comparative number of germs based on the length
TRANSCRIPT
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Comparative Number of Germs Based
on The Length of Time Washing Hands
on Medical Personnel
Presented by
Belladona Ayudityawati
20080310039
Medical Faculty and Health Science
Muhamadiyah University of Yogyakarta
2011
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CHAPTER I
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BACKGROUND
The sources of microorganisms that can causeinfections fall into two categories : the sources ofendogenous and exogenous sources (Hudak et al,1996)
Nosocomial infections are infections acquired by
patients being treated for or had been hospitalized(Roeshadi, 1993)
The core of the prevention and control of nosocomialinfections is to control the proliferation and spread
of microbial pathogens (Darmadi, 2008)
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BACKGROUND
Prevention of microbial pathogens can bedone by good hand washing with soapcontaining antiseptic
0.00%
0.10%
0.20%
0.30%
0.40%
0.50%
0.60%
0.70%
Tahun 2007 Tahun 2008 Tahun 2009
Nosocomial Infections in RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten
Nosocomial Infections in RSUP dr. Soeradji
Tirtonegoro
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FORMULATING THE PROBLEM
1. What is the total number of germs on hands ofmedical personnel before and after washing handswith soap that contains Chlorhexidine2% for 30seconds, 45 seconds and 60 seconds ?
2. Does washing hands with soap that containsChlorhexidine2% for 45 seconds is more effectivethan washing hands for 30 seconds, 60 seconds ?
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RESEARCH PURPOSE
1. Knowing the number of germs found onhands of medical personnel after taking
medical action against the patient's
2. Knowing the effectiveness of hand washingusing soap containing 2% Chlorhexidine.
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BENEFIT OF RESEARCH
1. Hospitals Institutions
2. Educational Institutions3. For Researchers
4. For Medical Personnel
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RESEARCH ORIGINALITY
1. Selvi Puspitasari (2009), about Comparative Numberof Germs Before and After Rubbing Hands WithAlcohol 70% On Drying 15 Seconds, 30 Seconds and60 Seconds
2. Endang Sri Lestari dan Helmia Farida (2004), about"Comparative Effects disinfectants Chlorhexidinegluconate 1.5% + Setrimid 15% in the basin andAlcohol Hand as Health Officer for Hand Washing
Facilities
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CHAPTER II
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LITERATUR REVIEW
Microorganisms are divided into two groups :
Resident Flora
Transient Flora
Wash Hands : WHO standard (how to wash hands,
hand washing materials, and the duration of handwashing)
Disinfectant and Antiseptic : Soap ContainingChlorhexidine2%
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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HYPOTHESIS
Number of germs after washing hands withsoap that contains Chlorhexidine2% with atime of washing hands for 45 seconds lower
than the 30 seconds and 60 seconds
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CHAPTER III
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RESEARCH METHODS
Research Design Quasi experiment in one group (one group pre test- post test design)
Research Subject
Population : 389 medical personnel
Sampling was done by purposive sampling, with atotal sample : 39 medical personnel
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INCLUTION AND EXCLUTION CRITERIA
Inclution :
1. medical personnel who activity and wash their handsafter performing medical acts by using soapcontaining Chlorhexidine2%
2. Medical personnel who are willing to participate inresearch
Exclution :
1. medical personnel who refuse willing toparticipate in research
2. Medical personnel who did not wash handsin accordance with WHO standards
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RESEARCH VARIABLE
Independent variables :
Long time hand washing
Dependent variable :
Total number of germs on hands
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Number Variable Operational Definition1 Long time hand
washing- Calculated at the time began to wetting hands
with soap containing Chlorhexidine 2% and
water, smooth and rubbed his hands, until dry
hands with a disposable towel and use towel to
turn off the faucet
- Hand washing time is 30 seconds, 45 secondsand 60 seconds
2 Total number of germson hands
- The number of germs that are calculated on a
particular area (cm2), with unit Colony Forming
Units (CFU) / cm2
- The number of germ, calculated by culturing thegerm in the blood jelly dish as a general culture
medium for growing gram positive germ and
gram-negative germ
- One colony considered one bacterium
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
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RESEARCH PROSEDURE
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DATA ANALYZING
1. Data analyzed with One Way Anova bysoftware SPSS 16
2. Statistical test using paired ttest
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CHAPTER IV
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RESULTS
Paired t-testGroup Mean of Germs Number P value
Pre test Post test
30 Sec68.46 52.440 8.15 9.797 0,001
45 sec
111.62 56.929 3.08 8.902 0,000
60 sec35.00 35.637 0.62 0.768 0,005
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RESULT
ONE WAY ANNOVA
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RESULT
MEANS PLOT
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DISCUSSION
Factors that influence the effectiveness of antiseptics
(Darmadi, 2008) :
a. Antiseptic factor consisting of concentration, pHand solvent
b. Microbial factors consisting of the number ofmicrobes and form endospores
c. Environmental factors are from an organic materialsuch as blood, pus, saliva, or feces
d. Exposure time factor
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DISCUSSION
Mechanism of Chlorhexidineto kill germs ( Sebayang,
2010) :
Chlorhexidinebinded with the bacterial cell-wall permeability cell-wall penetration into cytoplasm
microorganism death
Thats why Chlorhexidine is more effectively atkilling germs than soap and alcohol
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CHAPTER V
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CONCLUSSION
The conclusion from this research is washing handusing soap contain Chlorhexidine2% for 45 second is
the more effectively than washing hand for 30
second and 60 second
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RECOMENDATION
Need further research by considering more carefully
about the possibility of contamination whileincubating, and the skin of the hands of respondentcharacteristics
Need to do research with antiseptic ingredientsother than those already mentioned in this study
Need to correct information, both to the medical
officer as well as related community good handwashing, duration of hand washing and antiseptic soap
containing a good according to WHOstandards
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REFERENCE
Roeshadi, D., Winarti, A., 1993, Pengendalian Infeksi
Nosokomial di RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya, MajalahCermin Dunia Kedokteran, Jakarta
Darmadi, 2008, Infeksi Nosokomial Problematika danPengendaliannya, Penerbit Salemba Medika, Jakarta
Sebayang, Kurniady, 2010, Perbedaan Efektivitas OralHygiene antara Povidone Iodine terhadap clinicalpulmonary infection score pada penderita denganventilator mekanik, Magister Ilmu Biomedik dan
Program pendidikan Dokter Spesialis AnestesiologiUniversitas Diponegoro, Semarang
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THANK YOU.
WASSALAMUALAIKUM.
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