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PREVENTING DISTRACTED DRIVING

Susan KirinichOffice of Research

d P D l tand Program DevelopmentNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration

National Conference of State Legislatures Legislative Summit

July 27, 2010July 27, 2010

Distracted Driving DefinedDistracted Driving Defined

Place Photo Here,Otherwise Delete Box

Place Photo Here,Otherwise Delete Box

Three Types of Distraction

Visual –Eyes off the road

Otherwise Delete Box Otherwise Delete Box

Distraction is anything that can take Manual –Hands off the wheel

away visual, manual or cognitive resources from the driving task.

wheel

Cognitive –Mi d ff th

Distraction affects people of all ages, genders and races, regardless of the

Mind off the driving task

g gtype of vehicle they drive.

SpectrumSpectrum of Distractionof DistractionListening to the radio Texting Texting is one of

the riskiest forms

Minor Major

of distraction because it combines all 3 t pes oftypes of distraction: manual, visual and cognitiveand cognitive.

Source: Stutts et al 2005

Percent of total time while driving engaged in a potentially distracting activity

ManualManual

• Tasks that require the driver to take a qhand off the steering wheel and manipulate a device.

M l di t ti i l d• Manual distractions include:

Manipulating a navigation system

Holding an electronic deviceHolding an electronic device

Adjusting the car radio or CD player

Eating or drinkingg g

Personal grooming

VisualVisual

• Tasks that require the driver to look away from the roadway to visually obtain information.

• How long is too long?• How long is too long?Glancing away from the road for two seconds significantly increases crash risk.

CognitiveCognitivegg

• Mental workload associated with• Mental workload associated with a task that involves thinking about something other than the d i i t kdriving task.

• The cognitive distraction from phone use is difficult to observe pand measure, but can impact a wide range of driver behaviors, such as a significant reduction insuch as a significant reduction in response time and an increased crash risk.

Extent of the ProblemExtent of the ProblemExtent of the ProblemExtent of the Problem• In 2008, there were 37,261 fatalities.

N l 6 000 l kill d i hNearly 6,000 people were killed in crashes involving distraction – 16% of fatalities.

An estimated 21% of injury crashes involved distraction

Young D iinvolved distraction.

• Adults are just as likely to text and drive as teens.

Distractions of any kind have a

Drivers

In a recent survey, nearly half (47%) of all texting adults say they have sent or read a text message while driving, and 44% of all

yparticularly negative effect on young drivers, which makes

adults say they have been in a car when the driver used the cell phone in a way that put themselves or others in danger. (S P R h C t J 2010)

which makes texting while driving especially risky for them.

(Source: Pew Research Center June 2010)

U.S. DOT ActivitiesU.S. DOT ActivitiesU.S. DOT ActivitiesU.S. DOT Activities

d l l i“Every time we climb into theFederal Employee Texting Ban

Federal Ban on Texting for Commercial Truck Drivers

climb into the driver’s seat, we all have a responsibility for

NHTSA Driver Distraction Program Plan

responsibility for keeping our roads safe by putting away cell phones

Public Awareness Campaign

Sample Texting Law

y pand other distractions.”

Secretary LaHoodDec. 30, 2009

Federal Action on TextingFederal Action on TextingFederal Action on TextingFederal Action on Texting

• Federal Employees• Federal Employees EXECUTIVE ORDER 13513 (October 2009)

Federal employees shall not engage in text messaging:

a when driving a GOV or POV while on officiala. when driving a GOV or POV while on official Government business, or

b. when using electronic equipment supplied by the Government while driving at any time.

• Commercial DriversThe Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration issued an Interim Final Rule in January 2010 prohibiting y p gcommercial drivers from texting while driving a CMV in interstate travel and a proposed Final Rule in April 2010.

• Railroads and Transit

NHTSA Distraction PlanNHTSA Distraction PlanEliminate Crashes Due to Distraction

NHTSA Distraction Plan NHTSA Distraction Plan

Initiative 1Improve the

Initiative 4Recognize

Initiative 2 Initiative 3Reduce Keep DriversUnderstanding

of the Problem Risks and

ConsequencesWorkload from

Interfaces

Keep Drivers Safe

Behavioral

Data Approach

Vehicle Approaches

DriverApproach

Distracted Driving MessagingDistracted Driving Messaging

S i l N iSocial Norming•PUT IT DOWN

Enforcementf•PHONE IN ONE HAND –

TICKET IN THE OTHERTICKET IN THE OTHER

NHTSA Distracted Driving NHTSA Distracted Driving Demonstration ProjectsDemonstration ProjectsDemonstration ProjectsDemonstration Projects

• Two cities in states that ban hand‐held cell‐h hil d i i (H f d CT dphone use while driving (Hartford, CT and

Syracuse, NY)

• Based on the Click It or Ticket IT Seat Belt E f C iEnforcement Campaign

• The goal is not to just issue tickets or make arrests, but to create a sense of general d t f th l blideterrence for the general public

• NHTSA will study changes in attitudes and behavior from beginning to end and the results

ill d l f l i hi h i ibilitwill serve as a model for employing high visibility enforcement, education and outreach to reduce distracted driving behaviors in other cities and states across the countrystates across the country

Sample Texting Law• In late 2009 NHTSA brought together 15• In late 2009, NHTSA brought together 15

traffic safety, automotive, and wireless communications industry organizations t d l th l l

Currently 30 States and the District ofto develop the sample law.

• Key provisions: Primary enforcement

the District of Columbia have banned Primary enforcement

First offense: minimum of $75

Any offense that results in serious injury or death should increase to a felony offense

texting while driving.

death should increase to a felony offense.

• Full text of the sample law: http://www.distraction.gov/files/dot/texting‐law‐021910 pdf021910.pdf.

State Text Messaging State Text Messaging Bans EnactedBans EnactedAs of As of July July 20102010yy

WA

ORNYMN

ME

VTNH

MA

MT ND

OH

RI

MDDE

NJ

UT

WY

OR

DCIL

CT

PA

WVNV

ID SD

NEIA

WIMI

IN

AR

VAUT

TNNC

COCA

SCOK

NMAZ

KS MO KY

AK

AR

LA

GA

FL

ALMS

TX

Primary

PR

FL

Primary

SecondaryNovice Drivers Only - PrimaryHI

For More InformationFor More Information

Visit www.distraction.gov

Selected Research Reports:

C bi Di d D i i GHSA 2010 S f S S f P•Curbing Distracted Driving: GHSA 2010 Survey of State Safety Programs(www.distraction.gov/files/research/GHSA‐2010_distraction.pdf)

•Driver Distraction: A Review of the Current State‐of‐Knowledgeg

•An Examination of Driver Distraction as Recorded in NHTSA Databases

•Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations•Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations

What’s Next on the HorizonWhat’s Next on the Horizon

• Public Awareness Continue to assess and refine proven methods that h l hift i l t k di t t d d i i

Distracted driving is a

help shift social norms to make distracted driving socially unacceptable

• Research

moving target: It will continue to evolve as

t h lProblem ID: improve data collection

Human factors: knowledge of cognitive deficits and ability to multi‐task

new technology and electronic systems are developed forand ability to multi task

Policy: further analysis of laws and enforcement strategies

Di t t d D i i P ti A t

developed for vehicles

• Distracted Driving Prevention Act Incentive Grant Program for States(50% of the funds would go toward education and enforcement efforts The rest could be used for otherenforcement efforts. The rest could be used for other traffic safety improvement projects.)

Mine came just in time for Thanksgiving! Thanks Amazon!

Thank You!

www.nhtsa.gov