnow had settled on some of the higher slopes.pendiosmellsmelnoun48the ability to notice or discover that a substance is present by using your noseDogs have a very good sense of smell.olfatto, odorato, fiuto, odorespeak upspik pphrasal verb51to speak in a louder voice so that people can hear youCould you speak up? We can't hear at the back.parlare a voce altaspectatorspekte.tnoun53a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking partThe spectators began to cheer loudly.spettatoresum upsm pphrasal verb51to describe or express the important facts or characteristics about something or someoneTo sum up, it's been a pleasure working with you.riassumere, ricapitolaretastetestnoun48the flavour of something, or the ability of a person or animal to recognise different flavoursI love the taste of garlic.gusto, saporethermometermm..tnoun48a device used for measuring temperature, especially of the air or in a person's bodyAlways use a reliable thermometer.termometrotouchttnoun48the ability to know what something is like by feeling it with the fingersOur sense of touch develops at a very young age.tattotreatmenttrit.mntnoun48the use of drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person of an illness or injuryPerhaps it's time to try a new course of treatment.trattamentouse upjuz pphrasal verb51to finish a supply of somethingDon't use up all the milk, we need some for breakfast.finire, esaurire, consumarewoundwundnoun48a damaged area of the body, such as a cut or hole in the skin or flesh made by a weaponHe had a gunshot wound in his leg.feritaUnit 7acid rain s.d rennoun56rain which contains large amounts of harmful chemicals as a result of burning substances such as coal and oilAcid rain has harmful effects on plants and animals.pioggia acidaalternativelt.n.tvnoun59something that is different from something else, especially from what is usual, and offering the possibility of choiceThey want to find an alternative to burning coal.alternativabear in mind be n mandverb61to remember a piece of information when you are making a decision or thinking about a matterWhen we decide what to do, well need to bear in mind the cost.tenere presentechemical kem..klnoun59any basic substance which is used in or produced by a reaction involving changes to atoms or moleculesEach year, factories release millions of tonnes of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere.sostanza chimica, prodotto chimicoclimate changekla.mt tendnoun56the way the world's weather is changingScientists are trying to establish how human activity affects climate change.cambiamento climaticoconservation knt.sve.nnoun56the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activityShe's very interested in wildlife conservation.conservazione, salvaguardiacut down on kt dan nphrasal verb59to do less of something or use something in smaller amountsI'm trying to cut down on coffee.ridurredevice dvasnoun58an object or machine which has been invented for a particular purposeRescuers used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings.dispositivodisposaldsp.zlnoun59when you get rid of something, especially by throwing it awayManufacturers of electronic goods need to ensure their safe disposal.smaltimentoextremekstrimadjective56very severe or badThey have special clothing to protect them against extreme weather conditions.estremofreezing frizadjective56extremely coldAmelia wasnt wearing a coat, despite the freezing weather.gelido, freddissimofrostfrstnoun56a period of time in which air temperature is below the freezing point of water, or the white, powdery layer of ice which forms in these conditions, especially outside at nightThere was a frost last night.brina, gelogenerateden.r.etverb59to cause something to existThe new development will generate 1500 new jobs.generareglobal warming l.bl wmnoun56a gradual increase in world temperatures caused by polluting gases such as carbon dioxide which are collecting in the air around the Earth and preventing heat escaping into spaceGlobal warming is destroying the Earths beautiful rainforests.riscaldamento globalehi-tech/high-tech ha tek ha tekadjective58using the most advanced and developed machines and methodsThis weapons system is an affordable, hi-tech solution.high-tech, di alta tecnologiain alln lexpression61with everything added together to make a totalIn all, there were 20 volunteers working on the project.in tuttoin doubt n datexpression61If the future or success of someone or something is in doubt, it is unlikely to continue or to be successful.Spending cuts mean that the future of the tree-planting scheme is now in doubt.in dubbioin due course n du ksexpression61at a suitable time in the futureThe results of the enquiry will be made known in due course.a tempo debitoin practice n prk.tsexpression59in reality rather than what is meant to happenIn practice, the new regulations have done little to reduce waste.in praticain progressn prresexpression61happening or being done nowWork is in progress on a series of new wind power schemes.in corsoin the long term n i l tmexpression61for a long period of time in the futureRising sea levels will do terrible damage in the long term.a lungo terminein the meantime n i mintamexpression61until something expected happens, or while something else is happeningIts 9.15 and my appointment isnt until 10. In the meantime, Ill text my friends.nel frattempoindustrial wastends.tri.l westphrase56unwanted matter or material caused by the process of producing things in a factory It is forbidden to dump industrial waste in the river.rifiuti industrialimildmaldadjective56describes weather that is not very cold or not as cold as usualWe've had a mild winter this year.mite, temperatomistmstnoun56thin fog produced by very small drops of water collecting in the air just above an area of ground or waterThe mountain villages seem to be permanently shrouded in mist.foschia, nebbiolinaplay a part in ple e pt nphrase60to help to achieve somethingEveryone should play a part in helping to conserve areas of natural beauty.contribuire apoisonousp.zn.sadjective56very harmful and able to cause illness or deathCan you tell the difference between poisonous mushrooms and edible varieties?velenosoprocessprsesverb59to prepare, change or treat food or raw materials as a part of an industrial operationThey live near a a waste processing plant.lavorare, trasformareregulationre.jle.nnoun59an official rule that controls how something is doneThe new regulations have done little to reduce waste.regolamentoseveresvadjective56causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc; very seriousHe is suffering from a severe chest infection.graveshelterel.tnoun56(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger or attackIt was fortunate that I found a place to take shelter.riparosolar powers.l pa.noun56electricity produced by using the energy from the sunWe now produce much of their energy from wind and solar power.energia solaresubstancesb.stntsnoun58material with particular physical characteristicsMost of these substances are completely harmless.sostanzasubstitutesb.st.tjutnoun59a thing or person that is used instead of another thing or personTofu can be used as a meat substitute in vegetarian recipes.sostitutotoxic tk.skadjective58poisonousWe need to find better ways of disposing of toxic waste.tossicotropical stormtrp.kl stmnoun56an extreme weather condition with very strong winds and heavy rain that forms over tropical oceansThe news report warned that a tropical storm was on its way.tempesta tropicaleUnit 8absorb bzbverb67to take something in, especially graduallyPlants absorb carbon dioxide.assorbireanti-virus n.tiva.rsadjective69produced and used to protect the main memory of a computer against infection by a virusIm going to run the anti-virus software on the computer.anti-virusapplicationp.lke.nnoun69a computer program that is designed for a particular purposeDo you use spreadsheet applications for your work?applicazioneatom t.mnoun66the smallest unit of any chemical element, consisting of a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons. Atoms can combine to form a molecule.A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) has one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.atomobookmarkbk.mknoun69a record of the address of an internet document on your computer so that you can find it again easilyKeep this site as a bookmark.bookmark, preferitobreakthrough brek.runoun66an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problemScientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer.svolta, passo avanti, conquistabroadbandbrd.bndnoun64a system that makes it possible for many messages or large amounts of information to be sent at the same time and very quickly between computers or other electronic devicesInternet connection via broadband offers many advantages.banda larga, broadbandbrowsebrazverb69to look at information on the InternetI decided to spend some time browsing some websites.navigare, scorrerebugbnoun69a mistake or problem in a computer programA bug caused the company's computer system to crash.bug, bacocarbon dioxide k.bn dak.sadnoun66the gas formed when carbon is burned, or when people or animals breathe outIt is important to have laws restricting carbon dioxide emissions.anidride carbonicacarbon monoxidek.bn mnk.sadnoun66the poisonous gas formed by the burning of carbon, especially in the form of car fuelThere is an alarm which warns if there is too much carbon monoxide in the air.monossido di carboniocasually k.ju.liadverb65in a way that shows you do not find something difficult or importantWe write emails as casually as we make a phone call these days.con naturalezza, casualmentecellselnoun66the smallest basic unit of a plant or animalWe took turns to study a cell through a microscope.cellulachargetdverb69to put electricity into an electrical device such as a batteryShe drove the car round the block to charge (up) its batteries.caricarecrashkrverb69If a computer or system crashes, it suddenly stops operating.My laptop's crashed again.andare in crashdatade.tnoun69information, especially facts or numbers, collected to be examined and considered and used to help decision-making, or information in an electronic form that can be stored and processed by a computerThe data was/were collected by various researchers.datidatabase de.t.besnoun64a large amount of information stored in a computer system in such a way that it can be easily looked at or changedWe're linked to the on-line database at our head office.databasedesktopdesk.tpnoun64a type of computer that is small enough to fit on the top of a deskI've got a new desktop at work.desktopdisplaydspleverb69to show on a computer screenYou can display several documents on the screen at the same time.visualizzareelementel..mntnoun66a simple substance which cannot be reduced to smaller chemical parts, e.g. hydrogenAluminium is an element.elementofaintfentadjective69not strong or clear; slightI heard a faint sound coming from outside.lieve, debole, fievoleinstant messaging nt.stnt mes.dnoun64a type of service available on the Internet that allows you to exchange written messages with someone else who is using the service at the same timeDo you have instant messaging on your phone?messaggistica istantanea, instant messaginginteract n.trktverb64to communicate with or react toSocial networking sites have transformed the way we interact with our friends.interagirelaunchlntverb69to send something out, such as a new ship to sea or a rocket into spaceA spokesman for the dockyard said they hoped to launch the first submarine within two years.lanciareprovepruvverb69to show that something is trueThey suspected that she'd killed him but they could never actually prove that it was her.provare, dimostrarerun rnverb69If you run a computer program, you use it on your computer.We've run the computer program, but nothing happens.eseguiresatellitest.l.atnoun69a device sent up into space to travel round the Earth, used for collecting information or communicating by radio, television, etc.They have satellite television in their house.satellitesocial networking s.l net.wknoun64the activity of sharing information and communicating with groups of people using the Internet, especially through websites that are specially designed for this purposeDo you use any of the social networking sites?social networkspreadsheet spred.itnoun64a computer program, used especially in business, which allows you to do financial calculations and plansIt's a good idea to put all your data into a spreadsheet.spreadsheet, foglio elettronicotest tube test.tjubnoun66a small glass tube, with one closed and rounded end, which is used in scientific experimentsRows of test tubes stood against the wall.provettatheory.rinoun69a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas which are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanationDarwin's theory of evolution had a huge effect when it was published.teoriatimestamzadverb69multiplied byTwo times two equals four (2 x 2 = 4).(moltiplicato) pertone of voice tn v vsnoun65a quality in the voice which expresses the speaker's feelings or thoughts, often towards the person being spoken toRemember to use a calm tone of voice.tono di voceundo nduverb65to remove the good or bad effects of an action or several actionsIt is now impossible to undo any of the harm the internet has caused.annullare, disfareupdate pdetnoun65new informationJo's just doing an update on the mailing list.aggiornamentowave wevnoun67the pattern in which some types of energy, such as sound, light and heat, are spread or carriedYour microwave dinner is heated by radio waves.ondaUnit 9admirationd.mre.nnoun75when you admire someone or somethingMy admiration for that woman grows daily.ammirazionebroadcastingbrd.kstnoun72when programmes are sent out on television or radioHuge amounts of money are spent on sports broadcasting.trasmissionecommercialkm.lnoun72an advertisement which is broadcast on television or radioThere are just too many commercials on TV these days.spot televisivocurrent affairskr.nt fezplural noun72political news about events happening nowThey enjoy listening to radio programmes about current affairs.attualiteditored..tnoun72a person who corrects or changes pieces of text or films before they are printed or shown, or a person who is in charge of a newspaper or magazineShe's a senior editor in the reference department of a publishing company.curatore, editor, tecnico di montaggioencouragementnkr.d.mntnoun77when someone talks or behaves in a way that gives you confidence to do somethingChildren need lots of encouragement from their parents.incoraggiamentoepisodeep..sdnoun72one of the single parts into which a story is divided, especially when it is broadcast on the television or radioI can't wait to watch the next episode!episodiogossip columns.p kl.mnoun72the part of a newspaper in which you find stories about the social and private lives of famous peopleShe writes a gossip column for a daily newspaper.rubrica di cronaca rosa, rubrica degli avvenimenti mondaniheadlines hed.lanzplural noun72the lines of words printed in large letters as the title of a story in a newspaper, or the main points of the news that are broadcast on television or radioHe hit the countrys headlines when he sailed solo across the Pacific.titolimake a name for oneselfmek e nem f wnselfphrase75to become famous or respected by a lot of peopleHe's made a name for himself as a talented journalist.farsi un nome, affermarsimicrophonema.kr.fnnoun74a piece of equipment that you speak into to make your voice louder, or to record your voice or other soundsThe reporter was carrying a microphone.microfononetworknet.wknoun72a large system consisting of many similar parts that are connected together to allow movement or communication between or along the parts or between the parts and a control centreShe works for a well-known television network.retepresenterprzen.tnoun72someone who introduces a television or radio showI've always wanted to be a TV presenter.presentatorepress presnoun72newspapers and magazines, and those parts of television and radio which broadcast news, or reporters and photographers who work for themThe press was/were out in force at the awards ceremony.stampaprivacyprv..sinoun75someone's right to keep their personal matters and relationships secretEveryone is entitled to some privacy.privacyproducerprdjusnoun72a person who makes the practical and financial arrangements needed to make a film, play, television or radio programmeIll talk to my producer about doing a news report on this.produttoreproductionprdk.nnoun77the activity of organising the practical and financial matters connected with the preparation of a film, play or television or radio programmeI'd like to get into television production.produzionepromotionprm.nnoun77activities to advertise somethingObviously as sales manager he'll be very involved in the promotion and marketing of the product.promozionepublicationpb.lke.nnoun72the act of making information or stories available to people in a printed formThe brochure will be ready for publication in September.pubblicazionepublicitypbls..tinoun75the activity of making certain that someone or something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activityIm not the sort of person whos comfortable with publicity.pubblicitquiz show kwz noun72a TV or radio programme based on a game or competition in which you answer questionsWe produce programmes ranging from sports and soaps to quiz shows.quiz, telequizreality TV showril..ti tivi noun72a television programme about ordinary people who are filmed in real situations, rather than actorsDo you watch many reality TV shows?reality show televisivorole model rl md.lnoun75a person who someone admires and whose behaviour they try to copySports stars are role models for thousands of youngsters.modello di comportamentoscriptwriterskrptra.tnoun72a person who writes the words for films or radio or television broadcastsShe's a successful Hollywood scriptwriter.sceneggiatore, soggettistaset designerset dza.nnoun72a person who decides which pictures, furniture, etc. will be used when a film or play is performed or recordedAs the set designer I decide how the stage or studio will look.scenografotabloid tb.ldnoun72a type of popular newspaper with small pages which has many pictures and short simple reportsThe tabloid press love this sort of story.tabloidUnit 10bargain b.nnoun80something on sale at a lower price than its true valueIf its a bargain Ill buy it.affare vantaggioso, occasionebe out of b at vverb80to have no more of something Well be out of petrol if we dont stop at a garage soon.non avere pi, finirebrand brndnoun81a type of product made by a particular companyThere are cool brands of clothing that we'd like to sell.marca, marchio, brandcasual k.ju.ladjective80describes clothes that are not formal or not suitable for special occasionsHe usually wears casual clothes.casual, sportivocatalogue kt.l.noun81a book with a list of all the goods that you can buy from a shopMy mother buys everything from mail-order catalogues.catalogoconsumer knsju.mnoun80a person who buys goods or services for their own useConsumers need to be careful if they buy from dealers in second-hand goods.consumatoredebit card deb.t kdnoun82a small plastic card which can be used as a method of payment, the money being taken from your bank account automaticallyI paid with my debit card.carta di addebitodesigner label dza.n le.blnoun80something made by a famous company that makes expensive clothes, bags, etc.How important are designer labels to you?griffe, etichetta di marcaexchange kstendverb80to take something back to the shop where you bought it, and change it for something elseI'd like to exchange this item please.cambiare, scambiareexporteksptverb80to send goods to another country for saleFrench cheeses are exported to many different countries.esportarefalse flsadjective80not real, but made to look or seem realIs she wearing false eyelashes?falsogenuineden.ju.nadjective80If something is genuine, it is real and exactly what it appears to be.They claimed the chair was made from genuine leather.autentico, genuinoguarantee r.ntinoun82a promise that something will be done or will happen, especially a written promise by a company to repair or change a product that develops a fault within a particular period of timeThe video recorder comes with/has a two-year guarantee.garanziaideal adladjective86without fault; perfect, or the best possibleShe's the ideal person for the job.idealeimport mptverb80to buy or bring in products from another countryWe import a large number of cars from Japan.importarein stock n stkexpression80available to buyThe new edition is in stock in major bookshops.in stock, disponibile, a magazzinoloose lusadjective80(of clothes) not fitting closely to the bodyWear comfortable, loose clothing to your exercise class.largo, non attillatomassive ms.vadjective80very large in size, amount or numberShe died after taking a massive overdose of drugs.massiccio, enormeon offer n f.phrase82If goods in a shop are on (special) offer, they are being sold at a lower price than usual.They usually buy food that is on offer .in offerta, scontatoout of stockat v stkexpression80not available to buyI'm afraid your size is currently out of stock.fuori stock, esaurito, non disponibilepurchase p.tsnoun80something that you buyHow do you wish to pay for your purchases?acquistoreflect rflektverb80to show, express or be a sign of somethingHow far do think peoples clothes reflect their personalities?riflettererun out rn atphrasal verb85to finish, use or sell all of something so that there is none leftThose scarves are very popular with customers and weve run out of them completely.esauriresaleselnoun80an occasion when goods are sold at a lower price than usualI bought this in the January sales.saldo, svenditasales selznoun81the number of products soldThe store must increase sales if it is to survive.venditesell out sel.atphrasal verb81If a supply of something sells out, there is no more of that thing to buy.A week after their new style of shirt was launched, it was completely sold out.vendere fino ad esaurimentoshopkeeper pki.pnoun80a person who owns and manages a small shopThe new line in jeans was so popular that shopkeepers soon ran out.negoziantesophisticated sfs.tke.tdadjective80having a good knowledge of culture and fashionShe was slim, svelte and sophisticated.sofisticato, raffinatostunning stnadjective86extremely beautiful or attractiveGosh, what a stunning dress!sensazionalesuit sutverb80(usually of a colour or style of clothes) to make someone look more attractiveWhat styles and colours of clothes suit you best?addirsi, stare benethrow out r atphrasal verb85to get rid of something that you do not want any moreThose old socks have got holes in! When are you going to throw them out?gettare via, buttare viatight tatadjective80Clothes or shoes that are tight fit the body too closely and are uncomfortable.That jacket's too tight - you want a bigger size.stretto, attillato, aderentetrolley trl.inoun82a small vehicle with two or four wheels that you push or pull to transport large or heavy objects onOh no! I left my purse in the shopping trolley.carrellotry out tra.atphrasal verb81to use something to discover if it works or if you like itMy brothers just bought a new computer and I want to try it out.provareturn out tn.atphrasal verb85to happen in a particular way or to have a particular result, especially an unexpected oneHow did the recipe turn out?risultare, venirevivid vv.dadjective86very brightly colouredShe was wearing a vivid pink shirt.intenso, vivo

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